Near Shore Environment and Its Corrosiveness Towards Steel Pipelines

Seabed sediment is an important environment that has significant effect on pipelines buried under it. Hereby, study on corrosion rate of actual steel pipelines has been conducted to highlight the importance of near shore environment as an aggressive environment towards steel structures. Coupons made of X70 steel pipelines have been considered for weight lost determination in order to calculate the corrosion rate at both near shore and offshore areas. The results show that the corrosion rate of coupons buried at near shore area was higher than the coupons at offshore. Conclusively near shore environment has shown a significant influence on corrosion of steel pipelines

Corrosion study of pipeline material for seabed sediment in tropical climate

Corrosive environments such as marine sediments can cause corrosion to steel pipelines at any time when certain conditions are met. Seabed sediment could cause severe corrosion damage due to its corrosiveness to the pipelines buried under it. Many consequences could take place in case if there is incident in oil/gas pipelines. Successfully identifying elements of corrosion in marine sediment would enhance the future of steel structure protection and monitoring systems. This article focuses on the behaviour of corrosion rate of steel located near shore environment and the aim is to determine the effect of sediment on corrosion of steel. To investigate that, simulated near shore sediment conditions have been used where the steel coupons buried in sediments which have different characteristics. Weight loss technique has been implemented to determine the weight loss rate of the steel specimens. Based on the results of this study, metal weight loss increases as the duration of exposure to seabed sediment environment become longer. The sea sediment simulated condition has given significant levels of corrosion. Conclusively, the corrosion rate of steel in seabed sediment located in tropical region is complicated and further studies are suggested

A Review: Study on Spent Garnet as Construction Material

Numerous environmental problems are mitigated by natural resource depletion, with yearly global use of nearly 25 billion tonnes, including aggregates. Fast industrial growth has witnessed the ever-increasing exploitation of sand from rivers for various construction resolves, which caused an over-exploitation of rivers’ beds and disturbed the eco-system. This problem is also related to the amount of waste produced each year. The volume of waste is estimated to rise, reducing available space and causing pollution. Many studies have discovered inventions and ideas to deal with this situation. Some researchers use the spent garnet in a concrete mix as a partial fine aggregate replacement. The alternative in a concrete mix depends on the properties of the spent garnet that is used and its appropriateness. In this paper, a critical review of spent garnet were discussed in detail

A Review: Study on Spent Garnet as Construction Material

Numerous environmental problems are mitigated by natural resource depletion, with yearly global use of nearly 25 billion tonnes, including aggregates. Fast industrial growth has witnessed the ever-increasing exploitation of sand from rivers for various construction resolves, which caused an over-exploitation of rivers’ beds and disturbed the eco-system. This problem is also related to the amount of waste produced each year. The volume of waste is estimated to rise, reducing available space and causing pollution. Many studies have discovered inventions and ideas to deal with this situation. Some researchers use the spent garnet in a concrete mix as a partial fine aggregate replacement. The alternative in a concrete mix depends on the properties of the spent garnet that is used and its appropriateness. In this paper, a critical review of spent garnet were discussed in detail

Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Concrete Containing Ground Coal Bottom Ash as Partial Cement Replacement

Growing coal consumption at power plants due to the rising demand for energy results in coal bottom ash waste generation. The disposal of this ash at landfills is consume space and poses a risk of pollution to the environment. Channelling this waste to produce blended cement would reduce the consumption of raw materials from nature and decrease greenhouse gas releases. This research aims to investigate the effect of ground coal bottom ash (GCBA) as partial cement replacement on compressive strength and water absorption of concrete. The proportion of coal bottom ash integrated ranges from 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% (by weight of binder). All specimens were water-cured until the testing day. Integration of 10% coal bottom ash produces concrete with enhanced compressive strength. The presence of silica has enabled the occurrence of pozzolanic reactions that contribute to the well-packed internal structure of concrete with enhanced compressive strength and lower water absorption. Success in utilizing coal bottom ash for cement production would reduce the harvesting of limestone from the environment and waste disposed of at landfills

