Genetic relationships of the Yucatan black hairless pig with Iberian breeds using single nucleotide polymorfisms

Para realizar programas de conservação ex-situ de suínos crioulos, é importante determinar quais animais serão criados, preferencialmente aqueles com maior componente de genética ibérica, para preservar sua origem. Uma subpopulação de porco preto calvo de Yucatán (YBHP) foi usada para estimar sua diversidade genética e estrutura populacional. Um total de 104 suínos adultos foram selecionados levando-se em consideração características como ausência de pelos, pele preta (sem manchas), casco preto e focinho reto. O painel GGP-50K foi utilizado para a genotipagem dos SNPs em animais YBHP, e informações de porcos sem pelos ibéricos e de Yucatán dos Estados Unidos (USYU) foram retiradas de bancos de dados. Todas as análises foram realizadas com o software PLINK v1.9 e v2.1. Os valores dos índices de endogamia e fixação foram menores em YBHP, com altos valores de índice de heterozigosidade e alogamia observados, que concordam com os obtidos nas populações de Canárias e Chato Murciano. De acordo com os clusters gerados pela análise “GenomaWide Identity By State”, quatro grupos foram identificados, um dos quais incluiu porcos de Guadyerbas, USYU e YBHP. Entre as populações, YBHP estava intimamente relacionado com os porcos sem pelo de Guadyerbas, USYU e Canárias. A análise de componentes principais mostrou o mesmo resultado. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nas corridas de investigação de homozigose, visando obter consenso de pools de regiões de sobreposição, foram identificados 119 SNPs associados a genes e processos biológicos. Os genes BMP7 e NSUN2 foram associados à diferenciação de células epiteliais, morfogênese e desenvolvimento epitelial. Para metabolismo de nutrientes: energia, os genes HADHA, PPARA, ADD1/ SREBF1 e FAT1 foram identificados.  To conduct ex-situ creole pig conservation programs, it is essential to determine which breeding animals will be used, preferentially those with a more significant Iberian genetic component to preserve their origin. This study used a Yucatan black hairless pigs (YBHP) subpopulation to estimate its genetic diversity and population structure. One hundred four adult pigs were selected for the absence of hair, black skin (without spots), black hoof, and straight snout. The porcine-GGP-50K chip was used for SNP genotyping in YBHP, and information on Iberian and Yucatán hairless pigs from the United States (USYU) was taken from databases. All analysis was performed using PLINK v1.9 and v2.1 software. Inbreeding and fixation index values were lower in YBHP, with high observed heterozygosity and allogamy index values, which agree with those obtained in the populations of Canarias and Chato Murciano. According to the clusters generated by the “Genome-Wide Identity by State” analysis, four groups were identified, one of which included pigs from Guadyerbas, USYU, and YBHP. Between populations, YBHP was closely related to the hairless pigs from Guadyerbas, USYU, and Canarias. Principal component analysis showed the same result. According to the results obtained from the runs of homozygosity investigation, aimed to get pools consensus of regions of overlapping, 119 SNPs associated with genes and biological processes were identified. The BMP7 and NSUN2 genes were associated with epithelial cell differentiation, morphogenesis, and epithelial development. For nutrient metabolism: energy, the HADHA, PPARA, ADD1/SREBF1, and FAT1genes were identified

Effects of Moringa oleifera and Brosimum alicastrum partial feed substitution in intramuscular fat and adipose tissues and on the expression of lipogenic genes of Mexican hairless pigs

