Population genetic structure of the Mediterranean horseshoe bat Rhinolophus euryale Blasius, 1853 in Serbia and phylogeography of this species on the Balkan peninsula

Genetička struktura populacija predstavlja rezultat efekta prošlih događaja kao što su prolazak populacija kroz usko grlo, postglacijalna ekspanzija, sekundarni kontakt, ali i recentnih događaja i fenomena koji obuhvataju migracije, filopatriju, socijalnost itd. Pleistocenske klimatske oscilacije uticale su na današnju distribuciju genetičkog diverziteta mnogih vrsta koje naseljavaju Evropu. Balkansko poluostrvo je prepoznato kao glacijalni refugijum za veliki broj vrsta umerenih područja, uključujući i određene vrste slepih miševa. Sredozemni potkovičar Rhinolophus euryale je rasprostranjen na širem području oko Sredozemnog mora. Najčešće koristi podzemna skloništa kao što su pećine, i zbog toga je njegova distribucija vezana za krečnjačke predele. Tokom leta se ženke grupišu u porodiljske kolonije gde se odvija koćenje i podizanje mladih, a jedinke oba pola se u jesen okupljaju u hibernacijske kolonije. Filopatrija je zabeležena kod jedinki oba pola. R. euryale se smatra sedentarnom vrstom jer između letnjih i zimskih skloništa retko prelazi udaljenosti veće od 50 km. U Srbiji se distribucija ove vrste poklapa sa krečnjačkim područjima u zapadnoj i istočnoj Srbiji. Ciljevi ove doktorske disertacije bili su sistematizacija svih podataka o rasprostranjenosti ove vrste i evaluacija populacionih trendova u Srbiji; testiranje ISSRPCR metode za brzo i pouzdano razlikovanje ove vrste i morfološki slične vrste R. blasii. Sekvence mitohondrijske D-petlje su korišćene za analizu genetičke varijabilnosti, demografske istorije i filogeografije ove vrste na Balkanskom poluostrvu. Pomoću mikrosatelitskih markera analizirana je genetička varijabilnost ove vrste u 12 populacija na području centralnog Balkana, testirana je genetička diferenciranost i procenjen protok gena između geografskih regiona. Pored toga, analiziran je stepen srodstva između jedinki unutar različitih tipova kolonija. U periodu od 2012 do 2017. godine, sredozemni potkovičar je zabeležen na ukupno 26 lokaliteta u Srbiji (na 11 je zabeležen prvi put). Ovime je broj lokaliteta u Srbiji sa dokazanim prisustvom istraživane vrste porastao na 73. Pronađeno je nekoliko novih porodiljskih i hibernacijskih kolonija, kao i jedna letnja kolonija mužjaka...The population genetic structure of a species is a result of past events such as bottlenecks, population expansion and secondary contact, as well as recent events and phenomena like migrations, philopatry, sociality etc. Climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene shaped the present distribution of genetic diversity of temperate biota in Europe. The Balkan peninsula has been recognized as a glacial refugium for many temperate species, including many bat species. The Mediterranean horseshoe bat Rhinolophus euryale is distributed in the Mediterranean area. It is predominantly cavedwelling species and its distribution greatly overlaps with karstic regions. During summer females form nursery colonies where they give birth and rear pups, while in autumn both sexes gather together into hibernation roosts. Roost fidelity has been found in both sexes. R. euryale is considered to be a sedentary species, since the distance between summer and winter roosts is rarely greater than 50 km. Distribution of this species in Serbia overlaps with karstic areas in western and eastern Serbia. The aims of this thesis were to gather all available data about species’ distribution and to evaluate population trends in Serbia; testing ISSR-PCR method for reliable distinguishing this species from morphologically similar R. blasii. D-loop mitochondrial sequences were used for analyses of genetic diversity, demographic history and phylogeography of the Mediterranean horseshoe bat in the Balkan peninsula. Genetic variability of 12 populations in the central Balkans was analysed using nuclear microsatellites. Genetic differentiation and gene flow among populations from different geographic regions were estimated, and relatedness within different colony types was assessed. In the period from 2012 to 2017, R. euryale was found at 26 localities in Serbia (11 localities for the first time), and now the number of localities counts 73. Several new nursery and hibernation colonies of this species were found, as well as one male summer colony. Only one roost was found in a building, while the rest were in underground sites