Effect of Infilled Walls On The Performance of Steel Frame Structures

Today, the subject of a building's resistance to lateral loads is one of the most important concerns of structural engineers. The partitions and infilled walls are non-structural elements that are important due to their effects on the lateral resistance of the building frame. Recently, it has been observed that great damage is occurring to infilled walls, partitions, and buildings in an earthquake-prone area. Infilled walls are effective at increasing the hardness and resistance of building frames, which changes the seismic properties of structures. Therefore, the study of interactions between the structural frame and the infilled walls is essential for a better understanding of structural behaviors. In this paper, the effect of infilled walls is investigated on the behaviour of steel frames using ABAQUS software. Modeling is carried out for different types of infilled materials, including brick and panel, as well as different thicknesses of the infills. It was observed that with an increase in the thickness of infills from 7 to 20 cm, the final capacity and energy absorption increased by 78%. Also, the panel-infilled frames have 18% more capacity and 3.8% more energy absorption than the brick-infilled frame in the same full state. As a result, panel-infilled frames outperform brick-infilled frames in terms of performanc

Structural performance assessment of high strength concrete containing spent garnet under three point bending test

The utilization of river sand for miscellaneous construction purposes had directly increased due to rapid growth of construction industry. This fact caused over exploitation of riverbeds and troubled the eco-system. This study aims to find out the optimum percentage of spent garnet in high strength concrete and to forecast the structural performance of high strength concrete containing spent garnet with the previous research results. This study focusing on comparing and forecasting the utilization of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% spent garnet as a sand replacement in high strength concrete at the age of 28 days. The level of 20% replacement of sand seen to be the optimum percentage of spent garnet for this concrete mixture to enhance its structure performance. It is concluded that, utilization of spent garnet in high strength concrete production able to reduce the dependency on river sand and lesser the waste from landfill

Residential rooftop solar panel adoption behavior: Bibliometric analysis of the past and future trends

This study reviews residents' behavioral adoption of rooftop solar photovoltaics (solar PV). Solar PV imparts many benefits towards the environment, economic and social development. However, there has been no comprehensive understanding of knowledge structure in solar PV adoption among households in the literature. Through a bibliometric approach, 564 publications on residents’ adoption of solar PV were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS). A co-citation and co-word analysis were performed to uncover past and predict future trends in this regard. The analysis produces significant themes related to residents' diffusion innovation adoption and motivation/predictors toward solar PV. This review contributes to the fundamental understanding of residents' critical determinants of solar PV adoption. Theory and practical implications are discussed

Corrosion of API X70 steel due to near shore sediment

Pipelines those have been buried under seabed sediment are at risk of corrosion due to the corrosiveness of this particular environment. Hereby, corrosion experimental study has been conducted to highlight the importance of near shore sediment as an aggressive environment towards steel structures. Coupons made from API X70 steel of actual pipe have been considered to calculate the corrosion rate by means of weight lost determination at both near shore and offshore areas. The results show that the corrosion rates of coupons buried at near shore area were higher than corrosion rates at offshore. Convincingly, near shore environment has shown a significant influence on corrosion rates of steel pipelines

Performance of high strength POFA concrete in acidic environment

Malaysia as the world’s largest exporter of palm oil has been facing problem in disposing palm oil fuel ash, a by-product of palm oil mill since many years ago. The discovery made by researchers of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia last century in revealing the potential of this finely ground waste as a partial cement replacement in normal concrete has stem efforts towards studying the possibility of using it in high strength concrete production. This paper illustrates the durability aspect of high strength concrete produced using POFA of different fineness when exposed to acidic environment. Two POFA concrete mixes with different fineness termed (POFA 45 and POFA 10) at 20% replacement level by weight of cement and an OPC concrete mix functioning as control specimen termed Po was considered in this study. All the specimens were subjected to water curing for 28 days before immersed in the hydrochloric solution having pH 2 for 1800 hours. The progressive deterioration was evaluated through mass changing of the specimens, visual inspection and relative compressive strength determinations. Conclusively, the study found that increase in the POFA fineness enhances the resistance of high strength POFA concrete towards acid attack