Effects of active and passive smoking on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalance

Araştırmanın amacı 40 yaş ve üzerindeki kişilerde Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı (KOAH) prevalansını saptamak ve aktif ve pasif sigara içiciliği başta olmak üzere risk etmenlerinin KOAH'a etkisini incelemektir. Araştırma kentsel bir alan olan Balçova İlçesi'nde yürütülmüştür. Kesitsel tipteki bu araştırmada en az örnek büyüklüğü oluşturan 380 kişi mahalle düzeyinde nüfusa göre tabakalama yapıldıktan sonra rasgele sayılar tablosu kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. KOAH tanısı Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2008 kılavuza uygun olarak, bronkodilatör sonrası spirometrik ölçümde 1. saniyedeki zorlu ekspirasyon hacminin (FEV1) zorlu vital kapasiteye (FVC) oranı <%70 saptandıysa konmuştur. Toplamda 306 kişi KOAH yönünden değerlendirilmiş ve ulaşılma oranı %80.5 olarak saptanmıştır. KOAH prevalansı %11.8 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan lojistik regresyon analizinde 20 paket*yıl ve üzerinde sigara kullananlarda KOAH olma olasılığı hiç kullanmayanlara göre 8.2 (%95 GA=2.7-24.7) kat anlamlı olarak yüksek saptanmıştır. Evlenmeden önce ve evlendikten sonra yaşanılan ev(ler)de ayrıca işyerinde pasif sigara içimi olması KOAH olma olasılığını anlamlı olarak artırmamıştır. Yaş ve aylık kişi başı gelir düzeyi KOAH varlığının diğer belirleyici etmenleri olarak bulunmuştur. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to evaluate the effects of risk factors on COPD mainly active and passive smoking in individuals 40 years and older. The study was conducted in Balçova District which is an urban area. Minimun sample size of 380 individuals was determined by using random numbers table after making stratification based on the population of the neighborhood in this cross-sectional study. If post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio was found <70% diagnosis of COPD was made based on the 2008 guideline of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Totally 306 individuals were evaluated for COPD and participation rate was 80.5%. Prevalence of COPD was determined as 11.8%. The probability of having COPD was 8.2 (95% CI=2.7-24.7) times significantly higher among smokers who smoked more than 20 package*years compared to non-smokers at the logistic regression analysis. The presence of passive smoking at the household before marriage and after marriage, also at workplace did not increase the probability of having COPD significantly. Age and individual?s monthly income was found as other determinants of COPD existence

Relationship of socioeconomic status with health behaviors and self-perceived health in the elderly: A community-based study, Turkey

AimThe purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of socioeconomic status on health behaviors and perceived health

Smoking Cessation and the Effect of Nicotine Dependence on Relapse Rate in İzmir, Turkey

Background/aim: Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the world. There is growing evidence of the need for community-based programs on smoking cessation. The main purpose of this study is to establish the rate of smoking cessation and restarting in 1 year at the Balcova Smoking Cessation Center. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study with a study group of 359 individuals who quit smoking at the Balcova Smoking Cessation Center for at least 4 weeks between October 2009 and April 2010. The outcomes of the study were 1-year cessation rate and relapse rate. Individuals who reported restarting and/or had CO measurements above 6 ppm were accepted as quitters who had relapsed. Results: The 1-year rate of smoking cessation was 30.1% for the study group. Of the subjects who quit smoking, 50.1% started smoking again during the 1-year follow-up. Relapse rate was also higher in nicotine addicts. Pharmacological treatment was associated with increased success rates in smoking cessation. Conclusion: Nicotine dependency was shown to be associated with lower rates of smoking cessation and higher rates of relapse. Therefore, it is important to begin smoking cessation attempts before individuals become serious addicts.WoSScopu

Smoking cessation and the effect of nicotine dependence onrelapse rate in İzmir, Turkey

Background/aim: Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the world. There is growing evidence of the need for community-based programs on smoking cessation. The main purpose of this study is to establish the rate of smoking cessation and restarting in 1 year at the Balcova Smoking Cessation Center. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study with a study group of 359 individuals who quit smoking at the Balcova Smoking Cessation Center for at least 4 weeks between October 2009 and April 2010. The outcomes of the study were 1-year cessation rate and relapse rate. Individuals who reported restarting and/or had CO measurements above 6 ppm were accepted as quitters who had relapsed. Results: The 1-year rate of smoking cessation was 30.1% for the study group. Of the subjects who quit smoking, 50.1% started smoking again during the 1-year follow-up. Relapse rate was also higher in nicotine addicts. Pharmacological treatment was associated with increased success rates in smoking cessation. Conclusion: Nicotine dependency was shown to be associated with lower rates of smoking cessation and higher rates of relapse. Therefore, it is important to begin smoking cessation attempts before individuals become serious addicts.WoSScopu

Koroner kalp hastalığı(KKH) riski olup Toplum Tabanlı Sigara Bırakma Merkezi’ne davet edilenlerin başvurusunu etkileyen etmenler

