Geostatistical integration of core and well log data for high-resolution reservoir modeling

Title from PDF of title page, viewed on June 1, 2012Thesis advisor: Jejung LeeVitaIncludes bibliographic references (p. 106-110)Thesis (M.S.)--Dept. of Geosciences. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2012Analyzing data derived from well logging and core plugs to understand the heterogeneity of porosity in geologic formations is paramount in petrological studies. The well-log data and core-plug data are integrated in order to generate an accurate model describing the porosity distribution; however these data exist at different scales and resolution. This difference necessitates scaling of one or both sets of the data to aid in integration. The present study established a geostatistical scaling (GS) model combining mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis and standard deviation with a misfit algorithm and sequential Gaussian simulation to integrate porosity data in conjunction with correlating the depth of core-plug data within the well-log data through a scaling process. The GS model examined well-log porosity data from a Permian-age formation in the Hugoton Embayment in Kansas and well log data from a Cretaceous-age formation in the GyeongSang Basin in The Republic of Korea. Synthetic core-plug porosity data was generated from well-log data with random number generation. The GS model requires basic histograms and variogram models for scaling the computerized tomography (CT) plug data to well log scale as well as integrating the data in a sequential Gaussian simulation. Variance-based statistics were calculated within specific intervals, based on the CT plug size, then a best fit for depth correlation determined. A new correlation algorithm, named the multiplicative inverse misfit correlation method (MIMC), was formulated for accurate depth correlation. This associated depth then constrained the well log porosity data at reservoir- or field-scale to interpolate higher-resolution porosity distributions. Results for all the wells showed the MIMC method accurately identified the depth from which the CT plug data originated. The porosity from the CT plug data was applied in a sequential Gaussian co-simulation, after kriging the well log data. This culminated in a greater refinement in determining the higher porosities distributions than the interpolation of solely the well log data. These results validate the proposed high-resolution model for integrating data and correlating depths in reservoir characterization.Introduction -- Geostatistical framework -- Formulation of the geostatistical scaling model -- Applications of the model: case studies -- Discussion of results -- Conclusion -- Appendi

Through the Looking Glass: Investigating Incivility and Depletion through a Cognitive Process Lens

Background Experiencing incivility at work is a common phenomenon that has increased in recent years (Porath & Pearson, 2014). In addition, the effects of experiencing incivility are not bound to the workplace and can continue to negatively impact individuals after they leave work (e.g., Fritz et al., 2019). However, little is known about the mechanisms which transmit the experience of incivility at work to one’s non-work domain. One such mechanism that may be associated with detrimental outcomes of incivility at work in the non-work domain is depletion (Christian & Ellis, 2011), which represents a reduced state of cognitive capacity. However, the use of activing coping mechanisms may buffer the effects of experienced incivility on depletion. Specifically, we will examine how an individual’s cognitive appraisal of experienced incivility influences coping mechanisms, which in turn may buffer (through active coping) or exacerbate (through maladaptive coping) the relationship between workplace incivility and depletion. Please see Figure 1 for the proposed theoretical model. Method Participants will include approximately 100 working adults recruited via Prolific. Participants will be prescreened to ensure they are full-time working adults who are not self-employed and interact with coworkers/supervisors on a regular basis. Participants will complete a baseline survey and daily-diary surveys for 10 working-days. Adapted measures will include incivility (6 items, Cortina et al., 2001), cognitive appraisal (5 items, Cortina & Mangley, 2009), self-report depletion (6 items, Christian & Ellis, 2011), and coping (6 items, Fitzgerald, 1990), as well as job and personal demographic items. Proposed Analyses We will conduct multilevel analyses via path modeling, with hypothesized relationships modeled at the within-level (level 1); we will examine the use of statistical control at the between- and within- levels. Preliminary Discussion We expect to see a strong association between experienced workplace incivility and depletion. Cognitive appraisal should be associated with the use of coping mechanisms, such that positive cognitive appraisal will be associated with more adaptive coping following experienced incivility. Our study will contribute to research determining the relationship between individual’s experiences of workplace incivility and spillover effects via depletion

Cyber incivility and spillover effects: A proposed mediation model

Background Incivility is pervasive in the workplace, affecting upwards of 96% of employees across their work lives, with approximately 50% of employees indicating they experience incivility regularly, on a weekly basis. Recent research indicates that given the massive shift to virtual work, the incidence and impact of cyber incivility associated with work is an increasing issue. Although the individual and organizational effects of cyber incivility on work outcomes are well researched, less is known about how this low-intensity, deviant behavior affects the target of cyber incivility in other domains, such as the home domain. The present study will examine the association of cyber incivility on target angry and withdrawn behaviors at home, through the spillover mechanism of affective rumination via affective events theory. It is hypothesized that daily experienced cyber incivility will be positively associated with both angry behavior (H1) and withdrawal behavior (H2) at home. Additionally, work-related affective rumination is hypothesized to mediate the relationship between daily experienced cyber incivility and both aggression (H3a) and withdrawal (H3b) at home. Proposed Method Approximately 100 participants who work full-time will be enrolled in the study via Prolific Academic, an online participant crowdsourcing site. To date, the sample size consists of 63 participants who have completed 10-day daily surveys. Participants will be pre-screened to ensure they are 18 or older, work full-time, and interact with coworkers and supervisors daily. Proposed Analyses Hypotheses H1-H3b will be assessed using multilevel path analysis because of the hierarchical nature of the data (daily observations will be nested within individuals). Daily variables (level 1) will be person-mean centered, while between-person variables (e.g., aggregate means of constructs of interest, demographics, and trait characteristics) will be grand-mean centered and controlled for at the between-person level (level 2). Because mediation is hypothesized, indirect effects will be examined using bootstrapped estimates and confidence interval coverage. Expected Results & Implications Results from this study are expected to provide support for the episodic occurrence of work-related cyber incivility and its effects on at-home behavior, providing support for spillover effects between work and home. This is significant because work-related cyber incivility is on the rise with the shift to virtual work and is an understudied phenomenon. Understanding how experienced work-related cyber incivility impacts employees at home behavior will allow for the development of targeted interventions

