Individual Differences and Notetaking: Exploring Alternative Strategies for Improved Test Performance

Three experiments examined notetaking strategies and their relation to test performance. In Experiment 1, participants handwrote or typed lecture notes, and were instructed to organize their notes or to transcribe the lecture. Notetaking with computers led to better test performance than taking handwritten notes. Moreover, transcribing with computers resulted in better test performance compared to those who took organized notes with computers. Because computers resulted in the best test performance, the subsequent experiments focused on notetaking using computers. Experiment 2 showed that organized notes produced the best recall after a delay, consistent with the levels-of-processing framework. However, when participants restudied their notes in Experiment 3, typing transcribed notes produced the best recall. Our results suggest that both the translation effect: Gathercole & Conway, 1988) and the levels-of-processing effect: Craik & Lockhart, 1972) improve test performance, but optimal learning results from a combination of the two. Correlational analyses of data from all three experiments revealed that for those who took organized notes, working memory predicted note-quantity, which predicted recall on both immediate and delayed tests. For those who took transcribed notes, in contrast, only note-quantity was a significant predictor. These results suggest that individuals with poor working memory: a skill traditionally thought to be needed for notetaking) can take effective notes, essentially “leveling the playing field†for individuals across the range of working memory abilities. Taken together, the study introduces a notetaking strategy: transcribing) that can be effective given the proper notetaking method: computers) for students of diverse cognitive abilities

MARXISM AND THE THOUGHT OF HUMAN LIBERATION AND DEVELOPMENT

Born and raised in a time when the movement for human and society liberation was growing and urging to have a scientific theory to lead the way, and certain material and thought arguments were also ripe for such theory at the same time, with the wisdom of a scientist and the political view of a revolutionary, K. Marx became the one to initiate and develop a scientific and revolutionary doctrine of human, liberation of human and society, and comprehensive human development. This doctrine of K. Marx created not only a revolutionary turning point in the concept of man and human nature, the relationship between human, nature and society, the position and role of human in the development of human history and the cause of human liberation and comprehensive human development, but also the long-lived vitality of Marxism in modern age. Article visualizations

Control and Navigation Framework for a Hybrid Steel Bridge Inspection Robot

Autonomous navigation of steel bridge inspection robots is essential for proper maintenance. Majority of existing robotic solutions for steel bridge inspection require human intervention to assist in the control and navigation. In this thesis, a control and navigation framework has been proposed for the steel bridge inspection robot developed by the Advanced Robotics and Automation (ARA) to facilitate autonomous real-time navigation and minimize human intervention. The ARA robot is designed to work in two modes: mobile and inch-worm. The robot uses mobile mode when moving on a plane surface and inch-worm mode when jumping from one surface to the other. To allow the ARA robot to switch between mobile and inch-worm modes, a switching controller is developed with 3D point cloud data based. The surface detection algorithm is proposed to allow the robot to check the availability of steel surfaces (plane, area and height) to determine the transformation from mobile mode to inch-worm one. To have the robot to safely navigate and visit all steel members of the bridge, four algorithms are developed to process the data from a depth camera, segment it into clusters, estimate the boundaries, construct a graph representing the structure, generate the shortest inspection path with any starting and ending points, and determine available robot configuration for path planning. Experiments on steel bridge structures setup highlight the effective performance of the algorithms, and the potential to apply to the ARA robot to run on real bridge structures

HIGHER EDUCATION AND IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES TODAY

Today, higher education is developing in a context of lots of changes and challenges. First, the fourth industrial revolution is having a huge impact on changing the operating model of higher education and higher education governance. Second, changes in the labor market and economic structure require workers to have lots of knowledge and skills to keep up with practical issues caused by social changes. Third, enterprises today are more and more interested in education and are heavily investing in this field. They also have higher and higher standards for human resources to meet business demands. Fourth, universities are increasingly being invested in to strengthen their competitiveness as well as to level up in international rankings. Fifth, Vietnamese education is also under pressure to compete with regional and Asian schools. So is the cross-border labor market, which also affects Vietnamese labor market and human resources. JEL: I20; I23; J24; O15 Article visualizations

A Survey of Multi-Robot Motion Planning

Multi-robot Motion Planning (MRMP) is an active research field which has gained attention over the years. MRMP has significant roles to improve the efficiency and reliability of multi-robot system in a wide range of applications from delivery robots to collaborative assembly lines. This survey provides an overview of MRMP taxonomy, state-of-the-art algorithms, and approaches which have been developed for multi-robot systems. This study also discusses the strengths and limitations of each algorithm and their applications in various scenarios. Moreover, based on this, we can draw out open problems for future research.Comment: This is my Ph.D. comprehensive exam repor

Using the Encoding Specificity Principle to Assess the Nature of the Secondary Memory Component of Working Memory

Recent theories and evidence suggest working memory involves secondary memory as well as primary memory. It is unclear, however, if the secondary memory component of working memory is the same as the secondary memory component underlying episodic long-term memory. The present investigation explores this issue by examining whether manipulating encoding and retrieval cues on a short-term memory task produces similar effects as to what is typically seen on episodic long-term memory tasks. More specifically, it is commonly observed on episodic long-term memory tasks that retrieval cues that were not also present during encoding produces worse recall compared to retrieval cues that were present during encoding, as well as worse recall compared to if no cues were presented. Currently, it is unclear whether this finding, known as the encoding specificity principle, would also be observed in short-term memory tasks. In the current investigation, participants engaged in a modified operation span task where they learned weakly related word-pairs ( era : TIME ). During recall, participants were either provided the same cue from earlier in the series ( era ; match cue), a different cue that was not shown earlier in the series but was strongly associated with the target word ( life ; mismatch cue), or were asked to free recall the target word (no cue). Under conditions in which performance was predicted to rely on secondary memory, performance in the no cue condition was better than the mismatch condition, consistent with the encoding specificity principle (Thomson & Tulving, 1970). Importantly, when performance was not predicted to rely on secondary memory, performance between the mismatch and no cue conditions did not differ. These results suggest that working memory relies on the same secondary memory component as episodic long-term memory tasks only under conditions predicted by a dual-component model of working memory (Unsworth & Engle, 2007)

The Bernoulli Family: Their Massive Contributions to Mathematics and Hostility Toward Each Other

Throughout the history of mathematics, there are several individuals with significant contributions. However, if we look at the contribution of a single family in this field, the Bernoulli probably outshines others in terms of both the number of mathematicians it produced and their influence on the development of mathematics. The most outstanding three Bernoulli mathematicians are Jacob I Bernoulli (1654-1705), Johann I Bernoulli (1667-1748), and Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782), all three of whom were the most influential math experts in the academic community yet very hostile to each other. Their family structure and jealousy toward each other might have fueled their massive contributions to mathematics

Simulation-based investigation of microwave treatments for printed circuit boards: exemplified by coating cures

Coatings are usually used to protect printed circuit boards (PCB) from harsh environment. It is difficult to cure thick coatings from exterior to interior as the heat curing. In this case, curing by the means of microwave irradiation can be taken into account. With the participation of metallic structures, there will be some challenges such as inhomogeneous field distributions or high risk of high field strengths. So with the help of numerical simulations, this study is carried out for finding how PCB structures react with the microwave radiation to support homogeneous coating cures