Spatial Development Potential Considering Conservation Planning Criteria

The paper focuses on the issues of possible differences in the decision considering spatial allocation of land use and its potential and optimized allocation that derives from suitability modeling. The researched area was Žumberak- Samoborsko gorje Nature Park, one of the youngest Croatian nature parks. As such, it should have a physical plan of the special features areas, in order to know its potential and limitations. There is no such plan yet, so protection measures and development is relinquished to cities and municipalities, within whose territory the Park is situated. One of the municipalities is Ozalj, and it is used in the paper as an example for the analysis of physical planning approach for Žumberak- Samoborsko gorje Nature Park. By the survey of Physical plan of Ozalj municipality, a random selection was used to choose one activity that was planned in the area and for that activity dual spatial analysis was created. It included spatial attractiveness and vulnerability analysis. The results of the analysis have shown whether, in addition to spatial attractiveness criteria, spatial vulnerability criteria was taken into consideration when deciding on the location for the winter sports center. The analysis has also shown whether the Physical plan was in favor of the municipality development or was the fact that it is a Nature Park, designed as the protected area of natural and cultural values, also considered relevant

Reactions with N-(1-benzotriazolylcarbonyl)-amino acids. IV. The use of N-(1-benzotriazolylcarbonyl)-amino acid derivates in peptide synthesis

The use of the 1-benzotriazolylearbonyl-(Bte)-group as an N-protecting and N-activating group in the synthesis of peptides was investigated. Removal of the Btc group from N-Btc-amino acids, their esters and amides under acidic conditions is possible, but has no advantages over removal of benzyloxyearbonyl-(Z)-group. N-Btc-amino acid esters react with Z-amino acids or Z-dipeptides yielding Z-dipeptide and Z-tripeptide esters, respcetively. This process is aceompanied with separation of benzotriazole and C02. Advantages and disadvantages of this method of peptide bond formation are discussed

Reaktionen mit N-(1- Benzotriazolylcarbonyl)-aminosauren.III Synthese von Aminosaure-estern

N-(l-Benzotriazolylcarbonyl)-aminosauren· (Ia-f) reagieren mit Alkoholen unter Abspaltung von Benzotriazol und Kohlendioxid zu den entsprechenden Aminosaure-Estern. (Ila-i). Die Reaktion verlauft bei Raumtemperatur und wird durch Zugabe von Triethylamin beschleunigt

Landscape Values: Predefined or Extrinsic?

The paper addresses the issue of the source of landscape value attributed to protection. Besides the usual exception to the rule, it is believed that intrinsic or predefined values are still firmly entrenched in landscape planning practice, whereas at the pedagogic level of the discipline there is a shift towards extrinsic values. The underlying premise of the paper is that evaluation of natural systems based on predefined values makes consent between developmental and conservational interests impossible. Consent is perceived as the mechanism to fulfil a key principle “as least as reasonably achievable”, ALARA, in both aspects of landscape planning. The research focuses on the stage of planning process that enables spatial data transformation into suitability maps that represent or externalise extrinsic landscape values. The paper will begin by brief outline of two fundamentally different value categories. The results of suitability analyses i.e. value systems detected and a reflections or consequences in land use decisions concerning some past and present policies in Croatia will be discussed next. By extension, the “extrinsic vs. predefined landscape value” dispute will be argued especially concerning those elements that invoke difficulties while generating and/or linking the concepts of evaluation models. The paper will finally acknowledge an optimization planning instrument as a mode to cope with two value systems

Landscape Evaluation and Public Preferences: Is there Room for Optimisation?

