41 research outputs found
Results of Studying the Efficiency of Chemical Measures Against Weed Vegetation in Sunflower Crops
This study identified the most effective methods for protecting sunflowers from weeds through the treatment of crops with the herbicides Euro Lightning, Euro Lightning Plus and Express. These options provided substantial protection of sunflowers from weeds such as the cursed thistle, field bindweed, yellow bristle grass, field mustard, frost blite and redroot pigweed. In the fight against ragweed, the herbicides Euro Lightning and Euro Lightning Plus provided excellent action and the herbicide Express provided good results. Variants with the use of the soil herbicides Gezagard and Gardo Gold suppressed yellow bristle grass, field mustard and frost blite, and satisfactorily protected against redroot pigweed. However, they were ineffective against perennial species of weeds (cursed thistle and field bindweed) and ragweed growing in the experimental area. The application of soil herbicides did not influence the growth of sunflower broomrape and plots. The use of the herbicides Euro Lightning and Express helped to reduce the contamination of crops with this type of weed. When processing crops with the herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus, this type of weed was completely absent. Statistical processing of crop data showed a difference in yield in the studied variants. Carrying out weed control measures significantly increased the yield of sunflowers in comparison to control options (without treatment). There was a significant difference in the yield of oilseeds when herbicides intended for application on vegetating plants (Euro Lightning and Express) were used, compared to when the variants of soil herbicides Gezagard and Gardo Gold were used.
Keywords: sunflower, weed plants, herbicides, oilseed productivit
To the question of production of pectin from beet pulp
Since at present their needs for pectin confectionery and pharmaceutical enterprises in Russia is satisfied only in part, because of the import of this product, the problem is currently the domestic production of pectin is very urgent. Sugar production is one of the branches materialconsuming industrial production, requiring a significant amount of raw materials per unit of output. A positive feature of beet raw material is that protopectin content of up to 98% of the total amount of pectin, which makes the extraction process parameters of the desired product. Dried beet pulp coming from the warehouse, is ground for the intensification of the processes of extraction of pectin; further pulp is hydrolyzed; the resulting mixture is sent to a filter press for coarse and fine purification of the extract. Hydrolyse pulp after neutralization fed to cattle feed. The extract was fed to a thin filter cleaning. After purification, the extract fed to precipitate pectin. Then it is crushed, cleaned and dried. The dried pectin packaged and sent to storage. The proposed technological scheme will allow to receive beet pectin, satisfying the requirements of the pectin substances of food and medical supplies. Studies have been conducted to obtain pectin from dried pulp. The resulting pectin organoleptic had a gray tint, which have a negative effect on the quality of the product. The pulp used as a raw material, which is dried by means of flue gases. For comparison was obtained pectin from dried beet pulp, as a coolant which use steam. Pectin is derived from such a pulp had higher quality indicators
Development Prospects for Criminal Law of the Russian Federation
Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π Π€, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° Π Π€, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π Π€.This article is concerned to the main trends of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation,
acting under conditions of social transformation. The article analyzes the positions of the leading
scientists of the criminal law of the Russian Federation; also it contains the authors interpretation of
criminal law development trends of Russia
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡ. 282 Π£Π Π Π€ Β«ΠΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π°Β»
The conformity of the Russian criminal law, including Art. 282 Incitement of Hatred and Enmity, as well as Humiliation of Human Dignity of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation, to the norms of international law has always been under the close scrutiny not only of the scientific community, but also of the European Court of Human Rights. The formulation of the disposition of this article was admonished in the scientific literature and was criticized for the uncertainty of its content, which violates the freedom of expression and other constitutional rights.
This publication makes comparison of the disposition of the criminal law norm on the incitement of hatred and enmity, as well as the humiliation of human dignity, in the Russian criminal code and the recommendations for the development of legislation against hate crimes prepared by experts of the UN Human Rights Council and the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
As a result of analysis of the provisions reflecting international standards for the development of legislation of this kind, objective and subjective elements of corpus delicti under Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the paper gives the authorβs assessment of the degree of implementation of the recommendations of the UN and European Union experts in the criminal law of the Russian Federation. It also suggests that the construction features of the considered norm of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are not defects of lawmaking, but are generated by the action of permissible factors: the level of the social and economic development of the Russian Federation, the tradition of legal technique, the continuity of the provisions of the criminal lawΠ‘ΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡ. 282 Π£Π Π Π€ Β«ΠΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅-
Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π°Β», Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄-
Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ,
Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ-
Π³Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°.
Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡ-
ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅-
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΎ
ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΠΠ‘Π.
Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°-
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ,
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡ. 282 Π£Π Π Π€, Π΄Π°Π½Π° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°-
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π Π€ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π°, Π²ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ,
ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π£Π Π Π€ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²: ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎ-
Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π Π€, ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΅ΠΌΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½
Π‘ΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡ.ΡΡ. 280 ΠΈ 282 Π£Π Π Π€, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° (ΡΡ. 354.1 Π£Π Π Π€)
The problem of correlation between extremist crimes under Articles 280 and 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and rehabilitation of Nazism within the doctrine of criminal law and legal practice is not confined solely to the competition of different provisions of criminal law.
