Закон України «Про позашкільну освіту» (витяг)

All around the world, paleovalley systems have trapped great amounts of deposits and hold a quite complete Late Quaternary record. Uniquely, these records directly interlink the shelf marine with the hinterland fluvial realms. In the vicinity of ice sheets, in similar ways, paleovalleys interlink the glacial record with the non-glacial domain. Considerable advances have been made in their study over the past decades, and many case well-dated and well-mapped case studies are now available. The means for comparison of records from older glacials and interglacials with that of the youngest ones have also improved. To further improve our understanding of the paleovalley systems, it is timely to start to intercompare the many cases at the new obtained resolutions. This is a correlation exercise in which we can make use of our established chronologies, sea-level histories, sedimentary evolution, human impact history and what is more. This is not just needed for the paleovalley system research itself, but also to unlock the records from the lower reaches of rivers and of deltas, estuaries and shelf areas for global research questions (climate responses and feedbacks, sediment fluxes, chronostratigraphy). This session introduction will give a quick tour around a series of events holding large correlation potential, via downstream and via upstream controls. E.g. the recording of transgression and high stand in the Last Interglacial and the Holocene, of regressions and low stands in the Last Glacial and earlier, of sustained climatic amelioration and deterioration at Milanković-scales, of shorter-lived events. Some of these correlation targets will work better than others, and case-to-case differences in performance are expected, as the presentations and discussions in the further session hopefully will sho

Corrigendum: Pleistocene Rhine–Thames landscapes: geological background for hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region

This paper links research questions in Quaternary geology with those in Palaeolithic archaeology. A detailed geological reconstruction of The Netherlands' south-west offshore area provides a stratigraphical context for archaeological and palaeontological finds. Progressive environmental developments have left a strong imprint on the area’s Palaeolithic record. We highlight aspects of landscape evolution and related taphonomical changes, visualized in maps for critical periods of the Pleistocene in the wider southern North Sea region. The Middle Pleistocene record is divided into two palaeogeographical stages: the pre-Anglian/Elsterian stage, during which a wide land bridge existed between England and Belgium even during marine highstands; and the Anglian/Elsterian to Saalian interglacial, with a narrower land bridge, lowered by proglacial erosion but not yet fully eroded. The Late Pleistocene landscape was very different, with the land bridge fully dissected by an axial Rhine–Thames valley, eroded deep enough to fully connect the English Channel and the North Sea during periods of highstand. This tripartite staging implies great differences in (i) possible migration routes of herds of herbivores as well as hominins preying upon them, (ii) the erosion base of axial and tributary rivers causing an increase in the availability of flint raw materials and (iii) conditions for loess accumulation in northern France and Belgium and the resulting preservation of Middle Palaeolithic sites

Quaternay geological landscape evolution across borders: linking the Scheldt to Rhine-Thames Land

This poster presents paleogeographical scenario maps for the southwestern North Sea Basin, where onshore and offshore territories of Belgium, The Netherlands, France and England meet. Originally prepared and published as a backdrop for paleolithical geoarcheological research (Hijma et al. 2012; JQS), we are now expanding this with fieldwork in NW Belgium. NW Belgium is a key area to resolve current debates on the timing and rates of erosion and landscape change in this area over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. With the Thames Estuary, it shares a history of drastic river valley network reconfigurations between successive glacials in the youngest 500,000 years. With the SW Netherlands it shares the sea level rise history in Eemian and Holocene. With NW France and SE England, it shares the river incision history that accelerates and changes in position with the opening of the Strait of Dover in the last 500,000 years. What are regionally separated issues in surrounding countries, comes together and superimposes in the Belgian Quaternary record. Our fieldwork aims at logging and sampling for a long-term landscape erosion studies, progressively over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles, and for generic regional quaternary geological mapping and dating

Sedimentary architecture and landforms of the late Saalian (MIS 6) ice sheet margin offshore of the Netherlands

Reconstructing the growth and decay of palaeo-ice sheets is critical to understanding the relationships between global climate and sea-level change and to testing numerical ice sheet models. In this study, we integrate recently acquired high-resolution 2D seismic reflection and borehole datasets from two wind-farm sites offshore of the Netherlands to investigate the sedimentary, geomorphological, and glaciotectonic records left by the Saalian Drenthe substage glaciation, when Scandinavian land ice reached its southernmost extent in the southern North Sea (ca. 160 ka, Marine Isotope Stage 6). A complex assemblage of glaciogenic sediments and glaciotectonic structures is buried in the shallow subsurface. The northern wind-farm site revealed a set of NE–SW-oriented subglacial meltwater channels filled with till and glaciofluvial sediments and an E–W-trending composite ridge with local evidence of intense glaciotectonic deformation that denotes the maximum limit reached by the ice. Based on the identified glacial geomorphology, we refine the mapping of the maximum ice sheet extent offshore, revealing that the ice margin morphology is more complex than previously envisaged and displaying a lobate shape. Ice retreat left an unusual paraglacial landscape characterised by the progressive infilling of topographic depressions carved by ice-driven erosion and a diffuse drainage network of outwash channels. The net direction of outwash was to the west and southwest into a nearby glacial basin. We demonstrate the utility of offshore wind-farm data as records of process–form relationships preserved in buried landscapes, which can be utilised in refining palaeo-ice sheet margins and informing longer-term drivers of change in low-relief settings