Özet Amaç: Bu çalışmada amaç, KKH riski olup Toplum Tabanlı Sigara Bırakma Merkezi’ne davet edilenlerin başvurusuna etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Balçova’da yaşayan 30 yaş üzeri kişilerin KKH risk durumlarının belirlendiği ve buna yönelik girişimlerin planlandığı Balçova’nın Kalbi(BAK) projesi kapsamında 2008 yılında yapılan durum saptama çalışmasında belirlenen Framingham risk düzeylerine göre KKH riski orta ve yüksek düzeyde riski olup sigara içen kişiler (1390 kişi) veri tabanından seçilmiştir.  Projede eğitimli yedi kişiden oluşan Toplum Sağlığı Destek Grubu (TSDG) hedef gruba ev ziyaretleri ya da telefonla ulaşarak projeye katılmaları için merkeze davet etmişlerdir. Sigara Bırakma Merkezi’nde tüm hizmetler ücretsiz olarak sunulmuştur. Araştırmanın bağımlı değişkeni, Sigara Bırakma Merkezi’ne başvuru durumudur. Bağımsız değişkenleri ise yaş, cinsiyet, öğrenim durumu, medeni durum, sosyal güvence durumu, düzenli sigara içmeye başlama yaşı, günlük içilen sigara sayısı, sigara bırakmayı deneme, sigara bırakmayı düşünme, sigara bırakma hizmeti almak istemedir.    Bulgular: Hedef grup olan 1390 kişiden %49’una(681) evinde ulaşılmıştır.  Sigara Bırakma Merkezi’ne davet edilip randevu alan 444 kişiden %68.2’si başvurmuş, randevu almadığı halde başvuran 28 kişi de izleme alınmışlardır(n=330). Hedef grubun başvurusunu yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, öğrenim durumu, sosyal güvence durumu anlamlı olarak etkilememektedir. Sigarayı bırakmayı düşünenlerde, daha önce bırakmayı deneyenlerde ve sigara bırakma hizmeti almak isteyenlerde merkeze başvuru anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Toplum tabanlı olarak çalışmaya başlayan, KKH riski orta ve üzerinde olan kişilerin davet edilerek, ücretsiz hizmet sunulan bir sigara bırakma merkezinde davete yanıt verme düşüktür. Sigara bırakmada, KKH riski olanlarda bile, bireyin bu konudaki isteği hizmete ulaşmada önemli bir etkendir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sigarayı bırakma programı, koroner kalp hastalığı. The factors that affect registration at a community-based cigarette cessation center of persons at risk of coronary heart disease Abstract Objective: The aim was to evaluate the factors that affect attendance at a community based smoking cessation center by people who are at risk of  coronary heart disease.Method: The study population was drawn from/ obtained from the database of the Balçova Heart Study, and included those who were older than 30 years and had been assessed for their CHD risk status in a survey in 2008.  Smokers, who are at medium or high risk according to the Framingham risk score, were selected (1390 people).  Seven young people were trained as a Community Health Support Group in the project and they were invited the target the study-group by visiting homes or by telephone.  Services in the smoking cessation center were free of charge. The dependent variable of the study was attendance at the smoking cessation center. Independent variables were; socio-demographic variables, age when starting to smoke, number of cigarettes per day, attempts at cessation, considering cessation, willingness to participate in a smoking cessation service. Results: Forty nine percent of the target group was reached at their homes. Among the people who made an appointment (n=444), 68.2% had attended. The attenders and non-attenders from the target group did not differ statistically in age, gender, marital status, educational level or social security type.  The people who had considered or attempted to quit or who wanted a support service in the baseline survey attended significantly more than the ones who had not. Conclusion: Less than one in three people with medium and high CHD risk and who were advised to attend, to a service provided free of charge.  Willingness to quit is an important factor for attending the center, even in the high risk individuals. Key Words: Smoking cessation programs , coronary heart disease. </p

Balcova heart study: rationale and methodology of the Turkish cohort

Turkey is facing increasing rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The study is designed to meet the growing need to obtain information about the recent status and trends of CVD risk factors and their impact on mortality

High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in a Western urban Turkish population: a community-based study

WOS: 000317361900003PubMed ID: 23070631Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the largest cause of morbidity and mortality in Turkey and in the World. Heart of Balcova Project is a community-based health promotion project that aims to reduce CVD incidence and prevalence through risk factor modification in the individual and population level. This paper presents results of the baseline survey that aimed to define CVD risk factors and risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Balcova population. Methods: The study population included 36,187 people over 30 years of age residing in Balcova in 2007. Individuals were interviewed at their homes. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were measured and in total 12914 fasting blood samples were collected for lipid and glucose analyses. CHD risk was estimated using Framingham risk equation. Student's t test, Chi-square for trend test and ANOVA were used to compare mean levels and percentages of risk factors between age groups and gender. Results: In total 5552 men and 10528 women participated in the study. Smoking prevalence was 38.6% in men and 26.8% in women. The prevalence of obesity was 29.4% among men and 44.2% among women and obesity prevalence increased until the age group 75 years old. While 14.6% of men and 12.6% of women had diabetes, 39.8% of men and 41.8% of women had hypertension. The prevalence of high total cholesterol was 56.0% in men and 50.6% in women. Men had a higher risk of developing CHD compared to women in the following 10 years (13.4% vs 2.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of preventable risk factors for CHD is very high in Balcova population. Community-based interventions should be planned and implemented targeting both the high-risk individuals and whole population. (Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2013; 13: 9-17)Balcova MunicipalityBelediyeler; Dokuz Eylul University Research FundDokuz Eylul University [2007161]This study was supported jointly by Balcova Municipality and Dokuz Eylul University Research Fund (Grant no:2007161