Prevalence of incidental chronic kidney disease and patient characteristics - results of the EH-UH 2 study and the ENAH project

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease and premature deaths. The worldwide prevalence of CKD in 2017 in the general population is 9.1%. In this paper our primary aim was to present preliminary data on incidental, i.e., newly discov- ered CKD and the overall prevalence of CKD in the adult population in Croatia. Secondary aim was to compare these data with the data of the CKD prevalence of the adult population from the rural part of Croatia (results of the ENAH study). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included random, representative sample of general adults in Croatia, 781 subjects who were part of the large cohort from the EH-UH 2 study. The eGFR was calculated by creatinine-based CKD EPI equation. Albuminuria was determined from the albumin to creatinine ratio in urine (ACR) in 691 subjects. Results: The overall prevalence of CKD in Croatia was 12.7%, of which 9.5% were newly discovered CKD, and only 3.2% were subjects with previously known CKD. According to the albuminuria level, 30.7% of the adult population belonged to the group with a moderate risk of CKD progression, and 7% had a high risk, while 2.5% of the study subjects had a very high risk. Predictors for newly discov- ered CKD are older age, higher urate and potassium, antihypertensive therapy, angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation, lower hemoglobin level. Conclusions: These results continue in a pilot project of the Croatian Kidney Society and the Croatian Hypertension League on the implementation of an action plan to detect new kidney disease in the general population in real life, in a collaboration of primary care physicians and nephrologists

Prevalence of incidental chronic kidney disease and patient characteristics - results of the EH-UH 2 study and the ENAH project

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease and premature deaths. The worldwide prevalence of CKD in 2017 in the general population is 9.1%. In this paper our primary aim was to present preliminary data on incidental, i.e., newly discov- ered CKD and the overall prevalence of CKD in the adult population in Croatia. Secondary aim was to compare these data with the data of the CKD prevalence of the adult population from the rural part of Croatia (results of the ENAH study). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included random, representative sample of general adults in Croatia, 781 subjects who were part of the large cohort from the EH-UH 2 study. The eGFR was calculated by creatinine-based CKD EPI equation. Albuminuria was determined from the albumin to creatinine ratio in urine (ACR) in 691 subjects. Results: The overall prevalence of CKD in Croatia was 12.7%, of which 9.5% were newly discovered CKD, and only 3.2% were subjects with previously known CKD. According to the albuminuria level, 30.7% of the adult population belonged to the group with a moderate risk of CKD progression, and 7% had a high risk, while 2.5% of the study subjects had a very high risk. Predictors for newly discov- ered CKD are older age, higher urate and potassium, antihypertensive therapy, angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation, lower hemoglobin level. Conclusions: These results continue in a pilot project of the Croatian Kidney Society and the Croatian Hypertension League on the implementation of an action plan to detect new kidney disease in the general population in real life, in a collaboration of primary care physicians and nephrologists

Effect of drying temperature on the qualitative properties of lisianthus

Lizijantus (Eustoma grandiflorum) je jednogodišnja ili dvogodišnja zeljasta biljka koja se kod nas uzgaja kao lončanica ili kao cvjetna vrsta za rez. Poznat je i po imenima eustoma, teksaško zvonce, prerijska lincura, tamnoplavi boler, lažna ruža, japanska ruža i prerijska ruža. Lizijantus je popularan kao rezano cvijeće, u buketima i cvjetnim aranžmanima, najviše se koristi u dekorativnoj industriji. Ovisno od sorte, stabljika može narasti od 10 cm do 1 m. Ima ih u različitim bojama, bijeloj, žutoj, zelenoj, ružičastoj, plavoj, ljubičastoj, crvenoj i u dvobojnim kombinacijama boja kao što su bijelo – ljubičasta i bijelo – ružičasta boja. Pripada rodu Eustoma, porodici Gentianaceae, brojne vrste ovog roda uzgajaju se u Japanu i Novom Zelandu, gdje se stalno bave uzgojem novih ukrasnih kultivara ove prekrasne vrste. Svježe rezano cvijeće je dosta skupo i kratkog životnog vijeka. Životni vijek rezanog cvijeta lizijantusa je tjedan dana, ali uz povremenom mijenjanje vode, može se produžiti do dva tjedna. Za potrebe istraživanja korištene su latice bijele, ljubičaste, roze boje i kombinacija boja bijelo – ljubičasta. Latice lizijantusa su sušene na tri različite temperature (40°C, 50°C i 60°C) te prirodno na zraku. Zabilježeno je najbrže sušenje latica pri temperaturi od 60°C. Utvrđen je kemijski sastav prije i nakon konvekcijskog sušenja dehidriranjem, te prirodno sušenog cvijeća na zraku. Također je utvrđena energetska vrijednost listova i stabljike lizijantusa svih četiri kultivara kao otpada cvjećarske proizvodnje, a kao potencijalne sirovine za proizvodnju bioplina.Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) is the annual or biennial herbaceous plant that is cultivated in these parts of the world as a potted plant or as a cut-flower. The common names of Lisianthus are eustoma, Texas bluebell, Prairie Gentian, bluebells, fake rose, Japanese rose, Prairie Rosa. Lisianthus is popular as a cut flower, as an ornamental, mostly used in decor industry. Depending on the variety, plant stem can grow from 10 cm to 1 m in height. Lisianthus comes in various colors such as white, yellow, green, pink, blue, violet, red and bi-colors such as white-violet and white-pink. This plant belongs to genus Eustoma in the family Gentianaceae. They can be found in Japan and New Zealand where new varieties of this beautiful plant are being grown. Fresh cut flowers is quite expensive and short-lived. Its life expectancy is one week but it can be prolonged to two weeks if water is occasionally changed. White, violet, pink and violet-white petals had been used for the purposes of the research. The petals had been dried at three different temperatures (40°C, 50°C and 60°C) and naturally in air. While observing the process, it has been detected that petals dry the fastest at 60°C. Before and after convective drying and drying by air, a chemical composition was determined. Also, the author of this paper determined energy value of the leafs and stem of all four cultivars as a waste product of flower production, but also as a potential raw material for biogas

