Algorithm and software development to allocate locomotives for transportation of freight trains

We suggest a mathematical model to allocate locomotives for transportation of freight trains. The aim of the optimization in this model is to minimize the number of locomotives used for the transportation of the trains by choosing routes of the trains and locomotives. It is supposed that the trains can be transported only at defined time intervals (so-called train paths); every locomotive has possible routes called railway hauls. We take into account the necessity of periodic maintenance. We use graph theory and integer optimization to formulate the problem. We suggest mathematical definitions of a railway haul, a train path, a train route, and a locomotive route. An heuristic search algorithm to find an approximate solution of the problem is suggested. The main idea of the algorithm is maximal usage of locomotives that started earlier than other ones. The algorithm contains three stages. A solution of the previous stage is improved at each following stage. We use transfers of the locomotives to improve the current solution. We describe software development to optimize the model. We solve the problem using the historical data of Moscow railway.Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 16-11-00062The work has been supported by Russian Science Foundation (project No 16-11-00062)

ALGORITHM AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TO ALLOCATE LOCOMOTIVES FOR TRANSPORTATION OF FREIGHT TRAINS

We suggest a mathematical model to allocate locomotives for transportation of freight trains. The aim of the optimization in this model is to minimize the number of locomotives used for the transportation of the trains by choosing routes of the trains and locomotives. It is supposed that the trains can be transported only at defined time intervals (so-called train paths); every locomotive has possible routes called railway hauls. We take into account the necessity of periodic maintenance. We use graph theory and integer optimization to formulate the problem. We suggest mathematical definitions of a railway haul, a train path, a train route, and a locomotive route. An heuristic search algorithm to find an approximate solution of the problem is suggested. The main idea of the algorithm is maximal usage of locomotives that started earlier than other ones. The algorithm contains three stages. A solution of the previous stage is improved at each following stage. We use transfers of the locomotives to improve the current solution. We describe software development to optimize the model. We solve the problem using the historical data of Moscow railway.Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 16-11-00062The work has been supported by Russian Science Foundation (project No 16-11-00062)

Separate the issues of anti-terrorist protection of medical institutions when applying biopathogens

In article the review of infectious diseases, which can be applied with the aim of biological terrorism. Considered 'critical' point of possible application of biopathogens during the act of biological terrorism in a medical facility, reflected the risk factors of their application.В статье проведен обзор инфекционных заболеваний, которые могут быть применены с целью биологического терроризма. Рассмотрены «критические» точки возможного применения биопатогенов в ходе акта биологического терроризма в медицинском учреждении, отражены факторы риска их применения

Measurement properties of the Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS) in an elderly population in Sweden

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Insomnia is common among elderly people and associated with poor health. The Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS) is a three item screening instrument that has been found to be psychometrically sound and capable of identifying insomnia in the general population (20-64 years). However, its measurement properties have not been studied in an elderly population. Our aim was to test the measurement properties of the MISS among people aged 65 + in Sweden, by replicating the original study in an elderly sample.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data from a cross-sectional survey of 548 elderly individuals were analysed in terms of assumptions of summation of items, floor/ceiling effects, reliability and optimal cut-off score by means of ROC-curve analysis and compared with self-reported insomnia criteria.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Corrected item-total correlations ranged between 0.64-0.70, floor/ceiling effects were 6.6/0.6% and reliability was 0.81. ROC analysis identified the optimal cut-off score as ≥7 (sensitivity, 0.93; specificity, 0.84; positive/negative predictive values, 0.256/0.995). Using this cut-off score, the prevalence of insomnia in the study sample was 21.7% and most frequent among women and the oldest old.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Data support the measurement properties of the MISS as a possible insomnia screening instrument for elderly persons. This study make evident that the MISS is useful for identifying elderly people with insomnia-like sleep problems. Further studies are needed to assess its usefulness in identifying clinically defined insomnia.</p

The list of potentially hazardous biopathogens affecting the functioning of the hospital phase medical evacuation

The article analyzes the biopathogenic, which can be used by medical evacuation hospital stage diversion for terrorist purposes.В статье проведен анализ биопатогенов, которые могут применяться по госпитальному этапу медицинской эвакуации диверсионным методом с террористической целью

«Smart City» How Digital Technologies Are Changing the Economy of Cities

Рассмотрена влияние цифровых технологий на экономическое развитие города, которые способны обеспечивать комфортные условия для жизни людей и развития конкурентоспособности между городами и регионами.The relevance of the topic of "smart city" and its impact on the economic development of the city is considered. In the conditions of digitalization of all spheres of human life, there is a need for a "smart system" that manages the infrastructure of the city and provides comfortable conditions for people's lives and the development of competitiveness between cities and regions