Assessment of Forest Road Network Alternatives for Pine Resin Extraction

Pine resin, one type of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), is important for Indonesia.   In addition to its high economic value, pine resin also has bright domestic and international market prospects.  Utilization of commercial pine resin has been carried out in Indonesia, but the forest road network required for extracting pine resin has not been specifically planned. To date, the planning and selection of forest road network  in  forest management in Indonesia are intended only for the extraction of  timber products and have not been integrated with the use of NTFPs; also,  they have not considered the economic, ecological, and social aspects a whole. Planning and selection of forest road network have focused more on economic aspects only. This study aimed at planning and assessing the forest road network for extracting pine resin by considering the economic, ecological, and social criteria.  Decision-making method used  to select the best  forest road network was utility analysis.  Indicator used  included road length, road density, a correction factor for manual carrying of pine resin, pine resin carrying distance, road construction cost, and productivity of carrying and extracting pine resin. The result of  the utility analysis indicates that an  alternative of forest road network for extracting pine resin has no the whole best indicators, but it has the highest utility value.  This study suggested that the use of the utility analysis help the decision makers to selects process for forest  road network alternative easily and rapidly

KERUSAKAN TEGAKAN TINGGAL PADA TEKNIK REDUCED IMPACT LOGGING DI INDONESIA: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS

Forest harvesting in the natural production forest management in Indonesia is mostly carried out using conventional logging techniques and causes serious damage to residual stands and soil resources. One of the efforts made to reduce this environmental damage is the application of reduced impact logging (RIL) techniques. This study aimed to collect and analyze research results related to the damage to residual stands caused by RIL in the natural production forest management in Indonesia. This study used a systematic review method. A systematic literature search was carried out at data sources such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, and SINTA, which were published between 1996-2021. All studies reported that applying RIL techniques can reduce the damage to the residual stands

Assessment of Forest Road Network Alternatives for Pine Resin Extraction

Pine resin, one type of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), is important for Indonesia.   In addition to its high economic value, pine resin also has bright domestic and international market prospects.  Utilization of commercial pine resin has been carried out in Indonesia, but the forest road network required for extracting pine resin has not been specifically planned. To date, the planning and selection of forest road network  in  forest management in Indonesia are intended only for the extraction of  timber products and have not been integrated with the use of NTFPs; also,  they have not considered the economic, ecological, and social aspects a whole. Planning and selection of forest road network have focused more on economic aspects only. This study aimed at planning and assessing the forest road network for extracting pine resin by considering the economic, ecological, and social criteria.  Decision-making method used  to select the best  forest road network was utility analysis.  Indicator used  included road length, road density, a correction factor for manual carrying of pine resin, pine resin carrying distance, road construction cost, and productivity of carrying and extracting pine resin. The result of  the utility analysis indicates that an  alternative of forest road network for extracting pine resin has no the whole best indicators, but it has the highest utility value.  This study suggested that the use of the utility analysis help the decision makers to selects process for forest  road network alternative easily and rapidly

Waste of Felling and On-Site Production of Teak Squarewood of the Community Forest

Major suppliers of teak wood for the raw material of furniture industry in Indonesia are Perum Perhutani, community forests, and private forests.  Community teak forest management produce roundwood or squarewood, in which squarewood is produced on the felling site by the use of chainsaw after felling and bucking activities. Utilization of teak wood from community forest has been practiced for decades, however information on the extent of utilization and the quantity of wood waste have not been published to a greater extent. The present research was intended to determine and analyze the extent of utilization and teak wood waste produced from felling and bucking, and on-site squarewood production of community forests.  Quantification of wood waste from felling and bucking was based on the whole tree method, while that of squarewood production was based on the percentage of yield. It was found that the quantity of teak felling and bucking wood waste in community forest was reaching 28% of felled wood volume that consisted of branch and twig (46.15%), upper trunk (30.77%), short cut off (15.38%), and stumps (7.69%). The largest part of the wood waste of teak felling and bucking satisfied the requirement as raw material of wood working industry according to Indonesian National Standard. On-site production of squarewood increased the quantity of wood waste in the forests (in the form of slabs and sawdust)

