Flavour and Spin of the Proton and the Meson Cloud

We present a complete set of formulas for longitudinal momentum distribution functions (splitting functions) of mesons in the nucleon. It can be applied in the framework of convolution formalism to the deep-inelastic structure functions (quark distributions) of the nucleon viewed as a system composed of virtual 'mesons' and 'baryons'. Pseudoscalar and vector mesons as well as octet and decuplet baryons are included. In contrast to many approaches in the literature the present approach ensures charge and momentum conservation by the construction. We present not only spin averaged splitting functions but also helicity dependent ones, which can be used to study the spin content of the nucleon. The cut-off parameters of the underlying form factors for different vertices are determined from high-energy particle production data. This information allows one to calculate the flavour and spin content of the nucleon. The value of the Gottfried Sum Rule obtained from our model (S_G = 0.224) nicely agrees with that obtained by the NMC. In addition, we calculate the x-dependence of the \bar d - \bar u asymmetry and get an impressive agreement with a recent fit of Martin-Stirling-Roberts. The calculated axial coupling constants for semileptonic decays of the octet baryons agree with the experimental data already with SU(6) wave function for the bare nucleon. Although we get improvements for the Ellis-Jaffe Sum Rules for the proton and neutron in comparison to the naive quark model, the MCM is not sufficient to reproduce the experimental data.Comment: written in ReVTex, 53 pages, 11 PS-figure

On the phenomenological analyses of ss-sˉ{\bar s} asymmetry in the nucleon sea

Two phenomenological models which give opposite predictions for the $s$-${\bar s}$ asymmetry in the nucleon sea are re-analyzed carefully. It is pointed out that although the quantitative results in both models depend dramatically on the parameters, the predictions for the shape of $s(x)-{\bar s}(x)$ in the two models are parameter independent and opposite. Thereby the coming experiments are likely to be able to distinguish the two models. We find that the reason for the two models giving opposite predictions is that the fluctuation functions and parametrizations for the strange (anti-strange) quark distribution in the baryon (meson) in the two models are quite different. To further investigate these models, we use the same parametrizations for the strange (anti-strange) distributions of the baryon (meson) in the two models. We find that one of the models depends strongly on the parameter which controls the behavior of the meson-baryon fluctuation function. Also the two models agree on the shape and size of $s$-${\bar s}$ for some values of the model parameters, but can disagree strongly for others.Comment: RevTex, 11 pages, 7 Postscript figure

A comprehensive fracture prevention strategy in older adults: The European union geriatric medicine society (EUGMS) statement

Prevention of fragility fractures in older people has become a public health priority, although the most appropriate and cost-effective strategy remains unclear. In the present statement, the Interest group on falls and fracture prevention of the European union geriatric medicine society (EUGMS), in collaboration with the International association of gerontology and geriatrics for the European region (IAGG-ER), the European union of medical specialists (EUMS), the Fragility fracture network (FFN), the International osteoporosis foundation (IOF) – European society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (ECCEO), outlines its views on the main points in the current debate in relation to the primary and secondary prevention of falls, the diagnosis and treatment of bone fragility, and the place of combined falls and fracture liaison services for fracture prevention in older people

Evaluation of Effects of Two Spring Applications of Micronutrients on the Population Density of Common Pistachio Psylla (Agonoscena Pistaciae) in Pistachio Orchards

The common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is one of the most detrimental pests to pistachio trees. This pest is distributed throughout all the pistachio producing regions of Iran. Nowadays various pesticides are used to control the common pistachio psylla, but extensive pesticide spraying against this pest over a period of several years has overpowered its natural enemies. Moreover, the overlapping of generations has resulted in an abundant presence of the pest. Many herbivorous insects can make qualitative distinctions between host plants, they can feed and oviposit preferentially on higher quality plants. Cultural methods such as crop fertilization can affect the susceptibility of plants to insect pests by altering a plant tissue's nutrient level. This study tested nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers on A. pistaciae in pistachio orchards. The experiment was based on complete randomized blocks with three replications and nine treatments including once-applied Zn, Ca, N, NCa, ZnCa, ZnN, ZnCaN, pesticide (amitraz) and a control (distilled water), on common pistachio psylla fed on 20-year-old pistachio trees of Ahmadaghaei rootstock. The results demonstrated that the effect of nutritional solutions on nymph and egg populations showed a significant difference at a 5% level. The highest measure of control on eggs was related to amitraz, ZnCa and Zn while the least was related to NZn. The results also showed that the highest measure of pest control was related to Ca while the least was related to N and Zn. The results indicated that combinations of the elements mentioned had a stronger reducing effect on the concentration of pistachio psylla nymphs than the effect pesticide had

A comprehensive fracture prevention strategy in older adults: The European union geriatric medicine society (EUGMS) statement

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the pagePrevention of fragility fractures in older people has become a public health priority, although the most appropriate and cost-effective strategy remains unclear. In the present statement, the Interest group on falls and fracture prevention of the European union geriatric medicine society (EUGMS), in collaboration with the International association of gerontology and geriatrics for the European region (IAGG-ER), the European union of medical specialists (EUMS), the Fragility fracture network (FFN), the International osteoporosis foundation (IOF) - European society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (ECCEO), outlines its views on the main points in the current debate in relation to the primary and secondary prevention of falls, the diagnosis and treatment of bone fragility, and the place of combined falls and fracture liaison services for fracture prevention in older people. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS