Badanie prospektywne zale˝noÊci pomi´dzy poziomem wolnego insulinopodobnego czynnika wzrostu (IGF-1) w surowicy krwi a zaawansowaniem nowotworu u pacjentek z rakiem endometrium

Abstract Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma is a common malignancy of the female genital tract. There is a strong correlation between myometrial invasion and clinical prognosis. Increasing myometrial penetration is associated with an increasing risk of pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastasis, adnexal metastasis, positive peritoneal cytology, local vault recurrence, and hematogenous spread. The causal role for Insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin in endometrial carcinogenesis is well supported and insulin and IGF system have mitogenic and antiapoptotic activity. Endometrial cancer cell lines express high-affinity insulin receptors, consistent with there being a direct biological effect of insulin and IGF system on the growth and myometrial invasion of endometrial cancer cells. Material and methods: Patients with endometrial carcinoma have been divided into three groups: tumor confined to the endometrium (stage IA, n:24), endometrial carcinoma with a minimal invasion (less than 50% of the myometrium; stage IB, n:32), and the control group (n:40). Demographic factors, estradiol and free IGF-1 plasma levels have been compared in all groups. Results: Lower Free IGF-1 plasma levels were found in patients with myometrial invasion when compared to the patients without myometrial invasion. Conclusions: In the following work we have presented the current understanding of endometrial carcinoma, association between free IGF-1 plasma levels and myometrial invasion in patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma in terms of management and survival.Streszczenie Wstęp: Rak trzonu macicy jest częstym nowotworem narządu rodnego. Istnieje zależność pomiędzy stopniem naciekania macicy a rokowaniem. Wraz z zaawansowaniem nacieku na ścianę mięśniową macicy wzrasta ryzyko wystąpienia przerzutów do węzłów chłonnych miednicy i okołoaortalych, nacieku na przydatki, wznów w obrębie sklepienia pochwy, obecności komórek nowotworowych w badaniach cytologicznych płynu z jamy otrzewnowej oraz rozsiewu komórek nowotworowych za pośrednictwem krwi. Insulina i insulinopodobny czynnik wzrostu (IGF-1) pobudzają komórki do rozrostu, mają właściwości antyapoptotyczne oraz są znanymi czynnikami ryzyka raka trzonu macicy. Jednocześnie komórki nowotworowe wywodzące się z endometrium wykazują wysoką ekspresję receptorów o silnym powinowactwie wobec insuliny. Materiał i metodyka: Pacjentki z rakiem endometrium podzielono na 3 grupy: chore z rakiem ograniczonym do endometrium (n:24), następnie pacjentki, u których naciek nie przekraczał 1 grubości ściany mięśniowej (n:32) i grupę kontrolną (n:40). U pacjentek analizowano czynniki demograficzne, badano poziom estradiolu i IGF-1 w surowicy krwi. Wyniki: Poziomy IGF-1 w surowicy krwi były niższe u pacjentek z obecnym naciekiem ściany mięśniowej w porównaniu z chorymi z naciekiem ograniczonym do endometrium. Wnioski: Przedstawiliśmy obecną wiedzę na temat raka trzonu macicy, zależności pomiędzy poziomem wolnego IGF-1 w surowicy krwi a stopniem naciekania na ścianę endometrium u pacjentek z rakiem endometrium, pod kątem postępowania i przeżycia chorych

Regulation of glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity with salt pre-treatment under heat stress in maize leaves

Abstract- The present study was conducted to present the responses of heat-sensitive (Shemal) and heat-tolerant (71MAY69) maize cultivars under heat stress (at 40 °C for 2 hours in 2 days) with pre-salinity treatment (50 mM NaCl) to determine the relation of salicylic acid (SA) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity in those responses. Relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content (CHL), stomatal conductance (gs), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, GST enzyme and isoenzyme activity and internal SA levels were investigated. While heat treatments resulted in low RWC, CHL gs and high MDA and H2O2 levels in sensitive cultivar, all these values were lower in tolerant cultivar. Compared to single heat stress treatments, heat stress with pre-salinity treatment increased GST enzyme and isozyme activity of both cultivars. Results also indicated that pre-salinity treatment triggered internal SA levels and hydrogen peroxide contents in sensitive leaves according to control groups. Such hydrogen peroxide levels also decreased by increasing total GST and isozyme activities under heat alone, pre-salinity treatment alone. As a result, it could be said that SA is a good signal for the changes of GST enzyme activity under heat stress treatment

Attitudes of Health Professionals towards Mental Disorders: Studies in Turkey during the Last Decade