Waste of Felling and On-Site Production of Teak Squarewood of the Community Forest

Major suppliers of teak wood for the raw material of furniture industry in Indonesia are Perum Perhutani, community forests, and private forests.  Community teak forest management produce roundwood or squarewood, in which squarewood is produced on the felling site by the use of chainsaw after felling and bucking activities. Utilization of teak wood from community forest has been practiced for decades, however information on the extent of utilization and the quantity of wood waste have not been published to a greater extent. The present research was intended to determine and analyze the extent of utilization and teak wood waste produced from felling and bucking, and on-site squarewood production of community forests.  Quantification of wood waste from felling and bucking was based on the whole tree method, while that of squarewood production was based on the percentage of yield. It was found that the quantity of teak felling and bucking wood waste in community forest was reaching 28% of felled wood volume that consisted of branch and twig (46.15%), upper trunk (30.77%), short cut off (15.38%), and stumps (7.69%). The largest part of the wood waste of teak felling and bucking satisfied the requirement as raw material of wood working industry according to Indonesian National Standard. On-site production of squarewood increased the quantity of wood waste in the forests (in the form of slabs and sawdust)

Low Impact Felling Distance and Allowable Number of Felled Trees in TPTI System

Indonesian Selective Cutting and Planting System (TPTI) is a silvicultural system of production natural forests management conducted in Indonesia. TPTI implementation has resulted in damage to the residual stands and threatened the existence of production natural forests in Indonesia. This study assessed the damage level of the residual stands of commercial species due to low cutting intensity (0.77 trees ha-1), calculated low damages cutting distance, and determined the number of trees ha-1 which could be harvested sustainably. Dynamic sample plots with a circular shape with a radius of 2 times the height of felled trees were used in this study, and the number of sample plots was 29 plots with an average area of 1.3 ha. In the sample plots, the tree species, total height, diameter at breast height (dbh), and number of commercial trees ≥ 10 cm dbh were measured before and after cutting. The results showed that the damage level of residual stands caused by the low cutting intensity was 2.1%, where the damages included broken stems, splitted stems, and injured stems, leaning trees, fallen trees, broken crowns and broken buttresses. The low cutting intensity had damaged 7 commercial tree species with the diameter ≥ 10 cm. The study recommends sustainable cutting on TPTI with a distance of > 1.5 times the height of felled trees and the number of trees ha-1 that may be sustainably felled is no more than 5 trees ha-1.

Development of Line Intersect Method for Logging Residue Assessment of Teak

Line intersect method (LIM) emerged as one of the effective and efficient post-harvesting assessment methods. LIM was being widely used to estimate logging residue of plantation forest in the temperate zone. This method has not been used in tropical forest plantations, including teak forests. The study was carried out to determine the best design of LIM for assessing logging residue in the teak plantation. The circular and rectangular plot was used in this study.  A hundred percent logging residue inventory was carried out on each plot.  Then, one and combination of two and three line intersects per plot were placed on each plot. Bias, precision and accuracy criteria were calculated in order to compare the designs. The study found that estimation of logging residue volume using LIM was biased and tended to overestimate. LIM design with two lines combination per plot was the best design for assessing logging residue of the teak plantation

Development of Line Intersect Method for Logging Residue Assessment of Teak

Line intersect method (LIM) emerged as one of the effective and efficient post-harvesting assessment methods. LIM was being widely used to estimate logging residue of plantation forest in the temperate zone. This method has not been used in tropical forest plantations, including teak forests. The study was carried out to determine the best design of LIM for assessing logging residue in the teak plantation. The circular and rectangular plot was used in this study.  A hundred percent logging residue inventory was carried out on each plot.  Then, one and combination of two and three line intersects per plot were placed on each plot. Bias, precision and accuracy criteria were calculated in order to compare the designs. The study found that estimation of logging residue volume using LIM was biased and tended to overestimate. LIM design with two lines combination per plot was the best design for assessing logging residue of the teak plantation

