Penetration of Sodium Hypochlorite Modified with Surfactants into Root Canal Dentin

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of concentration, exposure time and temperature of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) added with surfactants on its penetration into dentinal tubules. Sixty-five extracted human permanent maxillary anterior teeth with single canals were prepared by ProTaper SX hand-operated instruments. The teeth were then sectioned perpendicular to the long axis. The crowns and apical thirds of all the teeth were removed. The remaining roots were processed into 4-mm-long blocks and stained overnight in crystal violet. One hundred and thirty stained blocks were further split into halves and treated by nine different types of NaOCl-based solutions. Three solutions were added with surfactants (Hypoclean, H6, Chlor-Xtra) and the others were regular hypochlorites at increasing concentrations (1%, 2%, 4%, 5.25%, <6%, 6% NaOCl) from different brands. The dentin blocks were exposed to the solutions for 2, 5, and 20 min at 20 °C, 37 °C and 45 °C, respectively. The depth of NaOCl penetration was determined by bleaching of the stain and measured by light microscopy at 20&#61472;&#61620; and 40&#61620;. Statistical comparisons were made by using a generalized linear model with Bonferroni's post-hoc correction. The shortest penetration (81±6.6 &#956;m) was obtained after incubation in 1% NaOCl for 2 min at 20 °C; the highest penetration (376.3±3.8 &#956;m) was obtained with Chlor-Xtra for 20 min at 45 °C. Varying NaOCl concentration produced a minimal effect while temperature and exposure time had a significant direct relationship with NaOCl penetration into dentinal tubules, especially those with lowered surface tension. The exposure time and temperature of sodium hypochlorite as well as the addition of surfactants may influence the penetration depth of irrigants into dentinal tubules

Situations endodontiques complexes : jusqu’où aller en pratique généraliste ?

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Influence of the powder/liquid ratio on the properties of zinc oxide-eugenol-based root canal sealers

International audienceThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of modifications of the powder/liquid ratio by endodontists on the physical properties recommended by ISO standards as well as on other clinically relevant properties of zinc oxide-eugenol-based root canal sealers. Methods: The powder/liquid ratio of two zinc oxide-eugenol-based root canal sealers (Cortisomol and Pulp Canal Sealer EWT) was recorded by 10 endodontists. The materials, prepared according to the different consistencies, were tested according to ISO standards to evaluate their physical properties. Their sealing efficiency and the release of eugenol were also evaluated on 20 single rooted teeth. Results: Some results varied according to the material. Nevertheless, for both cements, an increased powder/liquid ratio led to a decreased flow, an increased radiopacity and a decreased amount of eugenol released. The variations in the powder/liquid ratio did not influence the dimensional changes and the apical leakage of both cements. Significance: Variations in the powder/liquid ratio of zinc oxide-eugenol-based root canal sealers have a limited influence on the properties of the sealers. The endodontists can prepare the zinc oxide-eugenol-based root canal sealers at their chosen consistency according to the filling technique they use.

Implications of Endodontic-related Sinus Aspergillosis in a Patient Treated by Infliximab: A Case Report

International audienceIntroduction: Sinus aspergillosis is a potential complication after root canal therapy of antral teeth. Indeed, zinc oxide eugenol cement overfilling in the sinus may promote fungal infection. Moreover, if sinus aspergillosis triggers chronic sinusitis with aspergilloma, it may also lead to invasive phenomena, especially for immunocompromised patients. Methods: We reported a sinus aspergillosis case of a patient treated with infliximab (Remicade; Janssen Biologics BV, Leiden, Netherlands). The purpose of this article was to explore the mechanisms of this pathosis, especially the impact of the root canal sealer overextension, which is a contributing factor for fungal infection. The surgical management and the follow-up are also described. Results: Six months after surgery, the patient showed no clinical signs and presented with a healthy and airy right maxillary sinus on the computed tomography scan. Conclusions: In conclusion, prevention and screening of aspergillosis of maxillary sinus may be considered before starting an anti tumor necrosis factor alpha therap

Factors affecting the viscosity of sodium hypochlorite and their effect on irrigant flow

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A preliminary study of a new endodontic irrigation system: Clean Jet Endo ®

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