History on the Pitch: The Social and Economic Impact of Professional Soccer in Postwar London

Today, the United Kingdom’s multi-billion dollar soccer industry is driven by global interest, lucrative advertising and television contracts, and sports betting. Furthermore, the creation of the Premier League in 1992 shows the sport is not just a game, but rather a way of life. Yet over a half-century earlier the United Kingdom began their recovery process in the aftermath of World War II, with London in particular in physical and emotional ruin. Given the important role soccer has played in British society throughout the sport’s history, it is crucial to pinpoint the exact social and economic role of the sport within the context of one of the most critical periods of British history: the post-war, Cold War era. Although the Marshall Plan and other international aid helped London in the recovery process, domestic non-political assistance was still needed. This recovery process was far from rapid as stadiums were damaged and players were slow to return from military service, resulting in a period of several years for the sport to begin to aid in the recovery process. As time passed however, soccer served as part of this non-political assistance providing a major social and economic boost, exemplified by the economic opportunity the sport presented while serving as a social outlet for those hurt by the war. Therefore by looking at the sport through a historic lens as seen through documents, club programs, newspapers and attendance and financial records of London’s soccer clubs during the period in question, soccer’s influence on 20th century British history can be determined and the overarching impact of sport in society can be understood further

Zeit für sich selbst : Muße, Langeweile und die Nutzung digitaler Medien im Alltag ; Zwei Forschungsberichte

Die erste Studie ("Langweilen wir uns noch? Nutzung von digitalen Medien zur unbewussten Prävention von Langeweile") beschäftigt sich mit der Nutzung digitaler Medien als Prävention von Langeweile. Dabei wird hinterfragt, ob die Mediennutzung die Langeweile tatsächlich verhindern kann oder ob dieser Erfolg ausbleibt. Zunächst wird ermittelt, auf welche Weise mit Langeweile umgegangen wird. Darauf aufbauend werden Motive herausgearbeitet, die hinter der digitalen Mediennutzung stehen. Aus dieser Kombination von Mediennutzung und Langeweile leitet sich die Frage nach der bewussten oder unbewussten präemptiven Nutzung von Medien zur Vermeidung von Langweile ab. Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen dient eine qualitativ durchgeführte Gruppendiskussion. - Die zweite Studie ("Langeweile oder Muße: Gründe der Selbstdarstellung in den sozialen Medien") thematisiert potentielle Gründe der Selbstdarstellung in den sozialen Medien vor dem Hintergrund der modernen digitalen Gesellschaft. Dabei werden vorranging die Konstrukte der Muße und der Langeweile sowie deren Zusammenhänge als Gründe für das Posting selbstdarstellerischer Inhalte in Social Media theoretisch betrachtet und methodisch analysiert. Im Rahmen der Forschungsarbeit wird dabei Instagram als beispielhaftes Medium zum Gegenstandsbereich der Untersuchung gewählt. Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage wird die Methode der narrativen Medienforschung angewandt. Basierend auf den Erkenntnissen von fünf qualitativ und narrativ durchgeführten Tiefeninterviews erfolgt mittels einer Inhaltsanalyse eine deduktive sowie induktive Kategorienbildung, die potentielle Gründe der Selbstdarstellung aufzeigt

Comparison of Ulnohumeral Joint Space, Ulnar Collateral Ligament Width, and Abnormality in Collegiate Baseball Players Using Musculoskeletal Ultrasound

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the difference in ulnar collateral ligaments (UCL) between pitchers and position players in collegiate baseball players. Differences were found using musculoskeletal ultrasound and each had both the dominant and non-dominant arms examined. The following research questions guided this study: Is there a difference in ulnohumeral joint space between pitchers and position players, is there a difference in UCL width between pitchers and position players, and is there a difference in the amount of damage to the UCL between pitchers and position players? Both pitchers and position players were found to have changes when compared to their non-dominant side. Position players were found to have significantly wider ligaments than pitchers, which may suggest a difference in forces placed on the elbow. This study introduces ideas that will lead to future research to confirm this data

History on the Pitch: The Social and Economic Impact of Soccer in Post-War London

Today, the United Kingdom’s multi-billion dollar soccer industry is driven by global interest, lucrative advertising and television contracts, and sports betting. Furthermore, the creation of the Premier League in 1992 shows the sport is not just a game, but rather a way of life. Yet over a half-century earlier the United Kingdom began their recovery process in the aftermath of World War II, with London in particular in physical and emotional ruin. Given the important role soccer has played in British society throughout the sport’s history, it is crucial to pinpoint the exact social and economic role of the sport within the context of one of the most critical periods of British history: the post-war, Cold War era. Although the Marshall Plan and other international aid helped London in the recovery process, domestic non-political assistance was still needed. This recovery process was far from rapid as stadiums were damaged and players were slow to return from military service, resulting in a period of several years for the sport to begin to aid in the recovery process. As time passed however, soccer served as part of this non-political assistance providing a major social and economic boost, exemplified by the economic opportunity the sport presented while serving as a social outlet for those hurt by the war. Therefore by looking at the sport through a historic lens as seen through documents, club programs, newspapers and attendance and financial records of London’s soccer clubs during the period in question, soccer’s influence on 20th century British history can be determined and the overarching impact of sport in society can be understood further

Competition of Hydrophobic Steroids with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide, or Dodecyl β‑d‑maltoside for the Dodecane/Water Interface

The surface tension lowering abilities of insoluble steroids, progesterone and testosterone, were examined at the dodecane/water interface in the presence and absence of surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and dodecyl maltoside. In the absence of these surfactants, the steroids significantly lowered the interfacial tension while exhibiting no activity at the air/water and air/dodecane surfaces. Further, in mixtures of surfactants and steroids, significant enhancement of interfacial tension lowering was observed. At a sufficiently high concentration of surfactant, no further lowering of tension was observed in the presence of the steroids. The synergistic effects on interfacial tension of steroids and surfactants were characterized by the free energy of transfer to the interface of each solute based on a two-dimensional solution equation of state. Assuming no significant interaction between the steroids and the surfactants in the interface, predictions of interfacial tensions were made based on the calculated free energies of transfer and interfacial area occupied. Good agreement was found between the predicted values and experimental values for interfacial tension. The results of these studies show that progesterone and testosterone, molecules not normally thought of as surface active, exhibit significant interfacial activity and can successfully compete with surfactants for the dodecane/water interface