The need for information on landscape value preferences (that are disclosed by public survey) in conservation activities within spatial planning have been recognised long ago. The paper focuses in general on that topic, specifically highlighting the importance of diverse conservation criteria that promote the idea of effective implementation of public participation in the earliest stage of the planning process - the analytical phase of landscape evaluation. The environmental qualities that the landscape planner should take into account include unpolluted landscape as human habitat, productivity of natural resources and the naturalness of ecosystem. The public survey and support tools (statistical analysis and vulnerability modelling) were used as methods for revealing landscape value preferences of three social groups: local inhabitants, experts (people directly involved in a land use planning process) and potential users of a space. The results have shown that conservation goals or desired future state of a landscape considerably differs between and within respondent groups. This also makes it possible to look for an acceptable compromise between the three distinctive conservational requests, thus allowing optimizations of a land use decision

Wertvorstellungen in der Öffentlichkeit zur Landschaftsgestaltung – Das Beispiel kroatischer Flusslandschaften

The paper is premised on the idea that since environmental decisions are concerned with establishing rules over the sustainable use of land, water and air, such decisions should embrace substantial input from the general public: participatory environmental decision-making can improve the quality of decisions made. The paper therefore draws on the importance of perceiving the relationship between conservational requests (expressed as the social goals) and the search for the possibilities to fulfil these requests (as the professional task to be solved). The study is intended as an inquiry into possible differences in opinion or perception between three different social groups defined in relation to the tested landscape – the area of the Mura and Drava rivers confluence: the space users, people professionally connected to the area and the potential users. The public survey was employed to gain a new insight into the issues of possible differences in public preferences towards landscape identity, and the perception these groups have of the Croatian participatory spatial decision-making process. The results have shown that it is necessary to deploy the value system people attach to landscape in the evaluation phase of environmental planning and that there is room for such a need within the spatial decision-making process based on the sustainability paradigm.U radu se polazi od pretpostavke da prilikom donošenja odluka o okolišu koje se odnose na uspostavu zahtjeva da održivu upotrebu i namjenu sastavnica okoliša (ozemlja, voda i zraka) treba uključiti u vrijednosni sustav šire javnosti prema okolišu, i to zato što takve informacije mogu pridonijeti kvaliteti stručnih odluka. Rad obrađuje problematiku isticanja važnosti odnosa: zahtjevâ za zaštitu kvaliteta krajobraza (što je društveni cilj) i mogućnosti za ostvarivanje tih istih zahtjevâ (što je stručni zadatak u okolišnom planiranju). Predstavljeno istraživanje ima cilj utvrditi razlike u mišljenju i stavovima društvenih skupina o pitanjima (1) prepoznatljivosti riječnoga krajobraza; (2) potrebi za sudjelovanjem u procesu donošenja prostornih odluka u vezi s okolišem. Anketnim istraživanjem obuhvaćeni su stalni korisnici istraživanoga prostora (lokalno stanovništvo područja ušća rijeke Mure u rijeku Dravu) te potencijalni korisnici (stručnjaci s područja zaštite, planiranja i upravljanja riječnim krajobrazom; gradsko stanovništvo). Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na to da se participativna narav planerskoga postupka koji ima zadaću riješiti određeni razvojno-zaštitni problem ogleda u količini i vrsti ulaznih informacija dobivenih od laičke javnosti. Potrebnost tih informacija za pripremu i oblikovanje kriterija vrednovanja krajobraza potvrđena je željom grupa ispitanika da se aktivnije uključe u proces donošenja prostornih odluka o okolišu.Der Ausgangspunkt dieser Arbeit ist die These, dass bei Verfügungen zur Landschaftsgestaltung, die bei der Zweckbestimmung einzelner landschaftlicher Komponenten (Boden, Luft und Wasser) der Forderung nach Nachhaltigkeit Rechnung tragen, auch diesbezügliche in der Öffentlichkeit bestehende Wertvorstellungen mit einbezogen werden sollten, da dies nach Ansicht der Autorin die Qualität der Entscheidungen steigern würde. Untersucht wird die Problematik eines äußerst wichtigen Bezuges: der Forderung nach Landschaftsschutz (als gesellschaftlich relevanten Zieles) und der Voraussetzungen zur Erfüllung dieser Forderung (als wichtiger Aufgabe bei der Landschaftsplanung). Die hier präsentierte Untersuchung soll ermitteln, worin sich die Meinungen verschiedener gesellschaftlicher Gruppen unterscheiden, wenn es um die Problempunkte (1) Visuelle Identität von Flusslandschaften und (2) Teilnahme an Entscheidungen zur Landschaftsgestaltung geht. An der Meinungsumfrage nahmen die Bewohner eines untersuchten landschaftlichen Raumes teil (die Lokalbevölkerung des Einzugsbereiches des Zusammenflusses von Murr und Drau) sowie potenzielle Nutzer und Besucher (Fachkräfte aus dem Bereich des Landschaftsschutzes, der Landschaftsplanung und -verwaltung; Vertreter der Stadtbevölkerung). Die Umfrageergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass Landschaftsplanung, die auf die Einbeziehung des von der Öffentlichkeit mehrheitlich getragenen Wertesystems angelegt ist, sich auszeichnet durch eine bestimmte Art und Menge von Informationen aus Laienkreisen. Der Bedarf nach solchen Informationen, um Kriterien zur Landschaftsbewertung zu erarbeiten, bestätigt sich in der Absicht der Umfrageteilnehmer, sich aktiver am Prozess der Entscheidungsfindung in der Landschaftsgestaltung zu beteiligen

