41 research outputs found

    Results of Studying the Efficiency of Chemical Measures Against Weed Vegetation in Sunflower Crops

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    This study identified the most effective methods for protecting sunflowers from weeds through the treatment of crops with the herbicides Euro Lightning, Euro Lightning Plus and Express. These options provided substantial protection of sunflowers from weeds such as the cursed thistle, field bindweed, yellow bristle grass, field mustard, frost blite and redroot pigweed. In the fight against ragweed, the herbicides Euro Lightning and Euro Lightning Plus provided excellent action and the herbicide Express provided good results. Variants with the use of the soil herbicides Gezagard and Gardo Gold suppressed yellow bristle grass, field mustard and frost blite, and satisfactorily protected against redroot pigweed. However, they were ineffective against perennial species of weeds (cursed thistle and field bindweed) and ragweed growing in the experimental area. The application of soil herbicides did not influence the growth of sunflower broomrape and plots. The use of the herbicides Euro Lightning and Express helped to reduce the contamination of crops with this type of weed. When processing crops with the herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus, this type of weed was completely absent. Statistical processing of crop data showed a difference in yield in the studied variants. Carrying out weed control measures significantly increased the yield of sunflowers in comparison to control options (without treatment). There was a significant difference in the yield of oilseeds when herbicides intended for application on vegetating plants (Euro Lightning and Express) were used, compared to when the variants of soil herbicides Gezagard and Gardo Gold were used. Keywords: sunflower, weed plants, herbicides, oilseed productivit

    To the question of production of pectin from beet pulp

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    Since at present their needs for pectin confectionery and pharmaceutical enterprises in Russia is satisfied only in part, because of the import of this product, the problem is currently the domestic production of pectin is very urgent. Sugar production is one of the branches materialconsuming industrial production, requiring a significant amount of raw materials per unit of output. A positive feature of beet raw material is that protopectin content of up to 98% of the total amount of pectin, which makes the extraction process parameters of the desired product. Dried beet pulp coming from the warehouse, is ground for the intensification of the processes of extraction of pectin; further pulp is hydrolyzed; the resulting mixture is sent to a filter press for coarse and fine purification of the extract. Hydrolyse pulp after neutralization fed to cattle feed. The extract was fed to a thin filter cleaning. After purification, the extract fed to precipitate pectin. Then it is crushed, cleaned and dried. The dried pectin packaged and sent to storage. The proposed technological scheme will allow to receive beet pectin, satisfying the requirements of the pectin substances of food and medical supplies. Studies have been conducted to obtain pectin from dried pulp. The resulting pectin organoleptic had a gray tint, which have a negative effect on the quality of the product. The pulp used as a raw material, which is dried by means of flue gases. For comparison was obtained pectin from dried beet pulp, as a coolant which use steam. Pectin is derived from such a pulp had higher quality indicators

    Development Prospects for Criminal Law of the Russian Federation

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    Π’ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ основныС направлСния ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π Π€, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π² условиях ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ трансформации. Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ содСрТит Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° Π Π€, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ приводится авторскоС осмыслСниС Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ развития ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π Π€.This article is concerned to the main trends of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, acting under conditions of social transformation. The article analyzes the positions of the leading scientists of the criminal law of the Russian Federation; also it contains the authors interpretation of criminal law development trends of Russia

    ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ стандарты Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² прСступлСний Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Π΅ нСнависти ΠΈ ст. 282 УК Π Π€ Β«Π’ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ нСнависти ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹, Π° Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ чСловСчСского достоинства»

