O gênero Philodendron Schott (Araceae) no estado do Paraná - Brasil

Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Lívia Godinho TemponiCoorientadora : Profª Drª Cassia Mônica SakuraguiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica. Defesa: Curitiba, 26/03/2015Inclui referênciasResumo: Philodendron Schott é o segundo maior gênero de Araceae, com um total de 482 espécies. Distribui-se exclusivamente pelo Netrópico, do México à Argentina. No Brasil é o gênero mais representativo, com 168 espécies, 79 destas endêmicas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar a flora de Philodendron para o estado do Paraná, por meio de coletas em campo e consulta à herbários. Foram registradas 13 espécies para o Paraná, incluindo 2 novas espécies: P. appendiculatum, P. bipinnatifidum, P. camposportoanum, P. corcovadense, P. crassinervium, P. eximium, P. loefgrenii, P. meridionale, P. missionum, P. obliquifolium, P. propinquum, P. roseopetiolatum e Philodendron sp. nov. Essas espécies foram encontradas nas três principais formações da Mata Atlântica do Paraná: na Floresta Estacional Semidecidual cinco espécies, na Floresta Ombrófila Mista sete espécies e na Floresta Ombrófila Densa, com maior representatividade, foram registradas 11 espécies. Além disso, a Floresta Ombrófila Densa apresentou maior endemismo, com quatro espécies exclusivas à essa formação vegetacional. Três espécies foram consideradas criticamente em perigo, de acordo com os critérios da IUCN, por apresentarem registro em apenas uma ou duas localidades do estado: P. camposportoanum, P. eximium e P. roseopetiolatum. Esse trabalho apresenta uma chave de identificação, pranchas de fotografias, ilustração dos caracteres mais relevantes e comentários taxonômicos de cada espécie de Philodendron encontrada no Paraná. Palavras-chave: Flora, Meconostigma, Pteromischum, taxonomia.Abstract: Philodendron Schott is the second largest genus of Araceae, with 482 species. It is exclusively Neotropical, ranging from Mexico to Argentina. In Brasil it is the most diverse genus of the Araceae, with 168 species, 79 of these endemic. The aim of the present work was to survey the species of Philodendron of Paraná state, through field collections and herbaria material. Thirteen species were recorded, two of which are new: P. appendiculatum, P. bipinnatifidum, P. camposportoanum, P. corcovadense, P. crassinervium, P. eximium, P. loefgrenii, P. meridionale, P. missionum, P. obliquifolium, P. propinquum, P. roseopetiolatum e Philodendron sp. nov. These species were found in the three main formations of Atlantic forest of Paraná: five species in the seasonal semideciduous forest, seven species in the Araucaria forest and ombrophilous dense forest which recorded a major representativeness, with 11 species. Moreover, ombrophilous dense forest showed bigger endemism, with four exclusive species to this formation. Three species were considered critically endangered according to the IUCN criteria: P. camposportoanum, P. eximium and P. roseopetiolatum. We present an identification key, photos, illustrations of the most important characters and taxonomic comments for each species. Keywords: flora, Meconostigma, Pteromischum, taxonomy

Iron Biofortification of Greenhouse Soilless Lettuce: An Effective Agronomic Tool to Improve the Dietary Mineral Intake

The present experiment addressed the effects of different iron (Fe) concentrations in the nutrient solution supplied as Fe-HBED, i.e., 0.02 (Fe0, control), 1.02 (Fe1), and 2.02 mmol L-1 (Fe2) on lettuce ('Nauplus' and 'Romana') yield and compositional traits. This experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using an open soilless cultivation system, at the experimental farm of the University of Catania (Sicily, Italy: 37 degrees 24'31.5 '' N, 15 degrees 03'32.8 '' E, 6 m a.s.l.). The addition of Fe-HBED reduced the plants' aboveground biomass (-18%, averaged over Fe1 and Fe2), but promoted their dry matter content (+16% in Fe2). The concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidants peaked at Fe2, along with the antioxidant capacity and concentration of stress indicators in leaves. The Fe content in leaves was promoted in the Fe-treated plants (+187% averaged over Fe1 and Fe2). 'Romana' showed the highest Fe accumulation (reaching 29.8 mg kg(-1) FW in Fe1), but 'Nauplus' proved a higher tolerance to the Fe-derived oxidative stress. The Fe2 treatment maximized leaf N, P, K, S, and Zn contents, while those of Ca, Mg, Mn, and B peaked at Fe1. Overall, our study revealed the effectiveness of Fe-HBED in increasing the Fe content and improving the nutritional quality of lettuce grown in soilless cultivation systems

Iron Biofortification of Greenhouse Soilless Lettuce: An Effective Agronomic Tool to Improve the Dietary Mineral Intake