Effect of drying temperature on the qualitative properties of lisianthus

Lizijantus (Eustoma grandiflorum) je jednogodišnja ili dvogodišnja zeljasta biljka koja se kod nas uzgaja kao lončanica ili kao cvjetna vrsta za rez. Poznat je i po imenima eustoma, teksaško zvonce, prerijska lincura, tamnoplavi boler, lažna ruža, japanska ruža i prerijska ruža. Lizijantus je popularan kao rezano cvijeće, u buketima i cvjetnim aranžmanima, najviše se koristi u dekorativnoj industriji. Ovisno od sorte, stabljika može narasti od 10 cm do 1 m. Ima ih u različitim bojama, bijeloj, žutoj, zelenoj, ružičastoj, plavoj, ljubičastoj, crvenoj i u dvobojnim kombinacijama boja kao što su bijelo – ljubičasta i bijelo – ružičasta boja. Pripada rodu Eustoma, porodici Gentianaceae, brojne vrste ovog roda uzgajaju se u Japanu i Novom Zelandu, gdje se stalno bave uzgojem novih ukrasnih kultivara ove prekrasne vrste. Svježe rezano cvijeće je dosta skupo i kratkog životnog vijeka. Životni vijek rezanog cvijeta lizijantusa je tjedan dana, ali uz povremenom mijenjanje vode, može se produžiti do dva tjedna. Za potrebe istraživanja korištene su latice bijele, ljubičaste, roze boje i kombinacija boja bijelo – ljubičasta. Latice lizijantusa su sušene na tri različite temperature (40°C, 50°C i 60°C) te prirodno na zraku. Zabilježeno je najbrže sušenje latica pri temperaturi od 60°C. Utvrđen je kemijski sastav prije i nakon konvekcijskog sušenja dehidriranjem, te prirodno sušenog cvijeća na zraku. Također je utvrđena energetska vrijednost listova i stabljike lizijantusa svih četiri kultivara kao otpada cvjećarske proizvodnje, a kao potencijalne sirovine za proizvodnju bioplina.Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) is the annual or biennial herbaceous plant that is cultivated in these parts of the world as a potted plant or as a cut-flower. The common names of Lisianthus are eustoma, Texas bluebell, Prairie Gentian, bluebells, fake rose, Japanese rose, Prairie Rosa. Lisianthus is popular as a cut flower, as an ornamental, mostly used in decor industry. Depending on the variety, plant stem can grow from 10 cm to 1 m in height. Lisianthus comes in various colors such as white, yellow, green, pink, blue, violet, red and bi-colors such as white-violet and white-pink. This plant belongs to genus Eustoma in the family Gentianaceae. They can be found in Japan and New Zealand where new varieties of this beautiful plant are being grown. Fresh cut flowers is quite expensive and short-lived. Its life expectancy is one week but it can be prolonged to two weeks if water is occasionally changed. White, violet, pink and violet-white petals had been used for the purposes of the research. The petals had been dried at three different temperatures (40°C, 50°C and 60°C) and naturally in air. While observing the process, it has been detected that petals dry the fastest at 60°C. Before and after convective drying and drying by air, a chemical composition was determined. Also, the author of this paper determined energy value of the leafs and stem of all four cultivars as a waste product of flower production, but also as a potential raw material for biogas