Prvi rezultati telemetrijskog praćenja zmijara Circaetus gallicus u Hrvatskoj

Zmijar Circaetus gallicus je gnjezdarica selica Europe koja zimuje u sjevernim tropima Afrike, južno od Sahare. Većina jedinki na migraciji bira glavne selidbene puteve, preko Gibraltara i Sueskog kanala. Kako bi saznali kojim se selidbenim putem služe ptice hrvatske populacije, obilježili smo mladog zmijara GPS uređajem 27.7.2017. u Parku prirode Telašćica. Zmijar je na selidbu krenuo 18.9.2017. i u idućih 25 dana je preletio 6054 kilometara, birajući istočni selidbeni put preko Grčke, Turske, Sirije, Libanona, Jordana, Egipta i Čada, sve do Sudana gdje je zimovao

Chromosome status of marsh marigold, Caltha palustris L. (Ranunculaceae) from Serbia

Marsh marigold, Caltha palustris is distributed in the moist, temperate and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere. This species exhibits considerable amount of intraspecific chromosomal diversity involving hybridization, polyploidy, aneuploidy and B chromosomes. Karyotype analyses of three mountain populations from Serbia were done for the first time. All samples were tetraploid (based number x=8) with 2n=32. In population from mountain Tara presence of one B chromosomes was detected. Tetraploid karyotype consists of 17 median-centromeric (m), 8 submedian-centromeric (sm), 7 subterminal-centromeric (st) chromosomes and one terminal-centromeric (t) B chromosome (2n= 17m+8sm+7st+1B). Studied populations in Serbia belong to the most common cytotype for this species in Europe.Kaljužnica, Caltha palustris, naseljava vlažne, umerene i hladne predele severne hemisfere. Ovu vrstu karakteriše znatna količina intraspecijske hromozomske varijabilnosti uključujući hibridizaciju, poliploidiju, aneuploidiju i B hromozome. Po prvi put je urađena kariotipska analiza tri planinske populacije iz Srbije. Svi analizirani uzorci su bili tetraploidi (osnovni broj n=8) sa 2n=32. U populaciji sa planine Tare detektovano je prisustvo jednog B hromozoma. Tetraploidni kariotip se sastojao od 17 metacentričnih (m), 8 submetacentričnih (sm), 7 subtelocentričnih (st) i jednog telocentričnog (t) B hromozoma (2n=17m+8sm+7st+1B). Analizirane populacije iz Srbije pripadaju citotipu koji je najčešći za ovu vrstu u Evropi.Projekat ministarstva br. 17300

Prvi nalaz sredozemnog repaša Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814) u Srbiji

Sredozemni repaš, Tadarida teniotis (Rafinesque, 1814) je vrsta slepog miša iz porodice Molossidae, rasprostranjena uglavnom na području Mediterana. Pripadnici ove vrste koriste skloništa u pukotinama teško dostupnih litica i stena, lete brzo i visoko iznad tla, i sposobni su za duge letove. Budući da je T. teniotis zabeležena u susednim državama i da u Srbiji postoje za nju pogodna staništa, prisustvo ove vrste na teritoriji Srbije je bilo očekivano. Na području zaštićenog prirodnog dobra Predeo izuzetnih odlika 'Vlasina' vršena je inventarizacija faune slepih miševa u periodu 2015-2017. godine. U veče 18. oktobra 2017. godine na lokalitetu Vlasina Stojkovićeva (42.691016o severne geografske širine, 22.373792o istočne geografske dužine, 1356 m n.v.) primenom metode ultrazvučne audiodetekcije definitivno je potvrđeno prisustvo vrste T. teniotis, što predstavlja njen prvi nalaz u Srbiji. Ovim je ukupan broj vrsta faune slepih miševa Srbije povećan na 31. Dalja istraživanja su neophodna kako bi se utvrdilo da li postoje skloništa ove vrste, da li se reprodukuje i/ili hibernira na teritoriji Srbije