Harvesting Systems of Private Forests in Indonesia: A Review

Private forests are spread over almost all the islands of Indonesia. Private forest harvesting has an important and strategic role in improving the welfare of the Indonesian people, especially in rural areas. Therefore, this research presents a review of harvesting systems used in private forests in Indonesia. This research uses literature searching and a statistical database. The basic criteria for selecting a harvesting system of private forest are a timber sales system, low equipment capital costs, and labor-intensive as well as adaptivity to local wisdom. Harvesting of private forests is mainly carried out by small-scale contractors Forest harvesting systems are partly mechanized and non-mechanized. Chainsaw was the cutting tool used for felling, debranching, and bucking. The most commonly used forest harvesting systems are manual and those involving modified motorbikes. Another less common system is conducted with animals, winches, and simple skyline systems. Loggers in private forests are self-taught workers and have not received special training in harvesting techniques, log bucking and wood extraction, and chainsaw maintenance. Improvement of wood extraction techniques is urgently needed, especially in aspects of the operating system, occupational health, and safety in forest harvesting with modified motorbikes, winches, and simple skyline systems. 

PKW Program 2018-2020: The Transformation of Mutiara Waste Bank Jakamulya Village Bekasi to Implement 3R-based Technology

The impact of not optimal waste management in Jakamulya Urban Village, Bekasi City, which is always flooded by garbage and Situ Wo which cannot hold water. Efforts to manage waste from its source have been made with waste banks but have not been optimal. The objective of the Regional Partnership Program (PKW) with Bekasi City is to increase community participation in waste management with the 3R concept (reuse, recycle, reduce). Based on the results of implementing the PKW program, it can be concluded that the operation of the Mutiara Waste Bank in Pondok Suryamandala, Jakamulya Village, Bekasi City based on TPS 3R is the key to handling community-based (communal) waste which is very effective for waste management that is directly the community as a plus manager (home industry owner). Without this communal system, it is impossible for waste to be handled completely or sustainably. Cultivating good waste disposal methods starting from the household environment to submitting waste to the Waste Bank is an effective method at the community level that will ultimately be independent of the community in managing their own waste. Organizing TPS 3R into a center for the maximum utilization of organic and inorganic waste is a communal-based waste management program that will definitely cut the chain of waste distribution from TPS 3R to landfills.Dampak dari tidak optimalnya manajemen sampah pada Kelurahan Jakamulya yang selalu terkena banjir akibat sampah dan Situ Wo yang tidak bisa menampung air. Upaya-upaya untuk mengelola sampah dari sumbernya sudah dilakukan dengan bank sampah namun belum optimal. Tujuan Program Kemitraan Wilayah Kota Bekasi adalah peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan Sampah dengan konsep 3R (reuse, recycle, reduce).   Berdasarkan hasil penerapan program PKW dapat disimpulkan bahwa operasional  Bank sampah Mutiara Pondok Suryamandala di Kelurahan Jakamulya Kota Bekasi berbasis TPS 3R menjadi kunci penanganan sampah berbasis masyarakat (komunal) sangat efektif untuk pengelolaan sampah yang langsung masyarakat sebagai pengelola plus (pemilik home industri). Tanpa system komunal ini mustahil sampah dapat diatasi dengan tuntas atau berkelanjutan. Membudayakan cara pembuangan sampah yang baik mulai dari lingkungan rumah tangga hingga dengan cara menyerahkan sampah ke Bank Sampah adalah metoda efektif di tingkat masyarakat yang akhirnya akan memandirikan masyarakat dalam mengelola sampahnya sendiri. Menata TPS 3R menjadi pusat pemanfaatan sampah organik dan anorganik secara maksimal merupakan program pengelolaan sampah berbasis komunal yang secara pasti akan memotong mata rantai distribusi sampah dari TPS 3R ke tempat pembuangan akhir