People with mental disorders often manifest their extraordinary characters through their speech and behavior, which in turn creates reactionary attitudes in society. In the same manner, health professionals, as members of the society, can express negative attitudes towards psychiatry patients. Since they provide health services and serve as “consultants” and “role models” for the well-being of people, their discriminating and stigmatizing attitudes may also preclude the involvement of these patients in medical care. Therefore, attitude researches today primarily focus on to analyze the attitudes of health professionals. While a majority of the studies include psychiatrists, general practitioners, specialists and medical students, only a limited number of studies refer to staff nurses and nursing students. The review of literature in this study, therefore, was limited with the researches carried out in the last decade. The aim of this study was to analyze the attitude researches focused on the attitudes of health professionals, especially those of nursing and nursing students in Turkey, and to clarify the similarities and differences with relevant studies. The results of the review illustrated that the attitudes of health professionals towards psychiatry patients and psychiatric disorders have not changed for the last ten years and remained fundamentally discriminating and refusing. The medical curricula in Turkey should be redesigned so as to raise awareness in the course contents of medicine and nursing schools against the negative attitudes during both undergraduate and postgraduate education. Moreover, a more inclusive review of the factors that may have influenced the attitudes towards mental illnesses should be carried out and specially designed education and research programs should be implemented

Mrs. Dalloway’in İncelenmesi: Modernist Öğeler Olarak Değişim ve Gerçeğe Uyanış Olgusu

Mrs. Dalloway (1925) by Virginia Woolf is an acknowledged modernist novel which includes the sense of change and disillusionment as modernist elements. Woolf provides readers with illustrations of characters highlighting illusional reality and disillusionment throughout the novel. Although Clarissa Dalloway is not depicted as a disillusioned character within previous studies, both Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith represent disillusioned individuals in a modernist society. Thus, the aim of this article is to analyze the sense of change and disillusionment in Mrs. Dalloway via examining Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith as disillusioned characters who share similarities. To this end, the issues of social approval, marriage, war and trust towards institutions as products of civilization are discussed within the scope of this article

Mrs. Dalloway Revised: The Sense of Change and Disillusionment

Mrs. Dalloway (1925) by Virginia Woolf is an acknowledged modernist novel which includes the sense of change and disillusionment as modernist elements. Woolf provides readers with illustrations of characters highlighting illusional reality and disillusionment throughout the novel. Although Clarissa Dalloway is not depicted as a disillusioned character within previous studies, both Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith represent disillusioned individuals in a modernist society. Thus, the aim of this article is to analyze the sense of change and disillusionment in Mrs. Dalloway via examining Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith as disillusioned characters who share similarities. To this end, the issues of social approval, marriage, war and trust towards institutions as products of civilization are discussed within the scope of this article

Iridium(I)-Catalyzed C-C and C-N Bond Formation Reactions via the Borrowing Hydrogen Strategy

###EgeUn###Iridium(I) complexes having an imidazol-2-ylidene ligand with benzylic wingtips efficiently catalyzed the beta-alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols and acceptorless dehydrogenative cyclization of 2-aminobenzyl alcohol with ketones through a borrowing hydrogen pathway. The beta-alkylated alcohols, including cholesterol derivatives, and substituted quinolines were obtained in good yields by using a minute amount of the catalyst with a catalytic amount of NaOH or KOH under the air atmosphere, liberating water (and H-2 in the case of quinoline synthesis) as the sole byproduct. Notably, this system demonstrated turnover numbers of 940 000 (for beta-alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols by using down to 0.0001 mol % = 1 ppm of the catalyst) and 9200 (acceptorless dehydrogenative cyclization of 2-aminobenzyl alcohol with ketones).Research Fund of the Ege University [18-FEN-046, FGA-2019-20384]; Turkish Academy of Science (TUBA)Turkish Academy of SciencesThis work was supported by the Research Fund of the Ege University (project numbers: 18-FEN-046 and FGA-2019-20384). Sertac Genc, B.A., and B.C. acknowledge the Turkish Academy of Science (TUBA) for the fellowship

p Effect of Left and Right Semi-Elevated Side-Lying Positions on Feeding Performance of Preterm Infants

Objective: To determine the effect of right and left semi-elevated side-lying positions on the feeding performance and skills of bottle-fed preterm infants. Design: A single-group, crossover experimental study. Settings: Level 3 NICU of a training and research hospital in Istanbul. Participants: A total of 60 preterm infants born at 24 to 36 6/7 weeks gestation. Methods: We collected data using an infant information form, feeding observation form, and the Turkish version of the Early Feeding Skills Assessment (EFS-Turkish). For each infant, we collected data for two feeds: one in the right and one in the left semi-elevated side-lying position. Results: We found no difference between the right and left semi-elevated side-lying positions in the volume or percentage of food taken (p = .582 and p = .625, respectively), feeding duration (p = .901), or feeding efficiency (p = .423). We observed no significant differences between feedings in the left and right semi-elevated side-lying positions in mean EFS-Turkish total score (p = .251) or subscale scores (p > .05). Conclusion: Neonatal nurses can feed preterm infants in both directions of the semi-elevated side-lying position when following evidence-based feeding guidelines