Resistance and Aerobic Training Sequence Effects on Energy Consumption in Females

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sequence of resistance and aerobic training on energy consumption on sedentary overweight females. Methods: Participants were 15 sedentary overweight females (age = 28.6 ±12 yrs; BMI = 28.1±7.8) Subjects did a counterbalanced intervention: resistance training (circuit training) first (intervention RT) or aerobic exercise first (intervention AT), while oxygen consumption was continuously measured for 80 min. Subjects performed a warm-up on the treadmill at 40% of their heart rate reserve for 5 minutes, then for 30 minutes did continuous walking or jogging on the treadmill at ~67% of their predicted maximum heart rate reserve. Immediately following treadmill exercise, subjects performed 25 minutes of resistance exercises including 2 sets of 12 reps at 67% of their 1RM of each exercise. Cool down consisted of five minutes on the treadmill with a gradual decline in speed. Results: The energy used during the AT intervention was 431.2 ± 90.9 kcals compared to the RT intervention 398.3 ± 93.9 kcals. The mean difference was significant, (p =0.003). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, aerobic exercise preceding resistance training has a greater impact on total energy consumption in females versus the reverse order. Key words: excess post exercise oxygen consumption, exercise sequence, concurrent training, kcal

Increasing Lean Mass and Strength: A Comparison of High Frequency Strength Training to Low Frequency Strength Training

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(2): 159-167, 2016. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect strength training frequency has on improvements in lean mass and strength. Participants were 7 women and 12 men, age ( = 34.64 years ± 6.91 years), with strength training experience, training age ( = 51.16 months ± 39.02 months). Participants were assigned to one of two groups to equal baseline group demographics. High frequency training group (HFT) trained each muscle group as the agonist, 3 times per week, exercising with 3 sets per muscle group per session (3 total body workouts). Low frequency training group (LFT) trained each muscle group as the agonist one time per week, completing all 9 sets during that one workout. LFT consisted of a routine split over three days: 1) pectoralis, deltoids, and triceps; 2) upper back and biceps; 3) quadriceps, hamstrings, calves, and abdominals. Following eight weeks of training, HFT increased lean mass by 1.06 kg ± 1.78 kg, (1.9%), and LFT increased lean mass by .99 kg ± 1.31 kg, (2.0%). HFT strength improvements on the chest press was 9.07 kg ± 6.33 kg, (11%), and hack squat 20.16 kg ± 11.59 kg, (21%). LFT strength improvements on chest press was 5.80kg ± 4.26 kg, (7.0%), and hack squat 21.83 kg ± 11.17 kg, (24 %). No mean differences between groups were significant. These results suggest that HFT and LFT of equal set totals result in similar improvements in lean mass and strength, following 8 weeks of strength training

Conceptualizing Images of Supervisors in Teacher Education

Due to the marginalization of supervision (Butler, et al., 2023; Nolan, 2022) and few frameworks to conceptualize supervision in teacher preparation, educational supervision of clinical experiences receives less attention and fewer resources, which perpetuates its marginalization. It is imperative that scholars develop additional theoretical models or constructs to improve the understanding and practice of supervision to elevate its status beyond technical helping. In this paper, we draw upon several sources in the instructional supervision literature to re-conceptualize commonly used images of supervisors in teacher education. In addition to traditional conceptions (The Critic, the Popular Parent, the Co-Inquirer), we ‘introduce’ two new images, The Advocate and The Contemplative, to reflect changes and movements in education. These images can serve as one theoretical model or construct to improve understanding and practice of supervision to elevate its status

Effects of Exercise Sequence in Resistance-Training on Strength, Speed, and Agility in High School Football Players

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 126-133, 2013. Manipulating variables in a training program (e.g., sets, reps, lifts, sequence, etc.) is designed to maximize strength and power performance. Due to the complexity of designing resistance-training programs, changing one variable could potentially set an athletic team apart from others in performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate if exercise sequence could influence the development of strength, speed, and agility. This study compared two specific types of exercise sequences: traditional, which performs the prescribed exercises in a traditional or blocked manner (by completing every set of an exercise before moving to the next); and, circuit, which performs the prescribed exercises in a circuit or alternating manner (by completing the first set of each prescribed exercise, then going to the second set of each exercise). Thirty-nine adolescent athletes from two separate high school football teams completed identical six-week resistance-training programs with the only difference being the sequence of the exercises. Each group tested pre- and post-intervention on hang clean, bench, squat, 40-yard dash, and pro agility. A strength index was used to measure overall strength gained by dividing the sum of the three lifts by total body weight. The results demonstrated that the only significant difference between groups occurred with hang clean. Both circuit and traditional groups made significant but equal gains when compared independently pre- to post-intervention. These results suggest that if strength gains are desired, then either a circuit or traditional style of exercise sequence will produce equal results regardless of beginning level of strength

Koinonia

The University as a Place of Spiritual Formation, Eugene Peterson and Steve Moore President\u27s Corner Into the Future: Highlights of the 1994 ACSD National Conference CoCCA: Community Service Finds Its Way into the Freshmen Orientation Program Thanks for the Memories & Much Morehttps://pillars.taylor.edu/acsd_koinonia/1034/thumbnail.jp

Part of the Solution: Leveraging Business and Markets for Low-Income People

Presents lessons learned from Ford's Corporate Involvement Initiative, offering frameworks to help nonprofits understand how to collaborate with businesses. Describes the context, design, and achievements of the initiative and discusses future challenges

Early Timeline of Lean Tissue Mass and Strength Improvements in Trained Men Following a High Volume/Frequency Resistance Training Program