Numerical study of anisotropic irreversible deposition of extended objects on a triangular lattice

The properties of the anisotropic random sequential adsorption (RSA) of objects of various shapes on a two-dimensional triangular lattice are studied numerically by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The depositing objects are formed by self-avoiding lattice steps. Anisotropy is introduced by positing unequal probabilities for orientation of depositing objects along different directions of the lattice. This probability is equa

Adsorption-desorption processes on discrete substrates-optimization of monolayer growth

Kinetics of the deposition process of dimers on a 1D lattice in the presence of desorption is studied by Monte Carlo method. The growth of the coverage θ(t) above the jamming limit to its steady-state value θ∞ is analyzed when desorption probability Pdes decreases both stepwise and linearly (continuously) over a certain time domain. We report a numerical evidence that the process of vibratory compaction of granular materials can be optimized by using a time dependent intensity of external excitations

Gastrointestinal digeneans (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) of horseshoe and vesper bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae) in Serbia

The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the digenean fauna of bats were conducted for the first time in Serbia. The sample comprised of 118 individuals of 12 bat species (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Myotis mystacinus, M. alcathoe, M. brandtii, M. oxygnathus, M. myotis, Hypsugo savii, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. nathusii, Plecotus auritus, P. austriacus and Nyctalus noctula) collected from 15 sites throughout Serbia. Six digenean species were identified: Lecithodendrium linstowi, Plagiorchis sp., Prosthodendrium longiforme, P. chilostomum, P. parvouterus and Mesotretes peregrinus. The helminths were recorded from 35 individual hosts (29.7 %). The species Lecithodendrium linstowi infected the highest percentage of hosts (19.5 %), with a mean abundance of 4.6. GLM analysis of exploratory factors showed that host species and host sex had a significant influence on parasite load, while locality and host age did not influence parasite abundance. No evidence of zoonotic species was found.Helminthologia (2017), 54(1): 17-2

Chromosome status of marsh marigold, Caltha palustris L. (Ranunculaceae) from Serbia

Marsh marigold, Caltha palustris is distributed in the moist, temperate and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere. This species exhibits considerable amount of intraspecific chromosomal diversity involving hybridization, polyploidy, aneuploidy and B chromosomes. Karyotype analyses of three mountain populations from Serbia were done for the first time. All samples were tetraploid (based number x=8) with 2n=32. In population from mountain Tara presence of one B chromosomes was detected. Tetraploid karyotype consists of 17 median-centromeric (m), 8 submedian-centromeric (sm), 7 subterminal-centromeric (st) chromosomes and one terminal-centromeric (t) B chromosome (2n= 17m+8sm+7st+1B). Studied populations in Serbia belong to the most common cytotype for this species in Europe.Kaljužnica, Caltha palustris, naseljava vlažne, umerene i hladne predele severne hemisfere. Ovu vrstu karakteriše znatna količina intraspecijske hromozomske varijabilnosti uključujući hibridizaciju, poliploidiju, aneuploidiju i B hromozome. Po prvi put je urađena kariotipska analiza tri planinske populacije iz Srbije. Svi analizirani uzorci su bili tetraploidi (osnovni broj n=8) sa 2n=32. U populaciji sa planine Tare detektovano je prisustvo jednog B hromozoma. Tetraploidni kariotip se sastojao od 17 metacentričnih (m), 8 submetacentričnih (sm), 7 subtelocentričnih (st) i jednog telocentričnog (t) B hromozoma (2n=17m+8sm+7st+1B). Analizirane populacije iz Srbije pripadaju citotipu koji je najčešći za ovu vrstu u Evropi.Projekat ministarstva br. 17300

Rasprostranjenost i najmanja veličina populacije euroazijskog risa (Lynx lynx) u Hrvatskoj u razdoblju 2018.–2020.