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    The conformity of the Russian criminal law, including Art. 282 Incitement of Hatred and Enmity, as well as Humiliation of Human Dignity of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation, to the norms of international law has always been under the close scrutiny not only of the scientific community, but also of the European Court of Human Rights. The formulation of the disposition of this article was admonished in the scientific literature and was criticized for the uncertainty of its content, which violates the freedom of expression and other constitutional rights. This publication makes comparison of the disposition of the criminal law norm on the incitement of hatred and enmity, as well as the humiliation of human dignity, in the Russian criminal code and the recommendations for the development of legislation against hate crimes prepared by experts of the UN Human Rights Council and the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. As a result of analysis of the provisions reflecting international standards for the development of legislation of this kind, objective and subjective elements of corpus delicti under Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the paper gives the author’s assessment of the degree of implementation of the recommendations of the UN and European Union experts in the criminal law of the Russian Federation. It also suggests that the construction features of the considered norm of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are not defects of lawmaking, but are generated by the action of permissible factors: the level of the social and economic development of the Russian Federation, the tradition of legal technique, the continuity of the provisions of the criminal lawБоотвСтствиС российского ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ст. 282 УК Π Π€ Β«Π’ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅- нависти ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹, Π° Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ чСловСчСского достоинства», Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄- Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° всСгда Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ общСствСнности, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ЕвропСйского суда ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°ΠΌ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π€ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° диспозиции этой ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€- галась замСчаниям Π² Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»Π° ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ Π² части нСопрСдСлСнности Π΅Π΅ содСрТания, Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ свободу выраТСния ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ конституционныС ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°. Π’ настоящСй ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ сопоставлСниС диспозиции ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ рос- сийского ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ нСнависти ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹, Π° Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‡Π΅- ского достоинства, ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² прСступлСний Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Π΅ нСнависти, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… экспСртами Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°ΠΌ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ООН ΠΈ Π‘ΡŽΡ€ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ дСмократичСским институтам ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°ΠΌ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠžΠ‘Π‘Π•. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ стандарты Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°- ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² состава прСступлСния, прСдусмотрСнного ст. 282 УК Π Π€, Π΄Π°Π½Π° авторская ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° стСпСни Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°- ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π Π€ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ спСциалистов ООН ΠΈ ЕвропСйского союза, высказано суТдСниС ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ особСнности конструирования рассматриваСмой Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ УК Π Π€ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ правотворчСства, Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ дСйствиСм допустимых Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²: ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-эко- номичСского развития Π Π€, Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡŽΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΅ΠΌΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½

    Π‘ΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ прСступлСний экстрСмистской направлСнности, прСдусмотрСнных ст.ст. 280 ΠΈ 282 УК Π Π€, ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° (ст. 354.1 УК Π Π€)

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    The problem of correlation between extremist crimes under Articles 280 and 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and rehabilitation of Nazism within the doctrine of criminal law and legal practice is not confined solely to the competition of different provisions of criminal law. The present work makes conclusions and formulates proposals on the application of criminal law on the basis of legal analysis of corpus delicti of the said crimes and provisions of the crime qualification theory. Unlike rehabilitation of Nazism, incitement as inducement influencing particular behaviour being a mandatory feature of the objective side of crime under Article 280 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, requires that a law practitioner has a qualification for the aggregate crime foreseen by Articles 280 and 354.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. For the correct application of the law, when features of crimes foreseen by Articles 282 and 354.1 of the Criminal Code are found simultaneously in a certain act, it is necessary, taking the psychological concept of denial and approval into account, to consider the categoricity degree of the opposite judgement of the facts and crimes established by the Verdict of the International Military Tribunal for the trial and punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis countries, as well as the substantiality of public criticism of the decisions of the Nuremberg Tribunal and the USSR activities during the Second World war on the basis of the subject’s gender, social, racial, ethnic, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religionРСшСниС вопроса Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ прСступлСний экстрСмистской направлСнности, прСдусмотрСнных ст.ст. 280 ΠΈ 282 УК Π Π€, ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ сводится ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ. На основС ΡŽΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² состава рассматриваСмых прСступлСний ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ прСступлСний сдСланы Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ сформулированы прСдлоТСния ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°. НаличиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ воздСйствия, ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ повСдСнию, Π² качСствС ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны прСступлСния Π² ст. 280 УК Π Π€, Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ правопримСнитСля ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ совокупности прСступлСний, прСдусмотрСнных ст.ст. 280 ΠΈ 354.1 УК Π Π€. Для ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ примСнСния Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ Π² дСянии ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² прСступлСний, прСдусмотрСнных ст.ст. 282 ΠΈ 354.1 УК Π Π€, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π² соотвСтствии с понятиСм отрицания ΠΈ одобрСния Π² психологичСской сфСрС ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒ катСгоричности ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ прСступлСний, установлСнных ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΠ½Π°Π»Π° для суда ΠΈ наказания Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… прСступников СвропСйских стран оси, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ основания ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΡŽΡ€Π½Π±Π΅Ρ€Π³ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π  Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π’Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΡƒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, расовой, Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ языковой принадлСТности ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ

    ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ стандарты Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² прСступлСний Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Π΅ нСнависти ΠΈ ст. 282 УК Π Π€ Β«Π’ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ нСнависти ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹, Π° Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ чСловСчСского достоинства»

