Master\u27s Research Project, an Oral History of Charles Barnes

Transcribed oral history of Charles Barneshttps://scholars.fhsu.edu/ors/1227/thumbnail.jp

Resting state functional connectivity in early blind humans

Task-based neuroimaging studies in early blind humans (EB) have demonstrated heightened visual cortex responses to non-visual paradigms. Several prior functional connectivity studies in EB have shown altered connections consistent with these task-based results. But these studies generally did not consider behavioral adaptations to lifelong blindness typically observed in EB. Enhanced cognitive abilities shown in EB include greater serial recall and attention to memory. Here, we address the question of the extent to which brain intrinsic activity in EB reflects such adaptations. We performed a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study contrasting 14 EB with 14 age/gender matched normally sighted controls (NS). A principal finding was markedly greater functional connectivity in EB between visual cortex and regions typically associated with memory and cognitive control of attention. In contrast, correlations between visual cortex and non-deprived sensory cortices were significantly lower in EB. Thus, the available data, including that obtained in prior task-based and resting state fMRI studies, as well as the present results, indicate that visual cortex in EB becomes more heavily incorporated into functional systems instantiating episodic recall and attention to non-visual events. Moreover, EB appear to show a reduction in interactions between visual and non-deprived sensory cortices, possibly reflecting suppression of inter-sensory distracting activity

A perfused rat hindquarter system for examining the relationship between muscle temperature and oxygen uptake.

Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1979 .B978. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07, page: . Thesis (M.H.K.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1979

The public image of the social worker.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

The concentration and metabolism of sugar in ram semen

Publication authorized December 16, 1941.Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-35)

Cortical regions activated by spectrally degraded speech in adults with single sided deafness or bilateral normal hearing

Those with profound sensorineural hearing loss from single sided deafness (SSD) generally experience greater cognitive effort and fatigue in adverse sound environments. We studied cases with right ear, SSD compared to normal hearing (NH) individuals. SSD cases were significantly less correct in naming last words in spectrally degraded 8- and 16-band vocoded sentences, despite high semantic predictability. Group differences were not significant for less intelligible 4-band sentences, irrespective of predictability. SSD also had diminished BOLD percent signal changes to these same sentences in left hemisphere (LH) cortical regions of early auditory, association auditory, inferior frontal, premotor, inferior parietal, dorsolateral prefrontal, posterior cingulate, temporal-parietal-occipital junction, and posterior opercular. Cortical regions with lower amplitude responses in SSD than NH were mostly components of a LH language network, previously noted as concerned with speech recognition. Recorded BOLD signal magnitudes were averages from all vertices within predefined parcels from these cortex regions. Parcels from different regions in SSD showed significantly larger signal magnitudes to sentences of greater intelligibility (e.g., 8- or 16- vs. 4-band) in all except early auditory and posterior cingulate cortex. Significantly lower response magnitudes occurred in SSD than NH in regions prior studies found responsible for phonetics and phonology of speech, cognitive extraction of meaning, controlled retrieval of word meaning, and semantics. The findings suggested reduced activation of a LH fronto-temporo-parietal network in SSD contributed to difficulty processing speech for word meaning and sentence semantics. Effortful listening experienced by SSD might reflect diminished activation to degraded speech in the affected LH language network parcels. SSD showed no compensatory activity in matched right hemisphere parcels

The response of arterioles in skeletal muscle grafts to vasoactive agents

Arteriolar responses to the vasodilator adenosine and to the vasoconstrictor norepinephrine (NE) were examined in small bundles of extensor digitorum longus muscle grafted onto the cheek pouches of hamsters. Responses of arterioles to topically applied adenosine or NE were measured from 30 to 180 days after grafting and compared with the response of arterioles in control cheek pouches. Verapamil and potassium chloride (KCl) were applied to 120- and 180-day grafts to determine the response of arterioles to vasoactive agents not mediated by receptors. Arterioles in grafted muscle did not respond to adenosine until 60 days. The response increased with time but was significantly less than the control value even after 180 days. Arterioles in grafts did not respond to NE until 90 days. At both 90 and 120 days the degree of constriction in response to NE was not uniform along the length of a given arteriole (punctate response). By 180 days, the response of a given arteriole to NE was uniform but significantly less than the control value. In 120- and 180-day grafts the responses of arterioles to verapamil and KCl were similar to the responses of arterioles to adenosine and NE, respectively. We conclude that the diminished response of arterioles in small EDL muscle grafts to vasoactive agents may be caused by either a structural or a functional impairment in the smooth muscle layer of arterioles.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26650/1/0000194.pd