Symptomatic or secondary parotitis with special reference to etiology

I. INCIDENCE. Any classification of the diseases' which have been complicated by Parotitis must necessarily be very artificial. As fresh cases are put on record it becomes increasingly plain that the onset of Symptomatic Parotitis is dependent upon causes,which may be associated with almost any diseased condition,whether acute or chronic, and involving almost any organ of the body. There is no definite incubation period of Symptomatic Parotitis. And the condition is not infectious,it must however be regarded as a serious complication of any disease.II. PATHOLOGY OF SYMPTOMATIC PAROTITIS. A. Etiology. Infection of the parotid gland occurs by direct spread from the mouth along Stenson's duct to the gland,in all cases except those in which the parotitis is part of a generalised Pyaemia. This is organismal. In nearly all cases Staphylococcus Pyogenes Aureus is the cause. Predisposing Causes. I. Diminished resistance due to lowered vitality on the part of the patient.. II. Diminished salivary secret ion,leading to a dry state of the mouth. D. Anatomical appearances of the gland. I. Normal parotid gland. The elastic tissue of the ducts is confined to the walls of the extra lobular ducts, the small intra lobular ducts contain no elastic tissue in their walls. II. Diseased Parotid G-land. The process of inflammation begins in the centre of the lobule, in connection with the small ducts which are primarily infected and gradually the process spreads to the periphery of the lobule. As the parotitis advances an increasing number of lobules becomes affected and in advanced cases the whole of the gland becomes involved and may be more or less replaced by necrotic tissue.III. COURSE OF THE PAROTITIS: A. The parotitis may resolve and the patient make a complete recovery from the primary disease. B. The parotitis may fail to resolve and death result. I. from the parotitis,causing,as in case I general pyaemic abscess formation. II. from the primary disease,the persistence the parotitis being a bad prognotic sign. The prognosis in all cases is guarded . No reliance however can be placed on the involvement or escape of the gland of the opposite side, As a guide to this matter,as many'cases of double parotitis recover and frequently those in which only one gland is affected end fatally. Of the four cases specially referred to, three occurring in one ward,all ended fatally,the one in which the parotitis was most severe and in which both parotids were involved.recovered.IV. TREATMENT. A. Prophylactic. Having regard to the duct spread theory of infection, the importance of careful and systematic attention to the mouth and especially to the state of the teeth,more particularly the upper molars to which the orifio of the duct is in such close proximity/becomes of first importance,as lessening considerably the chance of infection,in the event of the patient being reduced to the low state of vital it which predisposes to the onset of Parotitis. The salivary secretion should be stimulated along the lines suggested by Dr. Soltan Fenwick, namely,to cause patients who are in a poor state of vitality and who are suffering from an excessively dry mouth to suck a small rubber teat. This becomes of primary importance in cases which are placed upon Rectal Alimentation. B. After the onset of the parotitis treatment consists of:- I. Local applications of ickthyol 10 fo in glycerine,or Belladonna and Glycerine. In mild cases this is sufficient to bring about resolution. IV. Treatment. II. Incision of the gland. This is necessary in cases which go on to abscess formation and should be carried out freely. C. Vaccine Treatment. An Antogenous Vaccine should be given. In most cases a dose the equivalent of inn million staphylococci is safe to begin with to be repeated in 4 or fi days,depending upon the constitutional reaction. The vaccine may best be administered in normal saline., by the mouth. Thisfcas so,far not been extensively used but the result obtained in Case IV, would indicate its use in these cases

Further Notes on the Physiology of Polymorphism in Green Algae

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Analyzing the Economics Values of An Alternative Preprocessing Facility in the Biomass Feedstocks - Biorefinery Supply Chain

It is generally believed that preprocessing procedure can reduce the transportation and storage costs of biomass feedstock for biofuel production by condensing the feedstock’s size. However, the capital costs of preprocessing facilities could be significant in the feedstock logistics system. Applying a GIS and mixed-integer mathematical programming model, this study evaluates the economic values of a preprocessing technology, stretch‐wrap baling, in the biomass feedstock supply chain for a potential commercial-scale switchgrass biorefinery in East Tennessee. Preliminary results suggest that the stretch-wrap baling equipment outperforms the conventional hay harvest methods in terms of total delivered costs. Although the densification process involves additional capital and operation costs, the total delivered costs of switchgrass for a 25- million-gallon per year biorefinery in the preprocessing system is 12% − 21% lower than various logistic methods using conventional hay equipments.Biomass feedstock, cellulosic biofuel, logistic costs, preprocessing technology, Crop Production/Industries, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q16, D24,