The present study evaluated the effects of the inclusion of ground Moringa oleifera and Brosimum alicastrum leaf meal in the diet of Mexican hairless pigs (MHP) on the amount of intramuscular fat, subcutaneous fat, leg muscle (Biceps femoris) fat, loin muscle (Longissimus dorsi) fat, leg and back fat, and the expression of lipid metabolism genes. Hairless pigs are reared in the Mexican tropics and are characterised by their body and intramuscular fat accumulation. Eighteen male pigs fed for 82 d were randomly allotted to three experimental isoenergetic and isoproteic diets, where M. oleifera or B. alicastrum (six pigs per diet) replaced wheat bran. The diets used were a control diet, a diet with 10% M. oleifera leaf meal, and a diet with 10% ground B. alicastrum leaf meal. The M. oleifera diet decreased (P<0.05) the fat ratio in the Longissimus dorsi muscles, back fat, rib fat, total carcass fat, and the carcass fat: meat ratio. The B. alicastrum diet only decreased fat in the Biceps femoris muscle, back fat, and rib fat. Moringa oleifera and B. alicastrum diets also promoted the overexpression of mRNA from the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and acyl carrier protein (ACP) lipogenic genes in the Biceps femoris muscle and leg fat (P<0.001). In addition, lower ACACA and SREBP1 mRNA expression in the Longissimus dorsi muscle and back fat (P<0.001) were related to the lower amount of fat in pigs fed M. oleifera and B. alicastrum. The inclusion of Moringa oleifera and Brosimum alicastrum meals 10% in the diet of the pig MHP reduces fat, this is an important finding because fat is abundant in this type of pig

Valoración nutricional química proximal de las plantas arbóreas Morera (Morus alba), Moringa (Moringa oleífera) y Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) como alternativa nutricional para cerdos: Evaluación nutricional química proximal de árboles de Morera (Morus alba), Moringa (Moringa oleifera) y Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) como alternativa nutricional para cerdos

Se realizaron los análisis químicos proximales (AQP): Materia Seca (MS), Materia Orgánica (MO), Humedad, Cenizas, Proteína Cruda (PC), Fibra Cruda (FC), Extracto Etéreo (EE), Extracto Libre de Nitrógeno (ELN) y se calculó la Energía Metabolizable (EM) a las harinas de Morera (Morus alba), Moringa (Moringa oleífera) y Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) con el objetivo de determinar si las arbóreas, pudieran ser consideradas como alternativa para la alimentación de cerdos. Mediante una prueba de T-Student (p˂ 0.05) se compararon los resultados, con los reportes publicados por autores de otros países. Los valores que aportaron los AQP para MS, MO, Humedad, Cenizas, PC, FC, EE, ELN y la EM realizados a la harina de Moringa y Chaya demostraron que no existen diferencias significativas con los reportes de otros autores, únicamente la PC de la harina de Morera fue el único valor que resultó significativamente mayor (p <0.05). Al comparar las harinas analizadas presentaron mayor contenido de PC (14.7 al 32.09 %), de FC (6 al 33.02 %) y menor contenido de EM (1.22 al 1.85 Kcal/g), por lo que pudieran ser consideradas como una alternativa para sustituir al Maíz y disminuir el contenido de Soya en la alimentación de los cerdos, con una inclusión sugerida entre el 5 y el 30 % de la harina de estas arbóreas, considerando su elevado contenido de FC

Perfiles antropométricos y de lípidos séricos en hombres con sobrepeso que consumieron carne de cerdo alimentado con harina de aguacate