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    The conformity of the Russian criminal law, including Art. 282 Incitement of Hatred and Enmity, as well as Humiliation of Human Dignity of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation, to the norms of international law has always been under the close scrutiny not only of the scientific community, but also of the European Court of Human Rights. The formulation of the disposition of this article was admonished in the scientific literature and was criticized for the uncertainty of its content, which violates the freedom of expression and other constitutional rights. This publication makes comparison of the disposition of the criminal law norm on the incitement of hatred and enmity, as well as the humiliation of human dignity, in the Russian criminal code and the recommendations for the development of legislation against hate crimes prepared by experts of the UN Human Rights Council and the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. As a result of analysis of the provisions reflecting international standards for the development of legislation of this kind, objective and subjective elements of corpus delicti under Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the paper gives the author’s assessment of the degree of implementation of the recommendations of the UN and European Union experts in the criminal law of the Russian Federation. It also suggests that the construction features of the considered norm of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are not defects of lawmaking, but are generated by the action of permissible factors: the level of the social and economic development of the Russian Federation, the tradition of legal technique, the continuity of the provisions of the criminal lawБоотвСтствиС российского ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ст. 282 УК Π Π€ Β«Π’ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅- нависти ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹, Π° Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ чСловСчСского достоинства», Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄- Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° всСгда Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ общСствСнности, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ЕвропСйского суда ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°ΠΌ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π€ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° диспозиции этой ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ€- галась замСчаниям Π² Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»Π° ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ Π² части нСопрСдСлСнности Π΅Π΅ содСрТания, Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ свободу выраТСния ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ конституционныС ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°. Π’ настоящСй ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ сопоставлСниС диспозиции ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ рос- сийского ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ нСнависти ΠΈ Π²Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹, Π° Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‡Π΅- ского достоинства, ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² прСступлСний Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Π΅ нСнависти, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… экспСртами Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°ΠΌ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ООН ΠΈ Π‘ΡŽΡ€ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ дСмократичСским институтам ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°ΠΌ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠžΠ‘Π‘Π•. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ стандарты Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°- ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² состава прСступлСния, прСдусмотрСнного ст. 282 УК Π Π€, Π΄Π°Π½Π° авторская ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° стСпСни Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°- ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π Π€ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ спСциалистов ООН ΠΈ ЕвропСйского союза, высказано суТдСниС ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ особСнности конструирования рассматриваСмой Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ УК Π Π€ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ правотворчСства, Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ дСйствиСм допустимых Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²: ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-эко- номичСского развития Π Π€, Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡŽΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΅ΠΌΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½

    Π‘ΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ прСступлСний экстрСмистской направлСнности, прСдусмотрСнных ст.ст. 280 ΠΈ 282 УК Π Π€, ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° (ст. 354.1 УК Π Π€)

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    The problem of correlation between extremist crimes under Articles 280 and 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and rehabilitation of Nazism within the doctrine of criminal law and legal practice is not confined solely to the competition of different provisions of criminal law. The present work makes conclusions and formulates proposals on the application of criminal law on the basis of legal analysis of corpus delicti of the said crimes and provisions of the crime qualification theory. Unlike rehabilitation of Nazism, incitement as inducement influencing particular behaviour being a mandatory feature of the objective side of crime under Article 280 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, requires that a law practitioner has a qualification for the aggregate crime foreseen by Articles 280 and 354.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. For the correct application of the law, when features of crimes foreseen by Articles 282 and 354.1 of the Criminal Code are found simultaneously in a certain act, it is necessary, taking the psychological concept of denial and approval into account, to consider the categoricity degree of the opposite judgement of the facts and crimes established by the Verdict of the International Military Tribunal for the trial and punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis countries, as well as the substantiality of public criticism of the decisions of the Nuremberg Tribunal and the USSR activities during the Second World war on the basis of the subject’s gender, social, racial, ethnic, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religionРСшСниС вопроса Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ прСступлСний экстрСмистской направлСнности, прСдусмотрСнных ст.ст. 280 ΠΈ 282 УК Π Π€, ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ сводится ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ. На основС ΡŽΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² состава рассматриваСмых прСступлСний ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ прСступлСний сдСланы Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈ сформулированы прСдлоТСния ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°. НаличиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ воздСйствия, ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ повСдСнию, Π² качСствС ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны прСступлСния Π² ст. 280 УК Π Π€, Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ правопримСнитСля ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ совокупности прСступлСний, прСдусмотрСнных ст.ст. 280 ΠΈ 354.1 УК Π Π€. Для ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ примСнСния Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ Π² дСянии ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² прСступлСний, прСдусмотрСнных ст.ст. 282 ΠΈ 354.1 УК Π Π€, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π² соотвСтствии с понятиСм отрицания ΠΈ одобрСния Π² психологичСской сфСрС ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒ катСгоричности ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ прСступлСний, установлСнных ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΠ½Π°Π»Π° для суда ΠΈ наказания Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… прСступников СвропСйских стран оси, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ основания ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΡŽΡ€Π½Π±Π΅Ρ€Π³ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±ΡƒΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π  Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π’Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΡƒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, расовой, Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ языковой принадлСТности ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ
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