Еволюція топоформанта -щина в слов’янських мовах та його рефлекси в реґіональній історичній ойконімії

У статті автор на широкому географічно-історичному тлі простежує еволюцію топоформанта -щина в слов'янській топонімії детально аналізує рефлекси цього суфікса в реґіональній історичній ойконімії на прикладі дев'яти назв (і 12-ти мікроойконімних варіантів) населених пунктів Галицької та Львівської земель Руського воєводства із подальшим встановленням їхньої етимологи.В статье автор на широком географическо-историческом фоне прослеживает эволюцию топонимического форманта -щина в славянской топонимии детально анализирует рефлексы этого суффикса в региональной исторической ойконимии на примере девяти названий (с 12-ю микроойконимными вариантами) населенных пунктов Галицкой и Львовской земель Русского воеводства с последующим установлением их этимологии.The author traces the evolution of topoformant -schyna on the basis of historical and geographical studies in Slavic Toponymy. Reflexes of the suffix are analyzed in regional historical oykonymy in 12 toponyms (and their 12 microokonymic variants) of villages and towns of Halych and Lviv Lands of Ruske Woyewodstwo. Their etymology is also analysed

Lithological, grain-size and architectural trends in the holocene Rhine-Meuse delta-insights from 3D voxel models

TNO Geological Survey of the Netherlands systematically produces 3D voxel models for answering subsurface related questions. The unique combination of vast amounts of borehole data and the voxelbased approach makes the models valuable new sources for exploring the Quaternary fluvial record. The latest generation of 3D voxel models (GeoTOP) schematises the shallow subsurface of the Netherlands in millions of voxels each measuring 100 by 100 by 0.5 m up to a depth of 50 m below sea level. The GeoTOP model was used to perform a 3D spatial trend analysis on channel belt lithology, sand grain-size and architectural characteristics in the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta. An analysis of the coarse-sand and fine-sand fractions shows clear spatial trends that relate to downstream changes in gradient, reworking of older sediments and tidal influence. Channel deposit proportions show an almost linear downstream decrease with an average value of about 0.5% per km. Our data can act as an important constraint for hydrocarbon reservoir modelling where this type of information is often only sparsely available

Validating post IR-IRSL dating on K-feldspars through comparison with quartz OSL ages

Recent developments have opened up the possibilities of using potassium feldspar for dating Pleistocene sediments; a stable (less-fading) part of the infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) signal can be selected by largely depleting the unstable part of the IR signal, using a combination of thermal and IR stimulation: post IR-IRSL dating (pIR-IRSL).This study aims to test the validity of pIR-IRSL dating on feldspars. We obtained pIR-IRSL ages on a large suite of samples from several locations in the Netherlands area, covering a wide range of depositional environments and ages. Age control was provided by quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages on the same samples; these ages were shown to accord with geological age constraints. Comparison with IRSL ages enabled us to evaluate the improvement that pIR-IRSL dating provides over conventional IRSL methods.The majority of feldspar ages obtained with pIR-IRSL showed good agreement with both the quartz OSL ages and the geological age constraints. Our study demonstrates that pIR-IRSL dating is more robust than conventional IRSL and should be the method of choice in feldspar luminescence dating of Pleistocene sediments.</p

Organic-facies determination: a key for understanding facies distribution in the basal peat layer of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse Delta, the Netherlands

Peat and gyttja (organic lake sediment) are important indicators for past environmental conditions; they form in areas where the supply of clastic sediment is insufficient to fill the accommodation space. Previous studies of delta sediments, however, have focused mainly on clastic deposits, whereas organics have received only minimal attention. Identification of organic facies can be of value for understanding delta formation as it provides insight into, for example, palaeoenvironmental conditions and compaction susceptibility of these layers. Currently, however, field characteristics of organics are not welldocumented for the full range of facies present in delta plains. In this study, a field method – a classification key – for identifying organic facies in delta plains was developed based on concisely described organic facies in selected cores from the Rhine-Meuse delta, The Netherlands. This method was tested on archived borehole descriptions of the diachronous basal peat layer in the distal Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta; this was done by means of a semi-automated procedure to select and classify samples from a database. The resulting data set was used for mapping organic facies in the basal peat layer by means of indicator kriging and inverse distance weighting. The resulting facies distribution map shows consistent and geologically meaningful patterns, which were interpreted in terms of hydrological regimes. The formation of the basal peat layer, which marks the onset of Holocene aggradation, has been controlled by marinedominated, fluvial-dominated and seepage-dominated environments. Before 9000 cal yr bp, marine processes influenced the initial stage of organic accumulation in the western part of The Netherlands. After 9000 cal yr bp, on the flanks of topographical higher regions, seepage-dominated mesotrophic organic facies characterized the onset of accumulation. Simultaneously, nutrient-rich organic facies could develop in the Rhine-Meuse valley: gyttja formed in the sediment-limited Meuse realm, whereas reed peat accumulated in the Rhine realm, indicating lower water depths and thus a higher elevated surface level. It is concluded that the classification key for identifying organic facies is a strong tool to better recognize peat and gyttja types on the basis of macroscopic field characteristics. Application of the key on archived boreholes also proved to be feasible. Identification of organic facies and determination of their spatial distribution at delta scale, as is shown in this study, contributes to understanding delta evolution