The present experiment addressed the effects of different iron (Fe) concentrations in the nutrient solution supplied as Fe-HBED, i.e., 0.02 (Fe0, control), 1.02 (Fe1), and 2.02 mmol L-1 (Fe2) on lettuce ('Nauplus' and 'Romana') yield and compositional traits. This experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using an open soilless cultivation system, at the experimental farm of the University of Catania (Sicily, Italy: 37 degrees 24'31.5 '' N, 15 degrees 03'32.8 '' E, 6 m a.s.l.). The addition of Fe-HBED reduced the plants' aboveground biomass (-18%, averaged over Fe1 and Fe2), but promoted their dry matter content (+16% in Fe2). The concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidants peaked at Fe2, along with the antioxidant capacity and concentration of stress indicators in leaves. The Fe content in leaves was promoted in the Fe-treated plants (+187% averaged over Fe1 and Fe2). 'Romana' showed the highest Fe accumulation (reaching 29.8 mg kg(-1) FW in Fe1), but 'Nauplus' proved a higher tolerance to the Fe-derived oxidative stress. The Fe2 treatment maximized leaf N, P, K, S, and Zn contents, while those of Ca, Mg, Mn, and B peaked at Fe1. Overall, our study revealed the effectiveness of Fe-HBED in increasing the Fe content and improving the nutritional quality of lettuce grown in soilless cultivation systems

O gênero Philodendron Schott (Araceae) no estado do Paraná - Brasil

Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Lívia Godinho TemponiCoorientadora : Profª Drª Cassia Mônica SakuraguiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica. Defesa: Curitiba, 26/03/2015Inclui referênciasResumo: Philodendron Schott é o segundo maior gênero de Araceae, com um total de 482 espécies. Distribui-se exclusivamente pelo Netrópico, do México à Argentina. No Brasil é o gênero mais representativo, com 168 espécies, 79 destas endêmicas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar a flora de Philodendron para o estado do Paraná, por meio de coletas em campo e consulta à herbários. Foram registradas 13 espécies para o Paraná, incluindo 2 novas espécies: P. appendiculatum, P. bipinnatifidum, P. camposportoanum, P. corcovadense, P. crassinervium, P. eximium, P. loefgrenii, P. meridionale, P. missionum, P. obliquifolium, P. propinquum, P. roseopetiolatum e Philodendron sp. nov. Essas espécies foram encontradas nas três principais formações da Mata Atlântica do Paraná: na Floresta Estacional Semidecidual cinco espécies, na Floresta Ombrófila Mista sete espécies e na Floresta Ombrófila Densa, com maior representatividade, foram registradas 11 espécies. Além disso, a Floresta Ombrófila Densa apresentou maior endemismo, com quatro espécies exclusivas à essa formação vegetacional. Três espécies foram consideradas criticamente em perigo, de acordo com os critérios da IUCN, por apresentarem registro em apenas uma ou duas localidades do estado: P. camposportoanum, P. eximium e P. roseopetiolatum. Esse trabalho apresenta uma chave de identificação, pranchas de fotografias, ilustração dos caracteres mais relevantes e comentários taxonômicos de cada espécie de Philodendron encontrada no Paraná. Palavras-chave: Flora, Meconostigma, Pteromischum, taxonomia.Abstract: Philodendron Schott is the second largest genus of Araceae, with 482 species. It is exclusively Neotropical, ranging from Mexico to Argentina. In Brasil it is the most diverse genus of the Araceae, with 168 species, 79 of these endemic. The aim of the present work was to survey the species of Philodendron of Paraná state, through field collections and herbaria material. Thirteen species were recorded, two of which are new: P. appendiculatum, P. bipinnatifidum, P. camposportoanum, P. corcovadense, P. crassinervium, P. eximium, P. loefgrenii, P. meridionale, P. missionum, P. obliquifolium, P. propinquum, P. roseopetiolatum e Philodendron sp. nov. These species were found in the three main formations of Atlantic forest of Paraná: five species in the seasonal semideciduous forest, seven species in the Araucaria forest and ombrophilous dense forest which recorded a major representativeness, with 11 species. Moreover, ombrophilous dense forest showed bigger endemism, with four exclusive species to this formation. Three species were considered critically endangered according to the IUCN criteria: P. camposportoanum, P. eximium and P. roseopetiolatum. We present an identification key, photos, illustrations of the most important characters and taxonomic comments for each species. Keywords: flora, Meconostigma, Pteromischum, taxonomy

Iron and zinc biofortification and bioaccessibility in carrot ‘Dordogne’ : Comparison between foliar applications of chelate and sulphate forms

Hidden hunger is a worldwide problem, with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency being the most common causes of mineral deficiency. Vegetable biofortification is an effective strategy to fight mineral deficiency, especially when commonly consumed vegetables are utilized, as in the case of carrots. This biofortification study aimed to investigate the response of the off-season carrot cv. Dordogne to different forms of foliar applications of Fe and Zn. The crop received four applications of both minerals, either in the form of inorganic salt (FeSO4 and ZnSO4) or chelated forms (Fe-DTPA and Zn-EDTA), at a concentration of 6 mM of these elements. FeSO4 was efficient in increasing the Fe concentration in carrots (by 52%), while Fe-DTPA caused no significant differences. Regarding Zn, both forms were effective in the biofortification, but Zn-EDTA proved to be more efficient in increasing root Zn concentration (+94%) than ZnSO4 (+57%). Bioaccessibility data, measured after in vitro digestion, showed that biofortified carrots with the chelated forms retained a full bioaccessibility of the minerals (around 100% as in control carrots). However, the sulfate-biofortified carrots showed reduced bioaccessibility values (60% and 80% for Fe and Zn, respectively). The results also showed an increase in dry matter, total nitrogen content and antioxidant activity in plants treated with Zn-EDTA. This trend paralleled the increase of polyphenols and total carotenoids content, suggesting the overall benefit of biofortification strategies conducted in the field. In conclusion, our study revealed that chelated forms of both minerals are preferable in the biofortification programs of carrots

