Squash Bugs of South Dakota

The family Coreidae is best known because of the destructive habit of the squash bug, Anasa tristis, on squash, pumpkin, cucumber, and other members of the cucurbit family in the United States. The family, represented by various species, is found throughout the world. However, only 13 species are found in South Dakota. Lethierry and Severin (1894) supplied us with the earliest and most complete catalog of these bugs. They listed 1,320 species and divided them into 29 subfamilies. Van Duzee (1917), in his catalog of the Hemiptera of America north of Mexico, listed 125 species which he divided among 48 genera and five subfamilies. Two of these subfamilies Alydinae and Corizinae were elevated to family rank by Parshley (1923) and Blatchley (1926) . Torre-Bueno (1941) listed 76 species for the family Coreidae in the United States. He recognized 29 genera, 9 tribes, and 3 subfamilies in the Coreidae and used the family rank for the Alydinae and Corizinae, Schaefer (1965) recognized four subfamilies, Pseudophloeinae, Meropachydinae, Coreinae and Agriopocorinae (this latter extrazimital). Baranowski and Slater (1986), in their Coreidae of Florida, listed 120 species dispersed among 18 genera, 9 tribes and 3 subfamilies. The material examined in this work is deposited in the SDSU H.C. Severin Insect Museum and represents an accumulation of years of collecting by Dr. H.C. Severin from 1919 until his death in 1954. The family Coreidae is characterized as follows: Antennae four-segmented, inserted above the eye; rostrum four- segmented; scutellum triangular, small to medium in size, not reaching middle of body; hemelytra composed of clavus, corium, and membrane, the membrane furnished with numerous veins frequently forked or anastomosing; tarsi three-segmented; ocelli present; metathoracis scent gland auricle distinct, short, rounded; female ovipositor plates flattened, plate like. Abdominal trichobothria present. Male parameres internal, must be dissected for study. Nymphs have doral abdominal scent gland openings between terga 4-5 and 5-6

A Radiographic Investigation of Anthropometrics, Neck Posture, and Neck Strength in Individuals with Enlarged External Occipital Protuberances

Overview: Enlarged external occipital protuberances (EEOPs) are found in 41% of young adults. These EEOPs have the potential to lead to pain throughout life and possibly surgery. Little is known of the pathophysiology or characteristics that could lead to these EEOPs. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to use radiographic measurements to investigate how anthropometrics, neck posture and neck strength in flexion and extension differ between those with and without an EEOP. Methods: 80 radiographs from three different studies were digitized and the marking of landmarks performed in ImageJ. The cut-off for an EEOP was established as any EOP greater than or equal to 10 mm. Neck strength and anthropometrics have been previously collected while all neck posture variables were measured using models in Microsoft Excel. Outcome measures were (1) body mass, (2) head circumference, (3) neck circumference, (4) neck length, (5) gravitational moment arm, (6) intervertebral joint angles, (7) skull angle, (8) forward head protraction, and (9) isometric neck strength. A two-way ANCOVA was ran with between factors of sex and EEOP occurrence on each variable and a covariate of neck length. A Tukey post hoc test was run on any significant main effects, and simple effects was run on any significant interactions. Significance level was set at p \u3c .05. Results: There were no significant differences in neck posture, age, body mass, height, or neck strength between the those with and without EEOPs. Neck circumference was significantly different in those with EEOPs, where participants with EEOPs present had larger neck circumferences. Conclusion: EEOP occurrence does not seem to be due to differing neck postures in neutral, but a larger neck circumference may indicate larger neck muscle volume which may point to muscle size and strength as possible influences. Future work should look at neck muscle volume and strength between those with and without EEOPs, focusing on even sample sizes within each age distribution and treatments groups

The Leafhoppers of South Dakota and Additional Distribution Records from 18 States and Canada

The leafhoppers or Cicadelloidea constitute one of the largest superfamilies within the Class Insecta. All of the members of this superfamily are plant feeders. Many cause damage to fruits, cereals, forage crops, forest and shade trees, grasses and various ornamental plants. They are recorded as attacking people when occurring in large numbers on lawns, golf fairways, or other predominantly grass covered areas. They are important in the transmission of plant viruses and can reduce crop yield in small garden plots

Medication administration by non-registered nursing personnel : a safe and cost effective way to reduce the shortage of registered nurses

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of, and necessity for, assigning the technical tasks of medication administration to non-Registered Nursing (non-RN) personnel in light of the continuing Registered Nurse (RN) shortage in the acute care setting and our rapidly changing and financially unstable health care environment

Detecting exoplanets with high contrast coronagraphy

The first images of exoplanets are now in hand, but the imaging of even fainter planets near bright stars requires the development of very high contrast detection techniques. The two necessary aspects are precise wavefront control and efficient starlight rejection. These essential aspects were recently demonstrated at the Palomar Observatory on a 1.5 m diameter "well-corrected subaperture" on the Hale telescope. "Extreme" adaptive optics wavefront correction was achieved using fine-scale wavefront correction on the subaperture, combined with phase-retrieval to reduce non-common path errors such as faint speckles. Starlight rejection has been maximized with a novel vector vortex coronagraph, precise tip-tilt and focus control within the coronagraph, and the ``locally optimized combination of images" speckle calibration algorithm. The Palomar system provides small-angle contrast sensitivities comparable to those of much larger telescopes, allowing the imaging of e.g., the three HR8799 planets and the HD32297 disk. These results provide a first validation of the steps needed to achieve high-contrast in on-sky observations, and illustrate the promise of future ground- and space-based high-contrast instruments