The contribution of perturber radiation to the shapes of spectral lines broadened by electron impacts

Perturber radiation effect on electron impact spectral line broadenin

Pathos: a web facility that uses metabolic maps to display experimental changes in metabolites identified by mass spectrometry

This work describes a freely available web-based facility which can be used to analyse raw or processed mass spectrometric data from metabolomics experiments and display the metabolites identified – and changes in their experimental abundance – in the context of the metabolic pathways in which they occur. The facility, Pathos (http://motif.gla.ac.uk/Pathos/), employs Java servlets and is underpinned by a relational database populated from the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Input files can contain either raw m/z values from experiments conducted in different modes, or KEGG or MetaCyc IDs assigned by the user on the basis of the m/z values and other criteria. The textual output lists the KEGG pathways on an XHTML page according to the number of metabolites or potential metabolites that they contain. Filtering by organism is also available. For metabolic pathways of interest, the user is able to retrieve a pathway map with identified metabolites highlighted. A particular feature of Pathos is its ability to process relative quantification data for metabolites identified under different experimental conditions, and to present this in an easily comprehensible manner. Results are colour-coded according to the degree of experimental change, and bar charts of the results can be generated interactively from either the text listings or the pathway maps. The visual presentation of the output from Pathos is designed to allow the rapid identification of metabolic areas of potential interest, after which particular results may be examined in detail

Grid Cells Form a Global Representation of Connected Environments.

The firing patterns of grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) and associated brain areas form triangular arrays that tessellate the environment [1, 2] and maintain constant spatial offsets to each other between environments [3, 4]. These cells are thought to provide an efficient metric for navigation in large-scale space [5-8]. However, an accurate and universal metric requires grid cell firing patterns to uniformly cover the space to be navigated, in contrast to recent demonstrations that environmental features such as boundaries can distort [9-11] and fragment [12] grid patterns. To establish whether grid firing is determined by local environmental cues, or provides a coherent global representation, we recorded mEC grid cells in rats foraging in an environment containing two perceptually identical compartments connected via a corridor. During initial exposures to the multicompartment environment, grid firing patterns were dominated by local environmental cues, replicating between the two compartments. However, with prolonged experience, grid cell firing patterns formed a single, continuous representation that spanned both compartments. Thus, we provide the first evidence that in a complex environment, grid cell firing can form the coherent global pattern necessary for them to act as a metric capable of supporting large-scale spatial navigation

Exact Wave Solutions to 6D Gauged Chiral Supergravity

We describe a broad class of time-dependent exact wave solutions to 6D gauged chiral supergravity with two compact dimensions. These 6D solutions are nontrivial warped generalizations of 4D pp-waves and Kundt class solutions and describe how a broad class of previously-static compactifications from 6D to 4D (sourced by two 3-branes) respond to waves moving along one of the uncompactified directions. Because our methods are generally applicable to any higher dimensional supergravity they are likely to be of use for finding the supergravity limit of time-dependent solutions in string theory. The 6D solutions are interesting in their own right, describing 6D shock waves induced by high energy particles on the branes, and as descriptions of the near-brane limit of the transient wavefront arising from a local bubble-nucleation event on one of the branes, such as might occur if a tension-changing phase transition were to occur.Comment: 22 pages, 1 figure. Minor clarifications added. Accepted in JHE