Helminths in the mammalian lungs: migration strategies and pathology

This bachelor thesis summarizes the knowledge about the migration strategies of medically important pulmonary helminths and their laboratory models and describes the pulmonary pathology caused by these helminths. Helminths typically enter the lungs within hours or days after infection and often migrate from the lungs to other body organs. Certain species migrate through the lungs intravascularly (schistosome larvae and in certain cases filarial larvae), but others enter the lung parenchyma directly (roundworm larvae, Strongyloides hookworms, adults of Paragonimus flukes, and the metacestode of the tapeworm Echinococcus) or colonise the pleural cavity (adults of Litomosoides sigmodontis and young adults of Paragonimus flukes). This, together with the time spent in the lungs, influences the pathology caused. During this time, mechanical damage to the lung tissue, granuloma formation, infiltration of immune cells, emphysema formation, remodelling of lung tissue and blood vessels, and more can occur. Excretory secretory products of helminths contribute significantly to the pathology, which, among other things, are used as a tool to modulate host immunity and shape the migratory pathway through the lungs. This topic is of particular importance in terms of elucidating the pulmonary processes that are...Tato bakalářská práce shrnuje poznatky o migračních strategiích medicínsky významných plicních helmintů a jejich laboratorních modelů a dále popisuje plicní patologii, kterou tito helminti způsobují. Helminti se do plic dostanou zpravidla během několika hodin či dnů po infekci a často z nich migrují do dalších tělních orgánů. Některé druhy migrují skrz plíce intravaskulárně (larvy schistosom a v některých případech larvy filárií), jiné se však dostávají přímo do plicního parenchymu (larvy škrkavek, měchovců a hlístic rodu Strongyloides, dospělci motolic rodu Paragonimus a metacestoda tasemnice Echinococcus) anebo osidlují pleurální dutinu (dospělci Litomosoides sigmodontis a mladí dospělí motolic rodu Paragonimus). To má spolu s dobou, kterou v plicích stráví, vliv na působenou patologii. Během té může docházet k mechanickému poškození plicní tkáně, tvorbě granulomů a infiltraci imunitních buněk, tvorbě emfyzému, remodelaci plicní tkáně a cév a další. K patologii významně přispívají exkrečně sekreční produkty helmintů, které mimo jiné používají jako nástroj k modulaci imunity hostitele a formování migrační cesty skrz plíce. Tohle téma má zvláštní význam z hlediska objasnění plicních dějů, které jsou ovlivňovány migrací helmintů v plicích savců a jejichž řešení může přinést významný přínos v léčbě...Katedra parazitologieDepartment of ParasitologyFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult