Interleukin-4 and interferon- γ levels in Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Background: Cytokines have been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Serum levels and gene expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were assessed by immunologic and PCR assays, respectively in patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated IM and NPC and EBV nega-tive controls. RESULTS: The serum levels of IFN- γ were elevated, but those of IL-4 were decreased in IM and NPC patients as compared with those of the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that serum levels of IFN-γ may be predominant over those of IL-4 during the cours of IM and NPC

Application of card blot as a semi-quantitative detection genes expression

The purpose of this research is to invent a break-trough methods of genes expression which are based on RNA-DNA hybridization, through a sensitive, efficient and cost effective way. In this research, biotin labeled probe were used to measure bc1-2 and c-myc niRNA genes expressions of peripheral blood lymphocyte from patients of Infectious Mononucleosis (IM), Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) and Non-diagnostic asymptomatic (NDA). The blotting process was brought about to attach the total RNA sample at the nitrocellulose membrane on card blot through vacuum process, continued by washing and baking at 80 ° C degrees for a period of 1 hour. Hybridization was undergone using bc1-2 and c-myc genes DNA fragment biotin labeled probe. Indirect detection system utilizing Streptavidin-Avidin - Horse Raddish Peroxidase (SA-HRP) to bind the biotin, was amplified with Biotynil-Tyramide (BT) and Diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogenic substrate that exists in Tyramide Signal AmplificationTM-Indirect (ISH). Result of this research showed that card blot can be used in detecting gene on the RNA level with a sum of 20 ng/sample rapidly and with an effective cost. Keywords: card blot dot blot â TS

CD4, CD8 and MHC Class I Expression in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study

Aim: The exact immunopathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)- associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of CD4, CD8, and MHC class I molecules in NPC. Method: Biopsies were obtained from patients with NPC as well as the Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-seronegative patients as a control. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were classified using the World Health Organization (WHO) pathological assessment and clinical stag- ing of NPC. The expression of CD4, CD8, and MHC class I in the biop- sies were assessed immunohistochemically. Result: The results showed that the number of CD4 positive, CD8 pos- itive, and MHC class I positive cells in NPC patients were higher than those in EBV-negative subjects (p<0.05). The number of these positive cells in NPC patients with WHO Type II or early clinical stage was not significantly differences with those with WHO Type III or late clinical stage, respectively (p>0.05). No statistical differences between the number of CD4 positive and CD8 positive cells in NPC patients could be found (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest, therefore, that the expression of CD4, CD8 and MHC class I molecules may not be as- sociated with the pathologic classification and clinical staging of NPC and that the CD4:CD8 ratio in nasopharyngeal carcinoma may indicate decreased functions of these infiltrating T cell subsets. Key words: CD4; CD8; MHC class I; NP

Short Communication Interleukin-4 and interferon-γ levels in Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Abstract BACKGROUND: Cytokines have been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)

Molecular Therapeutic Potency of Metformin by Targeting p53-Related Molecules in Mutant p53 Colon Cancer Cell Line

Colon cancer is a malignancy in gastrointestinal tract. It causes high mortality rate in global cancer population. However, chemotherapy as its first option therapy is still controversial due to its effectiveness and its adverse effects. Finding supportive and alternative drugs to cure cancer is one of focus in cancer research. A drug which also has anticancer effects is metformin. Metformin is a biguanide antidiabetic which show its potential anticancer benefit in metabolic-related cancers including colon cancer. To investigate anticancer potency of metformin in targeting p53-related molecules. Metformin treatment were divided into 4 groups by 0, 5, 10 and 20 mM concentrations and incubated in 37o C and 5 % CO2 condition for 48 hours. Immunohistochemistry were conducted to asses level of expression of Bax, p21, cyclin D1 and E2F1, respectively. Level of expression were measured by H-SCORE using percentage and intensity calculation. Comparisons of H-SCORE between groups were performed by ANOVA for parametrical data and Kruskal-Wallis for non-parametrical data. Growth inhibition were observed after metformin treatment. Metformin increases Bax expression significantly at all concentrations. p21 expression was also increased after metformin treatment but is not statistically significant. Subsequently, metformin decreases cyclin D1 expression at 10 and 20 mM concentration thus decreased E2F1 expression at 5 and 10 mM concentration. These data suggest that metformin may have potential therapeutic effects in mutant p53 colon cancer cell line by targeting p53-related molecules.Keywords: Colon cancer; p53; Biguanide; Metformin; p53-mutant cell lin

Pembentukan dan Pelatihan Kader Kesehatan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus tentang Protokol Kesehatan Masa Pandemi COVID-19

The incidence of COVID-19 in Indonesia is significantly increasing. In Indonesia, there were 965.283 confirmed cases and 27.453 people died of covid as of January 22, 2021. Meanwhile, the 7.505 confirmed cases and 352 death were from Surakarta. In this pandemic situation, the community must protect itself from being infected by the virus. Prevention is done by implementating the 5M health protocol, which are wearing mask, social distancing, and hand washing. Those health protocols are also part of clean and healthy lifestyle (PHBS). Special needs children (ABK) are those who have different characteristics than any other common children. Special health consideration should be given for those special needs child, including PHBS because of the special needs they are having and probable difficulties into implementing PHBS. The consideration can be given by their teacher, caretaker, parents, or trained social health workers in the hope of special needs children become independent into implementing the PHBS. The aim of this program is implementating social service program and helping special needs children to become independent in implementating PHBS and health protocol. The program was held by lecturing, demonstration, simulation, and supervised practice. This program hopefully will prevent either health issues or prevent the spreading of infective disease, specifically in this pandemic situation.Angka kejadian kasus baru COVID-19 di Indonesia meningkat secara signifikan. Data pada 22 Januari 2021 mencapai 965.283 kasus terkonfirmasi, 27.453 kematian, sedangkan untuk kota Surakarta mencapai 7.505 kasus terkonfirmasi, 352 kematian. Pada masa pandemi seperti saat ini semua masyarakat harus menjaga diri agar tidak tertular infeksi virus ini. Pencegahan yang dapat dilakuka&nbsp; dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan 5M selama pandemi COVID-19 yaitu Memakai masker, Menjaga jarak, dan Mencuci tangan. Protokol kesehatan tersebut juga termasuk Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS). Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) adalah anak yang mempunyai karakteristik khusus yang membedakan dengan anak pada umumnya. Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus semestinya mendapatkan perhatian khusus dalam hal kesehatan, salah satunya melalui penerapan PHBS dikarenakan kemungkinan adanya karakteristik dan hambatan yang dimiliki. Perhatian dapat diberikan oleh guru di sekolah/ pendamping, orang tua di rumah, ataupun dari kader kesehatan yang terlatih dengan harapan nantinya ABK dapat memelihara PHBS secara mandiri. Tujuan pengabdian ini untuk melaksanakan komponen Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan membantu kemandirian ABK dalam memelihara PHBS serta protokol kesehatan. Pengabdian dilakukan dengan metode ceramah, demonstrasi, simulasi, dan pendampingan praktik. Hal ini diharapkan dapat mencegah gangguan kesehatan maupun penularan penyakit infeksi khususnya di masa pandemi

Epstein-Barr Virus Ili��kili Nazofaringeal Karsinomada Cd4, Cd8 Ve Mhc Klas I Ekspresyonu: İMmunohistokimyasal ÇAl���ma

Aim: The exact immunopathogenesis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the expression of CD4, CD8, and MHC class I molecules in NPC. Method: Biopsies were obtained from patients with NPC as well as the Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-seronegative patients as a control. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were classified using the World Health Organization (WHO) pathological assessment and clinical staging of NPC. The expression of CD4, CD8, and MHC class I in the biopsies were assessed immunohistochemically. Result: The results showed that the number of CD4 positive, CD8 positive, and MHC class I positive cells in NPC patients were higher than those in EBV-negative subjects (p<0.05). The number of these positive cells in NPC patients with WHO Type II or early clinical stage was not significantly differences with those with WHO Type III or late clinical stage, respectively (p>0.05). No statistical differences between the number of CD4 positive and CD8 positive cells in NPC patients could be found (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest, therefore, that the expression of CD4, CD8 and MHC class I molecules may not be associated with the pathologic classification and clinical staging of NPC and that the CD4:CD8 ratio in nasopharyngeal carcinoma may indicate decreased functions of these infiltrating T cell subsets.Amaç: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ilişkili Nazofarengeal Karsinomun (NFK) immunopatogenezi tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, NPC de CD4, CD8 ve MHC Klas I ekspresyonunun araştırmaktır Metod: NFK tanults of the present study suggest, therefore, that the expression of CD4, CD8 and MHC class I molecules may not be associated with the pathologic classification and clinical staging of NPC and that the CD4:CD8 ratio in nasopharyngeal carcinoma may indicate decreased functions of these infiltrating T cell subsets. Bulgular: CD4 pozitif, CD8 pozitif ve MHC Klas I pozitiflik miktarı NFK hücrelerinde EBV negatif guruba göre yüksek bulundu (p<0.05). WHO Tip 2 veya erken evre NFK daki pozitif hücre sayısı ile WHO Tip 3 veya geç evre arasında istatistiksel olarak fark yoktu (p>0.05). NFK hastalarında CD4 pozitif hücre sayısı ile CD8 pozitif hücre sayısı arasında istatistiksel olarak fark yoktu (p>0.05). Sonuç: CD4, CD8 ve MHC Klas I moleküllerinin ekspresyonunun NFK hastalarında patolojik sınıflandırma ve klinik evreleme ile alakalı olmadığını, nasofarenks karsinomunda CD4/CD8 oranı infiltre eden T hücre alt gurublarının fonksiyonunda azalma olduğuna işaret etmektedir

Protective effect of moringa seed extract on kidney damage in rats fed a high-fat and high-fructose diet

المخلص: أهداف البحث: المورينجا نبات شائع يحتوي على مستويات عالية من مضادات الأكسدة. وبالتالي، تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل التأثير الوقائي لمستخلص بذوره على الكلى لنموذج الفئران مع نظام غذائي عالي الدهون وعالي الفركتوز. طريقة البحث: تم استخدام طريقة تصميم مجموعة التحكم قبل الاختبار وبعد الاختبار لقياس المعلمات الأيضية ووظائف الكلى ، بينما تم استخدام طريقة ما بعد الاختبار فقط في المجموعة الضابطة لتقييم الحجم الكبيبي وتعبير ديسموتازات الأكسيد الفائق. تم استخدام أخذ العينات الهادفة على 28 جرذا مقسمة إلى أربع مجموعات: مجموعة التحكم (ك1)، وثلاث مجموعات تغذت على نظام غذائي عالي الدهون وعالي الفركتوز لمدة 53 يوما (ك2 و ك3 وك4). بعد ذلك، تم إعطاء (ك3) 150 مجم / كجم من وزن الجسم / يوم؛ وتم إعطاء (ك4) 200 مجم / كجم من وزن الجسم / يوم مستخلص بذور المورينجا لمدة 28 يوما. النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن النظام الغذائي يزيد من مخاطر الإصابة بمتلازمة التمثيل الغذائي المتمثلة في زيادة الوزن والجلوكوز والدهون الثلاثية. أدت الجرعة المثلى من إدارة مستخلص بذور المورينجا إلى تحسن كبير في الحجم الكبيبي. الاستنتاجات: أعطت إدارة مستخلص بذور المورينجا تأثيرا وقائيا على الكلى عن طريق خفض مستويات الكرياتينين في الدم ، وتحسين الهيكل العام ، وزيادة التعبير عن مضادات الأكسدة ديسموتازات الأكسيد الفائق. Abstract: Objective: Moringa is a common plant that contains high levels of antioxidants. In this study, we aimed to analyze the protective effect of moringa seed extract on the kidneys of a rat model maintained on a high-fat and high-fructose (HFHF) diet. Methods: An experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design was used to measure metabolic parameters and determine kidney function, while a posttest-only method was used for the control group to determine glomerular volume and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression. Purposive sampling was used on 28 rats divided into four groups: a control (K1) group, and three groups fed a HFHF diet for 53 days (K2, K3, and K4). Subsequently, K3 and K4 were given 150 and 200 mg/kg BW per day moringa seed extract for 28 days. Data were analyzed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 22 software. Results: Analysis showed that the diet increased the risk of metabolic syndrome, as evidenced by weight gain, glucose, and triglycerides. The optimal dose of moringa seed extract significantly improved glomerular volume (p = 0.001). The expression of SOD in kidney tubules and glomeruli was significantly different with each group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001) respectively. Conclusion: The administration of moringa seed extract provided a protective effect on the kidney by reducing serum creatinine levels, improving overall structure, and increasing the expression of SOD, a key antioxidant

The effect of injection of ADSC compared to APPE on collagen density in aging skin (animal study)

Introduction : Aging is a biological process that can induces changes to the structural integrity and physiological function of skin. Structural changes of skin are a result of dermal atrophy, decreased collagen, the loss of subcutaneous fat, the loss of inherent elasticity, and increased melanogen.1,5,6 From the definition itself, a stem cell characterized by its ability to self-renew and also have an ability to differentiate along multiple lineage pathways.2,4 ADSC which is a kind of mesenchymal stem cell from human adipose tissue, have some potential properties as stem cells derived from bone marrow.4,7 Objective : The aim of this study was to verify the comparison effect of ADSCs and their secretome for skin aging treatment. Methods : ADSC were isolated from lipoaspirates obtained from healthy donors after obtaining written consent and ethical approval using liberase enzymatic digestion, washed with steril PBS and centrifused. After the phase, ADSC were seeded directly after isolation with liberases and cultured, then produced the conditioning media (AAPE) by hypoxia amplifies.3,4,6,7 We analyzed the ADSCs (2,5 x 105 cells) and their secretomes (0,1ml in 0,4ml NaCl 0,9%) by subcutaneous injection on the back of a rat (with range age 48 weeks), and followed began every two weeks after injected until six weeks and stained with Van Giessonstaining, for measured the density of collagen.3,5,6 Results : Collagen density was increased after ADSC injected to the skin. From statictical analysis showed there was a significant result of collagen density compared to control group and AAPE (p<0.05). We conclude that ADSC had anti-aging potential or regenerative by stimulating collagen synthesis of dermal fibroblast. ADSC will be as new modality treatment for aging skin in future