Parameters of oxidative stress in saliva from patients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis

Objectives: Free radicals play an important role in the onset and progression of many diseases. The aim ofthis study was to investigate the contribution of oxidative stress in the pathology of aggressive (AgP) andchronic (CP) periodontitis and its relation with the clinical periodontal status.Methods: Eighty subjects were divided into two groups: 20 patients with AgP and 20 patients with CP withtheir 20 corresponding matched controls, based on clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth(PPD), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Saliva reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and nonenzymaticantioxidant defences were measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay, asthiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) and total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP),respectively. Pearson?s correlation and multivariate analysis were used to determine the relationshipbetween ROS and TBARs and the clinical parameters.Results: ROS and TBARs were increased in AgP while TRAP was decreased, comparing with CP. In AgP, astrong and positive correlation was observed between ROS and TBARs and they were closely associatedwith CAL and PPD.Discussion: In AgP, but not in CP, oxidative stress is a high contributor to periodontal pathology and it isclosely associated with the clinical periodontal status.Fil: Acquier, Andrea Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: de Couto Pita, Alejandra Karina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Busch, Lucila. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, Gabriel A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Biofísica; Argentin

Efecto de Cannabinoides en la glándula parótida

Fil: BUSCH, LUCILA. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina.Los cannabinoides son compuestos naturales derivados de la planta Cannabis sativa. Desde hace 5000 años se conocen sus propiedades medicinales y su uso potencial en terapéutica como analgésicos, antieméticos, antireumáticos, antipiréticos, relajantes bronquiales y relajantes del tracto intestinal. Los derivados sintéticos nabilone y ?9-tetrahidrocannabinoide se usan en clínica para aliviar las náuseas y los vómitos provocados por las drogas anticancerosas. La legislación reciente de varios estados de Estados Unidos de América legalizó el uso médico de la marihuana como tal (es decir, hierba) para estimular el apetito en pacientes con Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida con síndrome de emaciación

Influence of castration on the response of the rat vas deferens to fluoxetine

Antidepressant drugs such as desipramine and fluoxetine increase norepinephrine (NE) contractile response in rat vas deferens by inhibiting neuronal amine uptake. Fluoxetine, unlike other antidepressants, also inhibits calcium fluxes, which results in an inhibition of maximal NE effect. Since the contractile response of the reproductive tract is under the influence of testosterone, the effect of fluoxetine could be modified according to the endocrine status of the animal. In the present study we evaluated the influence of castration and testosterone replacement (1 mg per 100 g body wt.) on the peripheral action of fluoxetine. Castration was followed by a decrease in vas deferens weight and the appearance of spontaneous activity. Testosterone replacement reversed these effects. Concentration-response curves to NE and calcium were obtained in the absence and the presence of fluoxetine in vasa deferentia from normal, castrated and testosterone-treated castrated rats. After castration the effect of fluoxetine on vas deferens contractility was markedly altered. The spontaneous activity that appears after castration was prevented by fluoxetine and the stimulatory effect on NE-induced contractions was not observed. In contrast, the inhibitory action of fluoxetine on maximal NE effect was increased. Testosterone replacement restored vas deferens response to NE in the presence of fluoxetine. Fluoxetine did not modify the binding parameters of [3H]prazosin in vasa deferentia from normal or castrated animals. Cocaine shifted the NE concentration-response curve to the left in all groups, suggesting that the changes in fluoxetine effect following castration were not the result of an alteration of the neuronal uptake mechanism. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NMMA did not modify vas deferens response to NE in castrated animals either in the absence or presence of fluoxetine. An increased sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of fluoxetine was observed in the calcium concentration-response curves in vasa deferentia from castrated rats, an effect that was reversed by testosterone replacement. The results suggest that the alteration in the responsiveness of vasa deferentia from castrated rats to calcium could be responsible for increased sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of fluoxetine. It is concluded that vas deferens contractile response is testosterone dependent and that this behaviour modifies the effect of drugs such as fluoxetine that have dual effect on contractility. (C) 2000 Academic Press.Fil: Busch, Lucila. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Wald, Miriam Ruth. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Borda, Enri Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentin

