pulsed electric field assisted juice extraction of frozen thawed blueberries

Pulsed electric field is an efficient method for cell membrane permeabilization of food tissues with most research being done on fresh plant cells. Freeze/thawing is also known to be capable of cell membrane permeabilization. In this work, frozen/thawed European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruits were treated with pulsed electric field in order to further enhance the cell membrane permeabilization and, hence, the quality of blueberry juice during the subsequent pressing process. Blueberries tissues were exposed to 20 μs monopolar square wave pulses of different electric field strength (E = 1–3–5 kV cm-1) and total specific energy input (WT = 1–5–10 kJ kg -1), with their permeabilization being characterized by electrical impedance measurements and cell disintegration index (Zp). The juice, obtained after pressing (1.32 bar), was characterized for total polyphenols, anthocyanins content and antioxidant activity. The cell disintegration index (Zp) significantly (p < 0.05) increased from 0.2 up to 0.6 with increasing pulsed electric field treatment intensity (E and WT). As a results, in comparison with control, pulsed electric field treatment induced a slightly higher release of polyphenols (up to +8.0%) and anthocyanins (up to +8.3%), thus improving the antioxidant activity of the juice (up to +16.7%). In conclusion, frozen/thawed blueberries could be pulsed electric field treated in order to further increase juice quality

Development of A Method for Determining the Morpholinium Thiazotate Using More Economic and Green GC/MS Assay with an Fid Detector

One of the main steps in the pharmaceutical development of drugs is the choice of quality control methods. The correctness of the method must be confirmed by validation. In addition, manufacturers take into account various economic and environmental factors. It is especially important to determine the above aspects for domestic and promising drugs, such as the morpholinium thiazotate. The aim. During the development of methods for the routine analysis of medicinal products, attention should be paid to efficiency of analysis, budget, as well as their impact to the environment. Because of this reason, not only new methods for routine analysis should be developed. It is important this methods must be environmentally-friendly and cost-efficient. Materials and methods. The determination of the morpholinium thiazotate was carried out by HPLC using the SunFire C18 (150 mm × 4,6 mm, 5,0 μm) and gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector using the Rxi-5 ms (30 m long, 0.25 mm outer diameter and 0.25 μm liquid stationary phase thickness). Results. Various chromatographic methods for the routine quantitative analysis of morpholinium thiazotate were developed. The most suitable conditions for sample preparation were established. Proposed methods were compared to find the most ecological and economic. Conclusions. Proposed methods were accurate and reliable. However, an environmental impact assessment showed that GC-FID is a more environmentally friendly and economical method of analysis. Using 12 Principles of green analytical chemistry, the overall “analytical GREEnness (AGREE)” scale for the proposed analytical approach was computed 0.72, showing the good greener nature of the proposed analytical approac