Exploring psychological detachment, work-related rumination and role-centrality in working from home

Background The change in environment and commute from work to home help to signal psychological detachment, defined by physically and mentally disengaging from work-related thoughts (Smit, 2016). The combination of modern communication technology and a global pandemic has pushed many employees into working from home regularly, eliminating these signals for psychological detachment. Using effort-recovery theory (Meijman & Mulder, 1998), which suggests that investment of mental resources to deal with work-related demands leads to depletion, we hypothesize that work-related rumination will be associated with the inability to psychologically detach from work (Martin & Tesser, 1996). In addition, role centrality is hypothesized to moderate the relationship between work-related rumination and psychological detachment. Greater work-role centrality should make it harder to psychologically detach while at home, as individuals with greater work-role centrality place more emphasis on their work roles (Thoits, 1992; Krause, 1994). Furthermore, research suggests that women experience higher levels of work interference with family than men, even when job demands are equivalent (Mcelwain et al., 2005), therefore we will examine whether gender differences exist in these relationships. See Figure 1 for the proposed theoretical model. Method Participants will include 167 tenure-track and tenured academics employed by U.S. higher education institutions who completed a survey between April-May 2020 at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Instructors and contingent faculty were unable to participate due to disparities in performance appraisal and promotion for rank. A Qualtrics link was sent to department heads from multiple universities and shared amongst their social networks. The survey consisted work and personal demographics, as well measures assessing role centrality (Paullay et al., 1994); psychological detachment (Sonnentag & Fritz, 2007); and work-related affective rumination (Cropley et al., 2008). Proposed Analyses Data will need to be cleaned and coded before using SPSS and M+ for statistical analysis. Analysis will include stepwise regression, nested model comparison to examine gender differences, and descriptive statistics such as correlation analysis to understand the sample. Preliminary Discussion We expect to see a negative association between psychological detachment and work-related rumination. Role centrality is expected to moderate the relationship between work-related rumination and psychological detachment such that those whose role centrality is focused on work will experience less psychological detachment. We also expect gender differences in these relationships because of the gender discrepancies in the division of household responsibilities. Our study will aid in understanding how this evolving work-family conflict affects well-being and the ability to psychologically detach from work responsibilities, as well as the gender differences involved in these relationships

Investigating the Gendered Effects of Caregiving Policies in Academia

Although women receive more doctorates across disciplines, they continue to be underrepresented in academia with representation of women faculty diminishing at higher ranks relative to their male counterparts. This phenomenon is known as the ‘leaky pipeline,’ and is frequently observed in STEM fields, though it exists across disciplines. Previous studies suggest the motherhood penalty heavily impacts women’s careers, especially in academia where biological and tenure clocks coincide. The overall aim of this study is to examine the gendered effects of caregiving policies for faculty in STEM fields at regional comprehensive universities through integrating the Work-Home Resources (W-HR) Model and feminist economics. Feminist economics highlights the unequal challenges faced by women and men, which are often overlooked in gender-neutral caregiving policies. The W-HR Model posits that demands in one domain, such as caregiving responsibilities, can spill over to affect resources in another domain, potentially impacting work outcomes. This study will employ a mixed-methods approach, incorporating publicly available data on caregiving policies and the number of male and female STEM faculty pre- and post-policy implementation from university websites; survey measures assessing work (i.e., productivity, workload) and well-being outcomes (i.e., family guilt, work-family conflict); and structured interviews to gather in-depth insights on parental leave policies and return-to-work experiences. The sample will include approximately 150 faculty from STEM disciplines who have utilized caregiving policies at regional comprehensive universities in the United States. Following the implementation of caregiving policies, we expect a decrease in the number of women faculty in STEM from Assistant to Associate Professor ranks. We also expect women faculty in STEM to report spending significantly more time on caregiving responsibilities than their male counterparts, as well as report significantly poorer work-related and well-being outcomes linked to caregiving compared to male colleagues. The study contributes to both research and practice by informing our understanding of the impact of caregiving policies on gender disparities in academia and guiding interventions to enhance the retention of women faculty in STEM at regional comprehensive universities. Achieving gender equity in academia necessitates addressing these issues, and this research aims to facilitate that progress

Introductory programming: a systematic literature review

As computing becomes a mainstream discipline embedded in the school curriculum and acts as an enabler for an increasing range of academic disciplines in higher education, the literature on introductory programming is growing. Although there have been several reviews that focus on specific aspects of introductory programming, there has been no broad overview of the literature exploring recent trends across the breadth of introductory programming. This paper is the report of an ITiCSE working group that conducted a systematic review in order to gain an overview of the introductory programming literature. Partitioning the literature into papers addressing the student, teaching, the curriculum, and assessment, we explore trends, highlight advances in knowledge over the past 15 years, and indicate possible directions for future research