CHALLENGES OF MIGRANT FAMILIES FROM EASTERN MACEDONIA

Since its independence in 1991, the Republic of North Macedonia has faced a difficultprocess of transition, economic and political changes, continuous high unemployment ratesand an armed conflict. In addition, the processes of globalization, industrialization andurbanization, as well as the rapid advancement of digital technology and increased mobilityof the population, have contributed to numerous social changes that inevitably reflected onfamily structures and functions.Today, the modern Macedonian family is very dynamic and it is adapting to internaland external changes and challenges, whilst family members strive for better life qualityand conditions. In addition to internal migration from rural to urban areas in the country, inthe past decades there is an increased emigration from North Macedonia towards EuropeanUnion member states, as well as overseas countries. The region of Eastern Macedonia wasparticularly affected by the emigration of entire families, due for several reasons, the mostcommon of which are: high unemployment rates, poor economic conditions and politicalinstability in the country.In this paper we will present an analysis of the current situation in Eastern Macedonia,as well a research on the challenges faced by migrant families from the municipality of Vinica

MIGRANT FAMILIES FROM WESTERN MACEDONIA

In the past years, the emigration of population from the Republic of North Macedonia isa highly relevant topic. Special focus is given to the reasons for emigration which are mostlyidentified as economic reasons, i.e. low income rates, poor living standards, unemploymentand poverty. This paper analyzes emigration trends from Western Macedonia, a region thatis particularly affected by emigration flows in contemporary Macedonian history. The paperpresents detailed statistical data regarding emigrants from Western Macedonia according togender, origin, marital status, age, reasons for emigration, employment, education, ethnicity,etc. Additionally, the paper will present a research conducted during 2020 regarding migrantfamilies from Western Macedonia, their reasons for emigration, the changes that occurredafter the emigration process was completed, life contentment in the new country and thepossibility of returning to the homeland

UNITED NATIONS CONTRIBUTION TO FAMILIES (FOCUS ON FAMILY INTERNATIONAL DAY)

The International Family Day on May 15 has been proclaimed by the United Nations since 1993 and since then it has been celebrated all over the world. This day provides an opportunity to promote awareness of family issues and to increase knowledge about social, economic and demographic processes affecting families. The importance the United Nations gives to the family by marking this day shows that despite the many transformations of families over the past years in terms of their structure and functions, the family is still recognized as a founded unit / cell of society. The interest of this organization for the family as a community and its well-being began in the early eighties. In 1983, on the basis of the recommendations of the Economic and Social Council, the Commission for Social Development, in its Resolution on the role of the family in the development process (1983/23), requested the Secretary-General to raise awareness among decision-makers and the public on the problems; the needs of the family. Thus, the United Nations is beginning to focus on family issues. This paper reviews the topics under which the International Family Day has been celebrated over the years, as well as the issues that have been relevant in the given period. Similarly, the purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamics of issues related to families that the United Nations considers important

SUPPORT OF FAMILIES WITH A CHILD WITH DISABILITIES IN DEVELOPMENT

Family of a child with disabilities faces several social risks at the same time, child developmental challenges on one hand, and obtaining appropriate support from the relevant institutions, on the other. As a country in a long transition, we still do not have appropriate system of formal and informal social support, or it functions at an unsatisfactory level, due to which families face a series of additional problems. The aim of our research is to give an overview of the social legislation for improving quality of life of a child with disabilities and his/her family. We try to determinate the financial benefits offered by the state and identifying eventual discrimination in the legal regulation. According to the obtained results, we found that there are several discriminatory decisions in the allocation of benefits. One of those benefits is the special allowance which according to the latest changes it value is 5.096 den for 2019. It is intended for several categories of disability, but not for persons with mild intellectual disability, which is a kind of discrimination because this category of children is the most numerous among children with intellectual disability, and on the other hand usually they come from families with the lowest social and economic status

Distance learning in higher education during COVID-19 : The role of basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation for persistence and procrastination–a multi-country study

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher educational institutions worldwide switched to emergency distance learning in early 2020. The less structured environment of distance learning forced students to regulate their learning and motivation more independently. According to self-determination theory (SDT), satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and social relatedness affects intrinsic motivation, which in turn relates to more active or passive learning behavior. As the social context plays a major role for basic need satisfaction, distance learning may impair basic need satisfaction and thus intrinsic motivation and learning behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between basic need satisfaction and procrastination and persistence in the context of emergency distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional study. We also investigated the mediating role of intrinsic motivation in this relationship. Furthermore, to test the universal importance of SDT for intrinsic motivation and learning behavior under these circumstances in different countries, we collected data in Europe, Asia and North America. A total of N = 15,462 participants from Albania, Austria, China, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Kosovo, Lithuania, Poland, Malta, North Macedonia, Romania, Sweden, and the US answered questions regarding perceived competence, autonomy, social relatedness, intrinsic motivation, procrastination, persistence, and sociodemographic background. Our results support SDT’s claim of universality regarding the relation between basic psychological need fulfilment, intrinsic motivation, procrastination, and persistence. However, whereas perceived competence had the highest direct effect on procrastination and persistence, social relatedness was mainly influential via intrinsic motivation.Peer reviewe

Distance learning in higher education during COVID-19: The role of basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation for persistence and procrastination–a multi-country study