The present work makes conclusions and formulates proposals on the application of criminal law on the basis of legal analysis of corpus delicti of the said crimes and provisions of the crime qualification theory.
Unlike rehabilitation of Nazism, incitement as inducement influencing particular behaviour being a mandatory feature of the objective side of crime under Article 280 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, requires that a law practitioner has a qualification for the aggregate crime foreseen by Articles 280 and 354.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. For the correct application of the law, when features of crimes foreseen by Articles 282 and 354.1 of the Criminal Code are found simultaneously in a certain act, it is necessary, taking the psychological concept of denial and approval into account, to consider the categoricity degree of the opposite judgement of the facts and crimes established by the Verdict of the International Military Tribunal for the trial and punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis countries, as well as the substantiality of public criticism of the decisions of the Nuremberg Tribunal and the USSR activities during the Second World war on the basis of the subjectβs gender, social, racial, ethnic, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religionΠ Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡ.ΡΡ. 280 ΠΈ 282 Π£Π Π Π€, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΌ.
ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°.
ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡ. 280 Π£Π Π Π€, Π² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡ.ΡΡ. 280 ΠΈ 354.1 Π£Π Π Π€. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡ.ΡΡ. 282 ΠΈ 354.1 Π£Π Π Π€, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ½Π°Π»Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΎΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΡΡΠ½Π±Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡ. 282 Π£Π Π Π€ Β«ΠΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π°Β»
The conformity of the Russian criminal law, including Art. 282 Incitement of Hatred and Enmity, as well as Humiliation of Human Dignity of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation, to the norms of international law has always been under the close scrutiny not only of the scientific community, but also of the European Court of Human Rights. The formulation of the disposition of this article was admonished in the scientific literature and was criticized for the uncertainty of its content, which violates the freedom of expression and other constitutional rights.
This publication makes comparison of the disposition of the criminal law norm on the incitement of hatred and enmity, as well as the humiliation of human dignity, in the Russian criminal code and the recommendations for the development of legislation against hate crimes prepared by experts of the UN Human Rights Council and the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
As a result of analysis of the provisions reflecting international standards for the development of legislation of this kind, objective and subjective elements of corpus delicti under Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the paper gives the authorβs assessment of the degree of implementation of the recommendations of the UN and European Union experts in the criminal law of the Russian Federation. It also suggests that the construction features of the considered norm of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are not defects of lawmaking, but are generated by the action of permissible factors: the level of the social and economic development of the Russian Federation, the tradition of legal technique, the continuity of the provisions of the criminal lawΠ‘ΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡ. 282 Π£Π Π Π€ Β«ΠΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅-
Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π°Β», Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄-
Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ,
Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Ρ-
Π³Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°.
Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡ-
ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅-
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΎ
ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΠΠ‘Π.
Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°-
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ,
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡ. 282 Π£Π Π Π€, Π΄Π°Π½Π° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°-
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π Π€ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ·Π°, Π²ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ,
ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π£Π Π Π€ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²: ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎ-
Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π Π€, ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΅ΠΌΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½
Π‘ΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡ.ΡΡ. 280 ΠΈ 282 Π£Π Π Π€, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° (ΡΡ. 354.1 Π£Π Π Π€)
The problem of correlation between extremist crimes under Articles 280 and 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and rehabilitation of Nazism within the doctrine of criminal law and legal practice is not confined solely to the competition of different provisions of criminal law.
The present work makes conclusions and formulates proposals on the application of criminal law on the basis of legal analysis of corpus delicti of the said crimes and provisions of the crime qualification theory.
Unlike rehabilitation of Nazism, incitement as inducement influencing particular behaviour being a mandatory feature of the objective side of crime under Article 280 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, requires that a law practitioner has a qualification for the aggregate crime foreseen by Articles 280 and 354.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. For the correct application of the law, when features of crimes foreseen by Articles 282 and 354.1 of the Criminal Code are found simultaneously in a certain act, it is necessary, taking the psychological concept of denial and approval into account, to consider the categoricity degree of the opposite judgement of the facts and crimes established by the Verdict of the International Military Tribunal for the trial and punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis countries, as well as the substantiality of public criticism of the decisions of the Nuremberg Tribunal and the USSR activities during the Second World war on the basis of the subjectβs gender, social, racial, ethnic, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religionΠ Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡ.ΡΡ. 280 ΠΈ 282 Π£Π Π Π€, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΌ.
ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°.
ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡ. 280 Π£Π Π Π€, Π² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡ.ΡΡ. 280 ΠΈ 354.1 Π£Π Π Π€. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡ.ΡΡ. 282 ΠΈ 354.1 Π£Π Π Π€, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ½Π°Π»Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΎΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΡΡΠ½Π±Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