Scientific data on distribution and abundance of endangered species are the foundation for their effective conservation and management. In this paper, we present results of the first scientifically – based estimation of lynx population size in Croatia. The goal of the study was to determine the area of lynx distribution and to estimate the minimum size of lynx population in Croatia in the period 2018 - 2020. To determine lynx distribution, 902 signs of lynx presence were collected in the period from the beginning of May 2018 until the end of April 2020. Out of those, 92.8% of lynx observations were categorized as C1, 2.8% as C2 and 4.4% as C3. Permanent lynx presence was confirmed in Primorsko – Goranska and Ličko – Senjska county, in southern part of Karlovac county and north-eastern part of Zadar county on the total surface of 7200 km2. For the minimum population size estimation, 804 camera trap photographs led to identification of 89 – 108 adult lynxes. Among 108 identified individuals there were 29 females, 22 males, while for 7 animals the sex was not determined. During the two reproductive seasons, we photographed 44 cubs in 25 litters. Future important steps in lynx population monitoring are correcting the deficiencies identified in this study and implementation of methodology that will allow us to use spatial capture recapture models for estimation of lynx abundance in Croatia.Znanstveni podaci o rasprostranjenosti i brojnosti temelj su za učinkovito upravljanje i zaštitu ugroženih populacija. U ovom radu predstavljamo rezultate prve znanstveno utemeljene procjene veličine populacije risa u Hrvatskoj. Cilj praćenja bio je utvrditi područje rasprostranjenosti risa i procijeniti najmanju veličinu populacije risa u Hrvatskoj u razdoblju 2018. - 2020. godine. U svrhu utvrđivanja rasprostranjenosti populacije, prikupljena su 902 znaka prisutnosti risa u razdoblju od 1. svibnja 2018. do 30. travnja 2020. Od toga je 92,8% podataka kategorizirano kao C1, 2,8% kao C2 i 4,4% C3. Trajna prisutnost risa potvrđena je u Primorsko-goranskoj i Ličko-senjskoj županiji, u južnom dijelu Karlovačke županije i sjeveroistočnom dijelu Zadarske županije, na ukupnoj površini od 7200 km2. Za procjenu minimalne veličine populacije, prikupljene su 804 fotografije s fotozamki tijekom obje sezone te je identificirano 89 do 108 odraslih životinja. Među 108 identificiranih jedinki, bilo je 29 ženki, 22 mužjaka i 57 životinja nepoznatog spola. Tijekom dvije sezone fotografirali smo 44 mladunca u 25 legla. Budući važni koraci u praćenju populacije risa su ispravljanje nedostataka utvrđenih u ovoj studiji, kako bi se omogućila procjena brojnosti korištenjem modela prostornog hvatanja i ponovnog hvatanja jedinki

One more Microtus species with asynaptic sex chromosomes

Arvicoline voles are known as a karyotypically extremely polymorphic group in which the genus Microtus leads with the highest rate of karyotype change. A member of this genus, the European pine vole Microtus subterraneus (de Selys-Longchamps, 1836), is widely distributed in Europe and parts of Asia. There are two cytotypes differing in diploid chromosome number, 2n=54 and 52, each showing different chromosomal polymorphisms. At two localities in southeastern Serbia, Mt. Jastrebac and Vlasina, we found the 2n=52 cytotype. Meiotic preparations from males revealed the presence of asynaptic sex chromosomes. Although asynaptic sex chromosomes are frequent in Microtus, this is the first finding for M. subterraneus. From summarized data it appears that two-thirds of the studied species, mainly from Microtus and Terricola subgenera, possess asynaptic sex chromosomes