Effect of drying temperature on the qualitative properties of lisianthus

Lizijantus (Eustoma grandiflorum) je jednogodišnja ili dvogodišnja zeljasta biljka koja se kod nas uzgaja kao lončanica ili kao cvjetna vrsta za rez. Poznat je i po imenima eustoma, teksaško zvonce, prerijska lincura, tamnoplavi boler, lažna ruža, japanska ruža i prerijska ruža. Lizijantus je popularan kao rezano cvijeće, u buketima i cvjetnim aranžmanima, najviše se koristi u dekorativnoj industriji. Ovisno od sorte, stabljika može narasti od 10 cm do 1 m. Ima ih u različitim bojama, bijeloj, žutoj, zelenoj, ružičastoj, plavoj, ljubičastoj, crvenoj i u dvobojnim kombinacijama boja kao što su bijelo – ljubičasta i bijelo – ružičasta boja. Pripada rodu Eustoma, porodici Gentianaceae, brojne vrste ovog roda uzgajaju se u Japanu i Novom Zelandu, gdje se stalno bave uzgojem novih ukrasnih kultivara ove prekrasne vrste. Svježe rezano cvijeće je dosta skupo i kratkog životnog vijeka. Životni vijek rezanog cvijeta lizijantusa je tjedan dana, ali uz povremenom mijenjanje vode, može se produžiti do dva tjedna. Za potrebe istraživanja korištene su latice bijele, ljubičaste, roze boje i kombinacija boja bijelo – ljubičasta. Latice lizijantusa su sušene na tri različite temperature (40°C, 50°C i 60°C) te prirodno na zraku. Zabilježeno je najbrže sušenje latica pri temperaturi od 60°C. Utvrđen je kemijski sastav prije i nakon konvekcijskog sušenja dehidriranjem, te prirodno sušenog cvijeća na zraku. Također je utvrđena energetska vrijednost listova i stabljike lizijantusa svih četiri kultivara kao otpada cvjećarske proizvodnje, a kao potencijalne sirovine za proizvodnju bioplina.Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) is the annual or biennial herbaceous plant that is cultivated in these parts of the world as a potted plant or as a cut-flower. The common names of Lisianthus are eustoma, Texas bluebell, Prairie Gentian, bluebells, fake rose, Japanese rose, Prairie Rosa. Lisianthus is popular as a cut flower, as an ornamental, mostly used in decor industry. Depending on the variety, plant stem can grow from 10 cm to 1 m in height. Lisianthus comes in various colors such as white, yellow, green, pink, blue, violet, red and bi-colors such as white-violet and white-pink. This plant belongs to genus Eustoma in the family Gentianaceae. They can be found in Japan and New Zealand where new varieties of this beautiful plant are being grown. Fresh cut flowers is quite expensive and short-lived. Its life expectancy is one week but it can be prolonged to two weeks if water is occasionally changed. White, violet, pink and violet-white petals had been used for the purposes of the research. The petals had been dried at three different temperatures (40°C, 50°C and 60°C) and naturally in air. While observing the process, it has been detected that petals dry the fastest at 60°C. Before and after convective drying and drying by air, a chemical composition was determined. Also, the author of this paper determined energy value of the leafs and stem of all four cultivars as a waste product of flower production, but also as a potential raw material for biogas

Resistant hypertension after renal infarction in a man with fibromuscular dysplasia

We report the case of 39-year-old Caucasian man presenting in emergency department with new onset of severe hypertension with hypokalaemia eight weeks after renal colic. Patient was referred to a hypertension unit for further investigation. Hormonal analysis confirmed secondary aldosteronism and slightly impaired kidney function. Imaging revealed smaller right kidney, ‘string of beads appearance’ of distal part of right renal artery, a short zone of dissection and renal infarction. Renal scintigraphy showed significant blood flow reduction and severe functional damage of the right kidney. Despite multidrug antihypertensive treatment patient's hypertension was resistant and target organ damage evolved. After initial patient's refusal, he was later successfully treated with laparoscopic simple nephrectomy. Histopathological analysis confirmed renal artery dissection and medial fibroplasia. Thereafter, hypertension was controlled with trandalopril monotherapy. This is a first case report of the patient with renovascular multifocal fibromuscular dysplasia, dissection and renal infarction whose diagnosis of the disease was confirmed by angiography and histopathologic analysis. Resistant hypertension was successfully treated with nephrectomy

Arterial Hypertension and Risk of Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 Infection

COVID-19 is currently a major global health concern. Among many unanswered questions related to COVID-19, some of the most debated ones are those concerning arterial hypertension. Arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for mortality worldwide and its importance has been emphasised even further in light of COVID-19. The most common antihypertensive drugs are ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II type-I receptor blockers. SARS-CoV-2 utilises the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) for cell entry and therefore has a direct effect on the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). In terms of arterial hypertension and COVID-19, there are three main issues which have been the focus of extensive debates. First, is arterial hypertension a predisposing factor for COVID-19 infection? Second, does arterial hypertension affect the severity of COVID-19 infection and increase the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality? And finally, how important is the interaction of COVID-19 infection and the renin–angiotensin system for clinical outcomes? Is RAS blockade beneficial or harmful? The aim of this brief review was to provide substantiated answers to these questions