Mineral biofortification of vegetables as a tool to improve human diet

Vegetables represent pillars of good nutrition since they provide important phytochemicals such as fiber, vitamins, antioxidants, as well as minerals. Biofortification proposes a promising strategy to increase the content of specific compounds. As minerals have important functionalities in the human metabolism, the possibility of enriching fresh consumed products, such as many vegetables, adopting specific agronomic approaches, has been considered. This review discusses the most recent findings on agronomic biofortification of vegetables, aimed at increasing in the edible portions the content of important minerals, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iodine (I), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and silicon (Si). The focus was on selenium and iodine biofortification thus far, while for the other mineral elements, aspects related to vegetable typology, genotypes, chemical form, and application protocols are far from being well defined. Even if agronomic fortification is considered an easy to apply technique, the approach is complex considering several interactions occurring at crop level, as well as the bioavailability of different minerals for the consumer. Considering the latter, only few studies examined in a broad approach both the definition of biofortification protocols and the quantification of bioavailable fraction of the element.</p

Iron Biofortification of Greenhouse Cherry Tomatoes Grown in a Soilless System

Iron (Fe) biofortification is a strategy to increase the amount of iron in food crops. The goal of this work was to assess the possibility of maximizing the Fe content in cherry tomatoes grown in a soilless system. The cultivar Creativo was grown with three concentrations of Fe (as Fe-HBED) in the nutrient solution (0.022, 1, and 2 mmol L&minus;1), and received further foliar applications of the element (as Fe-DTPA) at 0, 250, and 500 &micro;mol L&minus;1. The addition of 2 mmol Fe L&minus;1 to the nutrient solution, together with foliar sprays at 500 &micro;mol Fe L&minus;1, induced the highest increase in fruit Fe concentration in clusters 1 and 2 (by 163% and 190%, respectively). The Fe added to the nutrient solution increased the fruit dry matter (up to +10.21%) but decreased the fruit&rsquo;s fresh weight (up to &minus;11.06%). The higher Fe concentrations provided to the crop synergistically increased the contents of other minerals (i.e., K, Mg, Na, and Zn), along with the fruit&rsquo;s titratable acidity and soluble solids content, improving multiple functional and quality traits of the cherry tomatoes. These results show that Fe biofortification of cherry tomatoes can be effective to address Fe deficiency while obtaining high-quality products

Interferência alelopática de folhas de cártamo sobre espécies oleaginosas

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2013v26n2p1 O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar, em condições laboratoriais, a interferência alelopática do extrato aquoso de folhas de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) na germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas de girassol e canola. Estes testes preliminares indicarão a necessidade de maiores estudos, para inserção das espécies em sistemas de plantio direto. Os ensaios foram realizados sobre sementes condicionadas em placas de Petri umedecidos com concentrações de extrato aquoso de cártamo a 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100%, além da testemunha somente com água destilada. As placas foram armazenadas em câmara de germinação, do tipo BOD, com temperatura e fotoperíodo controlados. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado e os parâmetros avaliados foram: percentagem de germinação, tempo e velocidade média de germinação, assim como comprimento médio de raiz. Os parâmetros foram submetidos ao Teste F, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Foi verificado efeito alelopático do extrato aquoso de cártamo sobre canola, sendo este prejudicial à emergência e crescimento inicial das plântulas

Iron Biofortification of Greenhouse Cherry Tomatoes Grown in a Soilless System

Iron (Fe) biofortification is a strategy to increase the amount of iron in food crops. The goal of this work was to assess the possibility of maximizing the Fe content in cherry tomatoes grown in a soilless system. The cultivar Creativo was grown with three concentrations of Fe (as Fe-HBED) in the nutrient solution (0.022, 1, and 2 mmol L−1), and received further foliar applications of the element (as Fe-DTPA) at 0, 250, and 500 µmol L−1. The addition of 2 mmol Fe L−1 to the nutrient solution, together with foliar sprays at 500 µmol Fe L−1, induced the highest increase in fruit Fe concentration in clusters 1 and 2 (by 163% and 190%, respectively). The Fe added to the nutrient solution increased the fruit dry matter (up to +10.21%) but decreased the fruit’s fresh weight (up to −11.06%). The higher Fe concentrations provided to the crop synergistically increased the contents of other minerals (i.e., K, Mg, Na, and Zn), along with the fruit’s titratable acidity and soluble solids content, improving multiple functional and quality traits of the cherry tomatoes. These results show that Fe biofortification of cherry tomatoes can be effective to address Fe deficiency while obtaining high-quality products

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora