83 research outputs found

    Measurement of coherent charge transfer in an adiabatic Cooper pair pump

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    We study adiabatic charge transfer in a superconducting Cooper pair pump, focusing on the influence of current measurement on coherence. We investigate the limit where the Josephson coupling energy EJE_J between the various parts of the system is small compared to the Coulomb charging energy ECE_C. In this case the charge transferred in a pumping cycle QP∌2eQ_P \sim 2e, the charge of one Cooper pair: the main contribution is due to incoherent Cooper pair tunneling. We are particularly interested in the quantum correction to QPQ_P, which is due to coherent tunneling of pairs across the pump and which depends on the superconducting phase difference ϕ0\phi_0 between the electrodes: 1−QP/(2e)∌(EJ/EC)cosâĄÏ•01-Q_P/(2e) \sim (E_J/E_C) \cos \phi_0. A measurement of QPQ_P tends to destroy the phase coherence. We first study an arbitrary measuring circuit and then specific examples and show that coherent Cooper pair transfer can in principle be detected using an inductively shunted ammeter

    Simultaneous NICER and NuSTAR observations of the Ultracompact X-ray Binary 4U 0614+091

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    We present the first joint NuSTAR and NICER observations of the ultracompact X-ray binary 4U 0614+091. This source shows quasiperiodic flux variations on the timescale of ∌days. We use reflection modeling techniques to study various components of the accretion system as the flux varies. We find that the flux of the reflected emission and the thermal components representing the disk and the compact object trend closely with the overall flux. However, the flux of the power-law component representing the illuminating X-ray corona scales in the opposite direction, increasing as the total flux decreases. During the lowest flux observation, we see evidence of accretion disk truncation from roughly 6 gravitational radii to 11.5 gravitational radii. This is potentially analogous to the truncation seen in black hole low-mass X-ray binaries, which tends to occur during the low/hard state at sufficiently low Eddington ratios

    Surface superconducting states and paramagnetism in mesoscopic superconductors

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    In the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau equation, the temperature dependence of the upper critical field of small ring-like superconductors is studied. At equilibrium small parts of the phase diagram show paramagnetism for width / radius ratios below 0.85. Their number and extension increase with the size of the hole. In these regions, only the inner part of the ring shows a positive magnetic moment. The order parameter density profile appears to change, when crossing a first order transition line, which separates different angular momentum values, and we clarify the relationship between the localization of superconductivity nucleation and paramagnetism of those samples.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure

    Burden and risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa community-acquired pneumonia:a Multinational Point Prevalence Study of Hospitalised Patients

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    Pseudornonas aeruginosa is a challenging bacterium to treat due to its intrinsic resistance to the antibiotics used most frequently in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Data about the global burden and risk factors associated with P. aeruginosa-CAP are limited. We assessed the multinational burden and specific risk factors associated with P. aeruginosa-CAP. We enrolled 3193 patients in 54 countries with confirmed diagnosis of CAP who underwent microbiological testing at admission. Prevalence was calculated according to the identification of P. aeruginosa. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa-CAP. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa and antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa-CAP was 4.2% and 2.0%, respectively. The rate of P. aeruginosa CAP in patients with prior infection/colonisation due to P. aeruginosa and at least one of the three independently associated chronic lung diseases (i.e. tracheostomy, bronchiectasis and/or very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) was 67%. In contrast, the rate of P. aeruginosa-CAP was 2% in patients without prior P. aeruginosa infection/colonisation and none of the selected chronic lung diseases. The multinational prevalence of P. aeruginosa-CAP is low. The risk factors identified in this study may guide healthcare professionals in deciding empirical antibiotic coverage for CAP patients

    A determination of electroweak parameters from Z0→Ό+ÎŒ- (Îł)

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    A measurement of the Z0 leptonic partial widths and the vector and axial vector coupling constants

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    We have measured the partial widths of the Z0 into lepton pairs, and the forward-backward charge asymmetry for the process e+e--->[mu]+[mu]- using the L3 detector at LEP. We obtain an average [Gamma]ll of 83.0+/-2.1+/-1.1 MeV.From this result and the asymmetry measurement, we extract the values of the vector and axial vector couplings of the Z0 to leptons: grmv=-0.066-0.027+0.046 and grmA= -0.495-0.007+0.007.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28666/3/0000483.pd

    Search for excited taus from Z0 decays

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