Mucinas salivales: estructura química, mecanismos de liberación y participación en la defensa no inmunológica de la cavidad bucal

Fil: BUSCH, LUCILA. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina.Fil: BORDA, ENRI. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina.En este artículo se describen: 1) Las características físico- químicas de las mucinas salivales, denominadas MG1 y MG2. 2) El mecanismo de secreción por estimulación simpática y parasimpática. 3) La distinta participación de MG1 y MG2, tanto en la actividad deglutoria como en los mecanismos de defensa de la cavidad bucal, en relación con sus propiedades físico-químicas. 4) El rol de las mucinas salivales en la protección de la mucosa del tracto gastrointestinal. 5) La relación entre las mucinas salivales y las patologías de la cavidad bucal

Fluoxetine modulates norepinephrine contractile effect on rat vas deferens

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the antidepressant drug fluoxetine could modify rat vas deferens response to norepinephrine (NE), and to compare its effect with that of desipramine and cocaine. Results showed that 10-5 M fluoxetine produced a super-sensibility of vas deferens to NE. This result was the same as those obtained for 10-6 M desipramine or cocaine. Since the effect was Na+- and Cl--dependent, an inhibitory mechanism of neuronal NE transport was suggested. Fluoxetine did not modify [3H]prazosin k(d) or B(max) in rat vas deferens, reinforcing the hypothesis of a pre-synaptic site of action. On the other hand fluoxetine inhibited NE maximal effect. This inhibitory effect could be related to an antagonism of calcium entry through the voltage-dependent calcium channel, since it was partially reverted by increasing calcium concentration and, besides, the drug was able to inhibit the calcium concentration-response curve also. Contractions induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were not modified in the presence of fluoxetine. It is concluded that fluoxetine modulates rat vas deferens response to low NE concentrations in the same manner as the selective inhibitor of NE neuronal uptake desipramine. This peripheral effect could participate in the modulation of the male reproductive tract observed by these drugs when used in clinical trials.Fil: Busch, Lucila. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Wald, Miriam Ruth. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sterin, Leonor Josefina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Borda, Enri Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentin

An Overview of Autonomic Regulation of Parotid Gland Activity: Influence of Orchiectomy

The parotid gland participates in the digestive process by providing fluid, electrolytes and enzymes that facilitate the onset of digestion. Neurotransmitters, hormones and biologically active peptides regulate its activity. The autonomic system is the main regulatory mechanism of the gland. Sympathetic stimulation induces amylase release through â1-receptor activation and little fluid secretion by á1-receptor activation. The parasympathetic system controls basal activity of the gland acting on M1 and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and induces the secretion of fluid saliva rich in electrolytes through the modulation of ion channels and the Na + -K + -ATPase activity. In addition, its activation induces amylase release. The mechanisms involved in amylase secretion by isoproterenol and carbachol, as well as the mechanism of the cholinergic regulation of Na + -K + -ATPase activity and the changes observed after orchiectomy, are the scope of this review.Fil: Busch, Lucila. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sterin, Leonor Josefina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Borda, Enri Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Farmacología; Argentin

β-Adrenoceptor alterations coupled with secretory response and experimental periodontitis in rat submandibular glands

In this paper we have studied the influence of a well-established rat model of periodontitis on resting and adrenergic-stimulated mucin secretion from rat submandibular glands. The selective β1-receptor subtype agonist, dobutamine, induced mucin secretion while the selective β2-, α1- and α2-agonists, soterenol, phenylephrine and clonidine, respectively, did not. In rats subjected to ligature-induced periodontitis mucin release, under unstimulated conditions (basal values), was significantly increased. This increment was abolished in the presence of propranolol and atenolol. Isoproterenol, concentration-dependent, increased mucin release in control and in ligature-induced periodontitis rats. Maximal effect of isoproterenol was decreased in rats with ligature while EC50 was increased. Neither, the inhibition of NOS by l-NMMA nor the inhibition of COX by indomethacin could revert the effect of ligature on mucin release under unstimulated and isoproterenol-stimulated conditions. The inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by SQ 22536 resulted in a right shift of isoproterenol concentration-response curves in both groups, control and with ligature and returned basal values of rats with ligature to control ones. β-Receptor population was decreased in submandibular gland membranes from rats with ligature without changes in affinity. Potencies of the β-receptor antagonists in the competition studies were similar in both groups under study, control and with ligature. We conclude that in rats subjected to ligature-induced periodontitis unstimulated mucin secretion is increased. The increment seems to be due to an activation of the sympathetic system since it is inhibited by the β-adrenoceptors antagonists and by the inhibition of the adenylyl cyclase. We can speculate that inflammatory mediators from the experimental periodontitis could be involved in the mechanism underlying the activation of the sympathetic system.Fil: Busch, Lucila. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Sterin, Leonor Josefina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Borda, Enri Santiago. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

Increased leukotriene concentration in submandibular glands from rats with experimental periodontitis

Objective and design: In the present study, we investigated the relation between the inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and cysteinyl-leukotrienes with mucin release and the sympathetic system in submandibular glands from rats with experimental periodontitis. Materials or subjects: Submandibular glands from rats with experimental periodontitis. Treatment: For the first experiment, rats were treated with hydrocortisone sc, 1 mg/kg for 3 days. All other experiments were carried out in isolated submandibular glands from untreated rats. Submandibular glands were treated with cysteinyl-leukotrienes, isoproterenol, NDGA, FPL 55712, L-NMMA, Nio, Nz, AMG, indomethacin, DuP 697 and atenolol. Methods: Nitric oxide synthase activity, prostaglandin and cysteinyl-leukotriene productions and mucin secretion were determined. The Newman-Keuls statistical test was applied after analysis of variance. Results: In rats with periodontitis hydrocortisone-induced a 36.6% (P < 0.05) decrease in mucin release. Only cysteinyl-leukotriene production was increased in rats with ligature (79.2%, P < 0.001). Either the inhibition of cysteinyl-leukotriene production or the block of leukotriene receptor abolished the increase in mucin secretion by 25.6% (P < 0.05) and 37% (P < 0.01), respectively, in glands from rats with ligature. On the other hand, the presence of cysteinyl-leukotrienes in the incubation medium induced mucin release from submandibular glands. Atenolol diminished by 24% (P < 0.05), the increase in cysteinyl-leukotrienes observed in rats with periodontitis. Besides, isoproterenol induced cysteinyl-leukotriene production in both groups. Conclusion: In submandibular glands from rats with periodontitis, the increment in mucin release and cysteinyl-leukotrienes production are related events and both are associated with the sympathetic system.Fil: Busch, Lucila. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Miozza, Valeria Alejandra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Sterin, Leonor Josefina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Borda, Enri Santiago. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

Comparison of salivary levels of mucin and amylase and their relation with clinical parameters obtained from patients with aggressive and chronic periodontal disease

Objective Salivary mucin and amylase levels are increased in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). Due to the fact that aggressive periodontitis (AgP) not only differs from chronic periodontitis in terms of its clinical manifestation, the aim of this study was to compare salivary mucin and amylase levels and their relation to the clinical parameters of patients with aggressive periodontitis with that of patients with chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods Eighty subjects were divided into two groups: 20 patients with AgP and their 20 matched controls and 20 patients with CP and their 20 matched controls, based on clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Whole unstimulated saliva was obtained and mucin, amylase and protein were determined by colorimetric methods. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between salivary mucin, amylase and protein levels and the clinical parameters. Results Salivary mucin, amylase and protein levels were increased in patients with AgP and CP but there were no differences between them or between control groups. Pearson's correlation analysis, determined in the entire subjects studied, showed a positive and significant correlation of mucin, amylase and proteins with CAL and PPD and a negative correlation with the flow rate. When Pearson's correlation analysis was carried out in each group separately, Fisher's z transformation showed no significant difference between both groups. Conclusion Comparison of the salivary levels of mucin, amylase and protein and their relationship with clinical parameters of AgP patients with that of CP patients revealed no differences between both groups