Human diet can be regulated to generate positive effects on cardiovascular health. The objective was to evaluate the effect of pork consumption fed with 10% avocado flour on anthropometric profiles and serum lipids in overweight humans over two time periods. Two groups of 10 participants each, males aged 30 to 60 years with BMI> 27 kg/m2, were formed. 100 g of pork loin were consumed daily, group A for four weeks and group B for six weeks. Paired t-test analysis was performed (p <0.05). Group A decreased body fat (-4.04), BMI (-0.92), triglycerides (-51.6), VLDL (-10.32) and increased LDL (48.98). Group B decreased body fat (-1.28), BMI (-1.26), visceral fat (-0.4), waist (-4.4), glucose (-18.5). Using the X2 test (p <0.05), the proportions of low, normal or high levels were compared after consumption. In group A, glucose and triglyceride values were normalized, the frequency of the high level for cholesterol and LDL increased, with a decrease in the frequency of low level for VLDL. Group B, the values for glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, TGO, HDL and LDL were normalized; for VLDL there was a higher percentage of participants at the low level. The consumption of pork loins from pigs fed 10% avocado meal contributes to the induction of health effects in overweight consumersLa alimentación humana puede regularse para generar efectos positivos en la salud cardiovascular. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto del consumo de carne de cerdo alimentado con harina de aguacate al 10%, sobre perfiles antropométricos y lípidos en suero de humanos con sobrepeso en dos periodos de tiempo. Se conformaron dos grupos de 10 participantes cada uno, masculinos de 30 a 60 años con IMC >27 kg/m2. Consumieron diario 100 g de lomo de cerdo, el grupo A por cuatro semanas y grupo B por seis semanas. Se realizaron análisis con prueba de T pareada (p <0.05). Grupo A disminuyó grasa corporal (-4.04), IMC (-0.92), triglicéridos (-51.6), VLDL (-10.32) y aumentó LDL (48.98). Grupo B disminuyó grasa corporal (- 1.28), IMC (-1,26), grasa visceral (-0.4), cintura (-4.4), glucosa (-18.5). Usando prueba de X2 (p <0.05), se compararon las proporciones de niveles bajos, normales o altos, después del consumo. En el grupo A se normalizaron los valores glucosa y triglicéridos, se incrementó la frecuencia del nivel alto para colesterol y LDL, con disminución de frecuencia al nivel bajo para VLDL. Grupo B, se normalizaron los valores para glucosa, colesterol, triglicéridos, TGO, HDL y LDL; para VLDL tuvieron mayor porcentaje de participantes a nivel bajo. El consumo de lomo de cerdos que fueron alimentados con harina de aguacate al 10 %, contribuye a la inducción de efectos saludables en consumidores con sobrepes

Efecto de suplementación con harina de aguacate en dietas de corderos sobre crecimiento y el rendimiento de la canal

To evaluate the inclusion of avocado meal (AM) in diets for sheep (0, 2.5, 5 and 10%) with a forage:concentrate ratio 40:60, on productive behavior and carcass characteristics. Ninety-six Pelibuey- Dorper male lambs with an average initial weight of 32.83 ±0.707 kg, eight animals per treatment, in a 4x3 four diets and factorial arrangement with feeding periods of 28, 56 and 84 days were used. Final weight and slaughter weight increased (p <0.05) with 10% inclusion compared to the control. In daily weight gain, feed intake, carcass weight and intramuscular fat, values were equal (p >0.05) with the inclusion of 10% AM and 0% AM. Feed conversion, DM, CP, energy and carcass yield efficiencies did not improved with AM. The longer the intake time (56 and 84 days), the higher the daily weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency of DM, CP and energy (p < 0.05), and the lower the feed conversion rate, with no differences for final weight and carcass yield (p < 0.05). Daily gain and carcass weight indicate a slight positive trend due to the inclusion of 10% AM at 84 days. Inclusion does not affect the productive behavior of growth in sheepPara evaluar la inclusión de harina de aguacate (AM) en dietas para ovinos (0, 2.5, 5 y 10%) con una relación forraje:concentrado 40:60, sobre el comportamiento productivo y características de la canal. Se emplearon 96 corderos machos Pelibuey-Dorper con peso inicial promedio de 32.83 ±0.707 kg, ocho animales por tratamiento, en arreglo factorial 4x3 con cuatro dietas y periodos de alimentación de 28, 56 y 84 días antes del sacrificio. Peso final y peso al sacrificio incrementaron (p <0.05) con inclusión del 10% en comparación al control. En ganancia de peso diaria, consumo alimento, peso de la canal y grasa intramuscular, los valores fueron iguales (p >0.05) con inclusión de 10% AM y la del 0%. La conversión alimenticia, eficiencias de DM, CP y de energía, y el rendimiento de la canal no se mejoran con AM. A mayor tiempo de consumo 56 y 84 días aumentan (p <0.05) ganancia de peso por día, consumo alimento, eficiencias alimenticias de DM, CP y energía, y disminuye conversión alimenticia, sin diferencias para peso final y canal. Ganancia diaria y peso de la canal indican una ligera tendencia positiva por la inclusión de AM al 10 % por 84 días. La inclusión no afecta el comportamiento productivo del crecimiento en ovino