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher educational institutions worldwide switched to emergency distance learning in early 2020. The less structured environment of distance learning forced students to regulate their learning and motivation more independently. According to self-determination theory (SDT), satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and social relatedness affects intrinsic motivation, which in turn relates to more active or passive learning behavior. As the social context plays a major role for basic need satisfaction, distance learning may impair basic need satisfaction and thus intrinsic motivation and learning behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between basic need satisfaction and procrastination and persistence in the context of emergency distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional study. We also investigated the mediating role of intrinsic motivation in this relationship. Furthermore, to test the universal importance of SDT for intrinsic motivation and learning behavior under these circumstances in different countries, we collected data in Europe, Asia and North America. A total of N = 15,462 participants from Albania, Austria, China, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Kosovo, Lithuania, Poland, Malta, North Macedonia, Romania, Sweden, and the US answered questions regarding perceived competence, autonomy, social relatedness, intrinsic motivation, procrastination, persistence, and sociodemographic background. Our results support SDT’s claim of universality regarding the relation between basic psychological need fulfilment, intrinsic motivation, procrastination, and persistence. However, whereas perceived competence had the highest direct effect on procrastination and persistence, social relatedness was mainly influential via intrinsic motivation.</p

Fixed prosthetics over implant-tooth support – survival rate over 4 years of follow up

Long – term survival rate of bridges over implants is the goal of the implant therapy. Often fixed bridges are supported by combination of natural teeth and implants. OBJECTIVE: Our goal is to check the survival rate of the prosthetics over combination of natural teeth and implants comparing to fixed prosthetics over natural teeth within 4 years of follow up. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The patients were divided into 2 groups. The implant group of 20 patients with 32 implants were planned to support 25 fixed bridges supported by combination of implants and natural teeth and the control group of 20 patients with 25 fixed bridges over natural teeth. Clinical data according survival rate criteria were evaluated at the baseline, 3 months, 1 year and 4 years after the finished prosthetic therapy. RESULTS: The results could not show any significant difference in any of scheduled check-up periods. CONCLUSION: Well-planned implant placement and precise prosthetic work with special attention of the balanced occlusion is the key for long – term high survival rate of the prosthetic reconstructions which appears to be of higher value than the type of the support of the fixed prosthetic reconstruction itself. Key words: Prosthetic over implants, prosthetic over implant-tooth support, survival rate

Benefits from Er:YAG LASER therapy in daily dental practice

Er:YAG laser got very popular among dental practitioners because of its unique abilities for soft and hard tissue ablation, bactericidal effect and improved wound healing. Therefore Er:YAG laser is applicable in many dental procedures. In order to compare the Er:YAG laser vs. conventional protocols in aspect of improving the time management in the daily dental work, we have compared chair time, number of visits, over all time needed for completing the whole treatment plan and patient`s comfort for the following indications: prosthetic reconstructions on fractured teeth, patients with “gummy smile”, patients with moderate chronic periodontitis, patients with aggressive periodontitis, localized traumatic occlusion associated attachment loss and second stage of implant procedures. We have developed protocols for including the Er:YAG laser in the therapy of these procedures. Following the patients at least one year after the Er:YAG laser treatment protocol, we have concluded improvement in: decreasing of number of visits and over all time needed to complete the whole treatment plan with sustainable result for almost all the indications as well as improving the patient`s comfort and perception of dental procedures that Er:YAG laser treatment offers. Including this wavelength into daily dental practice, dentistsimprove their therapyconcepts but also improve their practice success in many ways

English

Adolescent pregnancy is a problem that societies face, regardless of the level of development. Despite the availability of information and the availability of contraception, as well as the right to an abortion that is guaranteed in most modern societies, countries face many cases of adolescent pregnancies. Pregnancy in the period of adolescence irreversibly changes the lives of minors. It has an influence on their health, their education, social life and their future as adults. Also, the families of the under-aged parents are directly affected by the consequences, disrupting the functionality of the family. In a wider sense, the health system and social functioning are burdened in their entirety. &nbsp;Therefore, it’s important to prevent adolescent pregnancies. Contraception is the primary protection against unwanted pregnancy and insufficient and inconsistent application of contraception, as well as the lack of information among young people about the available methods of contraception, can be one of the main causes of adolescent pregnancies. Integrated sexuality education for adolescents can be a great benefit to educate adolescents about risk factors of pregnancy in early life. The influence of parents is crucial in the prevention of adolescent pregnancy. This paper's intention is to analyses the current situation on this topic, through available indicators on birth rates, maternal and children mortality worldwide. Qualitative research conducted between the student (18-22), should give more information about the use of contraception between young people, their opinion about the importance of contraception… Important questions are: Are they well informed about contraception; are the contraception products available; Are they feel free enough to talk with their parents on those topics..etc. Key words:&nbsp;Adolescents, Pregnancy, Adolescent Pregnancy, Teenagers, Family, Contraception

Diagnostic accuracy of different oral screening methods in detection of potentially malignant disorders

Background: Early detection of oral cancer could improve therapeutic results and reduce morbidity and mortality. The main objective in doing this research was to access the diagnostic accuracy of conventional oral examination (COE) and light-based detection, used singly or in combination, for the early detection of potentially malignant disorder (PMD) or oral cancer development. This manuscript systematically examines the literature data associated with oral cancer screening methods and case-finding aids in this context. Are all the techniques and methods available on the market really valuable and evidence-based supported? Can they be used in everyday dentistry alone or as a supplement to the traditional intra and extraoral head and neck exam? Research explains why oral cancer screening in the dental set up is important. We will present the variety of values of the certain diagnostic methods and their potential implication in the routine dental visits as the first line of defense with these life-threatening oral diseases