Sample bias, weights and efficiency of weights in a continuous web voluntary survey

Using micro data from a continuous voluntary web survey, the Wage Indicator, the paper analyses the type of bias that such a sampling method produces and discusses a methodology to weight the data in order to correct such bias and make it possible to run analyses to obtain results and conclusions applicable to the whole population. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the weighting methodology to solve the potential sample bias of web surveys, the results are confronted with those obtained from an alternative standard labour survey dealing with the same issues. Since the Wage Indicator is a survey oriented to labour market issues, we considered that a labour market case study was most appropriate for the evaluation of the results. The method of evaluation followed is to calculate mean salaries, inequality indexes and salary regressions before and after implementing the weights using the Wage Indicator Survey data for Spain. The results are compared with those reached using the Structure of Earnings Survey, a wage survey run by the Spanish Statistical Institute

Global Antifungal Profile Optimization of Chlorophenyl Derivatives against Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Twenty-two aromatic derivatives bearing a chlorine atom and a different chain in the para or meta position were prepared and evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The results showed that maximum inhibition of the growth of these fungi was exhibited for enantiomers S and R of 1-(40-chlorophenyl)- 2-phenylethanol (3 and 4). Furthermore, their antifungal activity showed a clear structure-activity relationship (SAR) trend confirming the importance of the benzyl hydroxyl group in the inhibitory mechanism of the compounds studied. Additionally, a multiobjective optimization study of the global antifungal profile of chlorophenyl derivatives was conducted in order to establish a rational strategy for the filtering of new fungicide candidates from combinatorial libraries. The MOOPDESIRE methodology was used for this purpose providing reliable ranking models that can be used later

Design Rules for Self-Assembly of 2D Nanocrystal/Metal-Organic Framework Superstructures.

We demonstrate the guiding principles behind simple two dimensional self-assembly of MOF nanoparticles (NPs) and oleic acid capped iron oxide (Fe3 O4 ) NCs into a uniform two-dimensional bi-layered superstructure. This self-assembly process can be controlled by the energy of ligand-ligand interactions between surface ligands on Fe3 O4 NCs and Zr6 O4 (OH)4 (fumarate)6 MOF NPs. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and TEM tomography confirm the hierarchical co-assembly of Fe3 O4 NCs with MOF NPs as ligand energies are manipulated to promote facile diffusion of the smaller NCs. First-principles calculations and event-driven molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the observed patterns are dictated by combination of ligand-surface and ligand-ligand interactions. This study opens a new avenue for design and self-assembly of MOFs and NCs into high surface area assemblies, mimicking the structure of supported catalyst architectures, and provides a thorough fundamental understanding of the self-assembly process, which could be a guide for designing functional materials with desired structure

Encoding multistate charge order and chirality in endotaxial heterostructures

Intrinsic resistivity changes associated with charge density wave (CDW) phase transitions in 1T-TaS$_2$ hold promise for non-volatile memory and computing devices based on the principle of phase change memory (PCM). High-density PCM storage is proposed for materials with multiple intermediate resistance states, which have been observed in 1T-TaS$_2$. However, the metastability responsible for this behavior makes the presence of multistate switching unpredictable in 1T-TaS$_2$ devices. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of nanothick verti-lateral 1H-TaS$_2$/1T-TaS$_2$ heterostructures in which the number of endotaxial metallic 1H-TaS$_2$ monolayers dictates the number of high-temperature resistance transitions in 1T-TaS$_2$ lamellae. Further, we also observe optically active heterochirality in the CDW superlattice structure, which is modulated in concert with the resistivity steps. This thermally-induced polytype conversion nucleates at folds and kinks where interlayer translations that relax local strain favorably align 1H and 1T layers. This work positions endotaxial TaS$_2$ heterostructures as prime candidates for non-volatile device schemes implementing coupled switching of structure, chirality, and resistance

Raman spectroscopy analysis of Paleolithic industry from Guadalteba terrace river, Campillos (Guadalteba county, Southern of Iberian Peninsula)

Artículo sobre la aplicación de la espectroscopía ramán a los materiales de la terraza fluvial del Río Guadalteba, en Campillos

Gravitational Waves From Known Pulsars: Results From The Initial Detector Era

We present the results of searches for gravitational waves from a large selection of pulsars using data from the most recent science runs (S6, VSR2 and VSR4) of the initial generation of interferometric gravitational wave detectors LIGO (Laser Interferometric Gravitational-wave Observatory) and Virgo. We do not see evidence for gravitational wave emission from any of the targeted sources but produce upper limits on the emission amplitude. We highlight the results from seven young pulsars with large spin-down luminosities. We reach within a factor of five of the canonical spin-down limit for all seven of these, whilst for the Crab and Vela pulsars we further surpass their spin-down limits. We present new or updated limits for 172 other pulsars (including both young and millisecond pulsars). Now that the detectors are undergoing major upgrades, and, for completeness, we bring together all of the most up-to-date results from all pulsars searched for during the operations of the first-generation LIGO, Virgo and GEO600 detectors. This gives a total of 195 pulsars including the most recent results described in this paper.United States National Science FoundationScience and Technology Facilities Council of the United KingdomMax-Planck-SocietyState of Niedersachsen/GermanyAustralian Research CouncilInternational Science Linkages program of the Commonwealth of AustraliaCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research of IndiaIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare of ItalySpanish Ministerio de Economia y CompetitividadConselleria d'Economia Hisenda i Innovacio of the Govern de les Illes BalearsNetherlands Organisation for Scientific ResearchPolish Ministry of Science and Higher EducationFOCUS Programme of Foundation for Polish ScienceRoyal SocietyScottish Funding CouncilScottish Universities Physics AllianceNational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationOTKA of HungaryLyon Institute of Origins (LIO)National Research Foundation of KoreaIndustry CanadaProvince of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and InnovationNational Science and Engineering Research Council CanadaCarnegie TrustLeverhulme TrustDavid and Lucile Packard FoundationResearch CorporationAlfred P. Sloan FoundationAstronom