Municipal Corporations—Notice of Claim—Infants

Martin v. School Board of Union Free District, 301 N. Y. 233, 93 N. E. 2d 655 (1950)

A philosophical reading of Hamlet: A comparative study of the complexities of the earliest editions, Q1 (1603), Q2 (1604-5), and Folio (1623)

Chapter One traces the origins of the Hamlet narrative, examining the play’s antecedent texts. The three early editions of the play are then studied in light of their relationship to the antecedent texts, and what is known about their provenance. The evolutionary nature of narratives and also knowledge is established as a key theme in this thesis. Chapter Two considers how editions of Hamlet were reprinted and edited in the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and how the issue of making sense of the various editions developed. The discovery of Q1 Hamlet is considered, along with theories that accounted for it. The work of the New Bibliography is examined, followed by a focus on how the New Textualists reframed the study of Shakespeare and perceptions of Hamlet. An account of the most recent theories on the play’s provenance is then given. Chapter Three begins a three-part examination of the philosophical content of Hamlet, which is underpinned by an account of Western philosophical thinking from Plato to Michel de Montaigne. The play’s engagement with epistemology is here considered, through a focus on the philosophical conundrum of ‘the problem of universals’, which attempts to establish a thing’s nature, and to account for likeness between similar things. Chapter Four considers how the play frames the relationship between language and truth. Names and titles are considered, along with the efficacy of ceremonies, the tension between written and spoken words, and the relationship between words, thoughts and things. The theme of representation is established as a dominant philosophical motif, and a Eucharistic subtext is highlighted throughout the play. Chapter Five considers how the play frames the natural world. Ophelia’s association with flowers, the subject of land, and how the supernatural and the natural are related are examined. Following this, Montaigne’s relationship to Shakespeare and Hamlet is analysed. This particular configuration of textual and philosophical analysis, in light of the play’s bibliographical history, affords us perspectives newly observed in this thesis

A Multi-CAP Visible-Light Communications System With 4.85-b/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a multiband carrierless amplitude and phase modulation format for the first time in VLC. We split a conventional carrierless amplitude and phase modulated signal into m subcarriers in order to protect from the attenuation experienced at high frequencies in low-pass VLC systems. We investigate the relationship between throughput/spectral efficiency and m, where m = {10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1} subcarriers over a fixed total signal bandwidth of 6.5 MHz. We show that transmission speeds (spectral efficiencies) of 31.53 (4.85), 30.88 (4.75), 25.40 (3.90), 23.65 (3.60), 15.78 (2.40), and 9.04 (1.40) Mb/s (b/s/Hz) can be achieved for the listed values of m, respectively

Oodles of pep

Man and woman dancing / [first name unreadable] Smith.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/4244/thumbnail.jp

The Zebrafish Homologue of the Human DYT1 Dystonia Gene Is Widely Expressed in CNS Neurons but Non-Essential for Early Motor System Development

DYT1 dystonia is caused by mutation of the TOR1A gene, resulting in the loss of a single glutamic acid residue near the carboxyl terminal of TorsinA. The neuronal functions perturbed by TorsinA[ΔE] are a major unresolved issue in understanding the pathophysiology of dystonia, presenting a critical roadblock to developing effective treatments. We identified and characterized the zebrafish homologue of TOR1A, as a first step towards elucidating the functions of TorsinA in neurons, in vivo, using the genetically-manipulable zebrafish model. The zebrafish genome was found to contain a single alternatively-spliced tor1 gene, derived from a common ancestral locus shared with the dual TOR1A and TOR1B paralogues found in tertrapods. tor1 was expressed ubiquitously during early embryonic development and in multiple adult tissues, including the CNS. The 2.1 kb tor1 mRNA encodes Torsin1, which is 59% identical and 78% homologous to human TorsinA. Torsin1 was expressed as major 45 kDa and minor 47 kDa glycoproteins, within the cytoplasm of neurons and neuropil throughout the CNS. Similar to previous findings relating to human TorsinA, mutations of the ATP hydrolysis domain of Torsin1 resulted in relocalization of the protein in cultured cells from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nuclear envelope. Zebrafish embryos lacking tor1 during early development did not show impaired viability, overt morphological abnormalities, alterations in motor behavior, or developmental defects in the dopaminergic system. Torsin1 is thus non-essential for early development of the motor system, suggesting that important CNS functions may occur later in development, consistent with the critical time window in late childhood when dystonia symptoms usually emerge in DYT1 patients. The similarities between Torsin1 and human TorsinA in domain organization, expression pattern, and cellular localization suggest that the zebrafish will provide a useful model to understand the neuronal functions of Torsins in vivo