Ecocentrism as anthropocentrism

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Wood cores in alpine skis : a thesis about different types of wood and their characteristics as wood core in alpine skis.

Syftet med detta arbete är att ta fram den ultimata träkärnan utefter uppspaltade önskemål på egenskaper i ett par allmountainskidor med nordiska träslag. Studien är deskriptiv och kvantitativ då den syftar till att mäta förändringsgraden under påverkan på träslagen. För att få in data till mina frågeställningar har tester genomförts som genererar datainsamling. En förundersökning gjordes med intervjuer för att få fram ett mer specificerat underlag för att konstruera vilken metod jag skulle ha i det slutgiltiga arbetet. Resultatet av studien visade att träslaget bok hade de bästa egenskaperna vad gäller böjhållfasthet. Ask hade de bästa egenskaperna när det kom till testerna på vridstyvhet. Det negativa med dessa träslag är att de är för tunga. Det lättaste träslaget av de som var med i testerna var poppel. Därför har jag valt att i den slutgiltiga träkärnan kombinera träslag. Två olika förslag har tagits fram. Den ena med en kombination av bok och poppel, den andra med ask och poppel. Den första ger en förhållandevis lätt skida med bra böjhållfasthet. Den andra en lätt skida med bra vridstyvhet. Dessa två träkärnor kommer användas i byggandet av mina skidor och testas på berget.The purpose of this work is to produce the most optimal wood core with the desired requirements in an all-mountain ski using Scandinavian wood. The study is descriptive and quantitative as it aims to measure the rate of change under the influence of wood species. In order to collect data for my research questions, tests have been carried out which generate data collection. A preliminary investigation was done with interviews to obtain a more detailed basis for constructing the method I would use in the final work. The results of the study showed that the wood type beech had the best results in terms of flexural strength. Ash had the best results when it came to tests on torsional rigidity. The down side of these woods is that they are too heavy. The lightest wood species of those involved in the tests was poplar. Therefore, I have chosen to combine species in the final wood core. Two different suggestions have been developed. One with a combination of beech and poplar, the other one with ash and poplar. The first provides a relatively light ski with good flexural strength. The second produced a light ski with good torsional rigidity. These two wood cores will be used in the construction of my skis and tested on the mountain

On the affective ambivalence of living with cultural diversity

Living with cultural diversity is characterized by a fundamental affective ambivalence. On the one hand, there is existential unease in the face of cultural strangeness, which is linked to our human dependence on `common sense' — the shared background of understanding from which we derive ontological security about the world and our place in it. Through cultural contact, common sense loses something of its self-evident character, and certainties about what is normal are put to the test. On the other hand, contact with unfamiliar practices and forms of expression can equally give rise to positive feelings of wonder and fascination, as in the urban context. This affective ambivalence stems from an existential paradox: the experience of both meaning and lack of meaning are dependent on contact with transcendent realities — in other words, realities that cannot be fully encompassed within our cognitive and manipulative horizons. This leads us to the question as to what the conditions are in which cultural diversity is experienced as a positive social given. The hypothesis is that cultural strangeness cannot in any event fascinate those who perceive the presence of this strangeness, rightly or wrongly, as an acute threat to their own psychological integrity, their vital integrity and/or to the national integrity

Produção e qualidade de azevém-anual submetido a adubação nitrogenada sob pastejo por cordeiros Production and quality of annual ryegrass submitted to nitrogen fertilization under grazing by lambs

O objetivo neste trabalho foi verificar como a adubação nitrogenada pode afetar a produção e a qualidade da massa de forragem em pastagem de azevém-anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) sob lotação contínua de cordeiros de corte. O azevém foi implantado em 6 de junho de 2006, em sistema de plantio direto com densidade de semeadura de 45 kg de sementes/ha. A adubação de base foi de 300 kg/ha, sem nitrogênio, com 60 kg/ha P2O5 e 60 kg/ha K2O. As adubações corresponderam a quatro doses de nitrogênio (N) na forma de ureia (45% de N) em aplicação de cobertura após 35 dias do plantio: 0; 75; 150; ou 225 kg/ha de N. O período de avaliação foi de 84 dias. Para cada kg de nitrogênio aplicado na pastagem de azevém, verificaram-se aumentos lineares de 2,82 kg/ha de massa de forragem, 1,28 kg/ha de massa seca de folhas verdes, 2,47 perfilhos/m² e 15,84 kg/ha de massa de forragem total. As doses de nitrogênio aplicadas não influenciaram os teores de proteína bruta (21,21%), fibra detergente ácido (25,90%) e fibra detergente neutro (54,93%) da forragem colhida por meio da simulação do pastejo. O aumento nas doses de nitrogênio interferem positivamente na taxa de acúmulo, o que proporciona maior massa de forragem total.<br>The aim of this work was to evaluate how nitrogen fertilization can affect forage mass production and quality on annual Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pasture under continuous stocking of beef lambs. Ryegrass was established on June 6th, 2006, on no-tillage cropping system with seed density of 45 kg seeds/ha. Base fertilization was 300 kg/ha without N, with 60 kg/ha P2O5 and 60 kg/ha K2O. Fertilization consisted on four doses of nitrogen (N) using urea fertilizer (45% de N) in covering application 35 days after seeding: 0; 75; 150; or 225 kg/ha N. Periods of evaluations lasted 84 days. For each kg of nitrogen applied on ryegrass pasture, it was observed linear increases of 2.82 kg/ha of forage mass, 1.28 kg/ha of green leaf dry mass, 2.47 tillers/m² and 15.84 kg/ha of total forage mass. Doses of applied nitrogen did not affect crude protein contents (21.21%), acid detergent fiber (25.90%) and neutral detergent fiber (54.93%) of forage harvested through grazing simulation. The increase on nitrogen doses interfere positively in the accumulation rate, providing greater total forage mass