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 1094-1109, 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the early timeline effect of a systemic high volume/frequency resistance training intervention on lean tissue mass and strength in trained men. Twenty-two healthy resistance trained men, age (32.29 ± 9.75 years), training age (9.40 ± 6.18 years) were placed on a 4-week resistance training (RT) intervention with lean mass and strength assessed pre, mid, and post intervention. RT consisted of 6 exercises: flat smith chest press, pull ups, triceps pushdowns, dumbbell bicep curls, leg press or walking lunges, and standing calf raises, completing 5 sets of 6-12 repetitions, 6 days per week. One-way repeated measure ANOVA’s were conducted to determine the impact of time on lean mass, leg press 1-RM, chest press 1-RM, and absolute/relative resistance training volume. Lean mass increased pre to mid 1.27 ± 1.18 kg, (2.03%), mid to post 1.14 ± 1.16 kg, (1.78%), and pre to post 2.41 ± 1.29 kg, (3.84%). Leg press 1-RM increased pre to mid 16.08 ± 34.90 kg, (6.09%), mid to post 27.53 ± 27.69 kg, (9.82%), and pre to post 43.61 ± 40.13 kg, (16.42%). Chest press 1-RM increased pre to mid 5.77 ± 5.51 kg, (4.45%), mid to post 6.70 ± 5.83 kg, (4.94%), and pre to post 12.47 kg ± 5.83 kg, (9.62%). High volume/frequency resistance training results in significant early improvements in lean mass and strength in trained men

Design of an instrument to measure alcohol-related psychosocial influences in the development of norms among 13-year-old to 17-year-old adolescents.

Introduction: Harmful drinking among young people is common in Australia and many other countries. Social norms and their influence on adolescents’ alcohol consumption behaviours have received much research attention in recent years. However, there is limited understanding of how social norms related to alcohol are developed and transmitted across social networks and a specific tool that measures these constructs has yet to be developed. This paper outlines the rationale and protocol for the design and validation of a multidimensional survey instrument which measures the development and transmission pathways of alcohol-related norms among adolescents. A longer term aim is to apply the instrument in a respondent-driven sampling study with a large adolescent cohort.Methods and analysis: Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and relevant literature will guide the design of the online survey instrument. Feedback from a practitioner-based stakeholder committee, academic expert panel reviews, focus groups and interviews with adolescents aged 13–17 years in Perth, Western Australia (WA) will serve to ascertain content and face validity. A test–retest will be conducted using a purposive sample of students (n=400) at secondary schools in Perth. The instrument's psychometric properties will be analysed, including exploratory factor analyses, discriminant validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability.Ethics and dissemination: The results of this research will provide public health researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive standardised instrument to explore the characteristics of individual-level and community-level social influences and norms associated with use of alcohol by adolescents and the routes through which these norms are transmitted. The data collected by the instrument is anticipated to inform the design of youth specific interventions with the potential to reduce alcohol-related harms. The Study findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. The study has received approval from the Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee

Development and testing of the Youth Alcohol Norms Survey (YANS) instrument to measure youth alcohol norms and psychosocial influences

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop and validate an online instrument to: (1) identify common alcohol-related social influences, norms and beliefs among adolescents; (2) clarify the process and pathways through which proalcohol norms are transmitted to adolescents; (3) describe the characteristics of social connections that contribute to the transmission of alcohol norms; and (4) identify the influence of alcohol marketing on adolescent norm development. SETTING: The online Youth Alcohol Norms Survey (YANS) was administered in secondary schools in Western Australia PARTICIPANTS: Using a 2-week test-retest format, the YANS was administered to secondary school students (n=481, age=13-17 years, female 309, 64.2%). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The development of the YANS was guided by social cognitive theory and comprised a systematic multistage process including evaluation of content and face validity. A 2-week test-retest format was employed. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the underlying factor structure of the instrument. Test-retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen's kappa. RESULTS: A five-factor structure with meaningful components and robust factorial loads was identified, and the five factors were labelled as 'individual attitudes and beliefs', 'peer and community identity', 'sibling influences', 'school and community connectedness' and 'injunctive norms', respectively. The instrument demonstrated stability across the test-retest procedure (ICC=0.68-0.88, Cohen's kappa coefficient=0.69) for most variables. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the reliability and factorial validity of this instrument. The YANS presents a promising tool, which enables comprehensive assessment of reciprocal individual, behavioural and environmental factors that influence alcohol-related norms among adolescents

Novel approaches to the construction of miniaturized analytical instrumentation

This paper focuses on the design, construction, preliminary testing, and potential applications of three forms of miniaturized analytical instrumentation. The first is an optical fiber instrument for monitoring pH and other cations in aqueous solutions. The instrument couples chemically selective indicators that were immobilized at porous polymeric films with a hardware package that provides the excitation light source, required optical components, and detection and data processing hardware. The second is a new form of a piezoelectric mass sensor. The sensor was fabricated by the deposition of a thin (5.5 micron) film of piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AIN). The completed deposition process yields a thin film resonator (TFR) that is shaped as a 400 micron square and supports a standing bulk acoustic wave in a longitudinal mode at frequencies of approx. 1 GHz. Various deposition and vapor sorption studies indicate that the mass sensitivity of the TFR's rival those of the most sensitive mass sensors currently available, though offering such performance in a markedly smaller device. The third couples a novel form of liquid chromatography with microlithographic miniaturization techniques. The status of the miniaturization effort, the goal of which is to achieve chip-scale separations, is briefly discussed