Introduction: The British World

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Presidential Address: Whatever happened to the British Empire?

Since the 1960s historians of the second British Empire have been seeking to redefine their field in ways that would give it continuing relevance. Unfortunately, in the process, they have lost sight of one of the most important components of the nineteenth-century empire. Even the most promising of the new approaches — the effort to reintegrate imperial history with domestic British history — is flawed by the failure to recognize, as J.C.A. Pocock has insisted, that Greater Britain included not only the British Isles but also the British colonies of settlement. Because historians of the second British Empire no longer have much interest in colonization, they have glossed over the differences between the colonies formed in the first wave of European expansion prior to 1783 and those formed during the much larger second wave that commenced in 1815 and they have underestimated the long-term significance of those colonies in helping to shape the sense of identity held by the British at home. But historians of the colonies of settlement must also take some of the responsibility for this myopia because they have lost sight of the significance of the empire to those Britons who established themselves abroad in the nineteenth century. In fact, Canadian historians have locked themselves into a teleological framework which is obsessed with the evolution of Canadian autonomy and the construction of a Canadian national identity and thus downplayed the significance of the imperial experience in shaping the identity of nineteenth-century British Canadians. It is time now not only to place the nineteenth-century colonies of settlement back on the agenda of imperial historians but also to put the imperial experience back where it belongs, at the centre of nineteenth-century Canadian history.Depuis les annés 1960, les historiens du Second Empire britannique ont tenté de redéfinir leur champs de façon à en perpétuer la pertinence. Ce faisant, ils ont malheureusement perdu de vue l'un des éléments les plus importants de l'Empire du XIXe siècle. Même la plus prometteuse de ces approches — celle qui tente de replacer l'histoire impériale au sein de l'histoire domestique de la Grande-Bretagne — n 'échappe pas à cet insuccès à reconnaître que la Grande-Bretagne, comme l'a souligné J.G.A. Pocock, comprenait non seulement les îles britanniques mais encore les colonies de peuplement. Comme les historiens du Second Empire britannique ne s'intéressent plus beaucoup à la colonisation, ils ont atténué les différences entre les colonies formées au cours de la première vague d'expansion précédant 1783 et celles qui se sont constituées au cours d'une deuxième vague, beaucoup plus longue. De même, ils ont sous-estimé la signification des colonies, au pays même, dans le long processus de construction de l'identité britannique. Mais les historiens des colonies de peuplement ont eux-mêmes contribué à cette myopie en oubliant à quel point l'Empire comptait pour les Britanniques qui s'établirent à l'étranger au cours du XIXe siècle. Défaits, les historiens canadiens, en s'enfermant dans un cadre d'analyse téléologique obsédés par l'évolution de l'autonomie canadienne et par la constitution d'une identité nationale, ont relégué à l'arrière plan la signification de l'expérience impériale dans la construction de l'identité des Canadiens d'origine britannique au XIXe siècle. Dorénavant, il est temps de replacer les colonies de peuplement du XIXe siècle sur la planche des historiens de l'Empire et de situer cette expérience au centre de l'historié canadienne du XIXe siècle, à laquelle elle appartient de plein droit

Recovery in Level 7-10 USA Artistic Gymnastics

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(5): 734-742, 2017. This study assessed physical performance in women’s artistic gymnastics following three variable recovery periods. Participants included fifteen female gymnasts (mean age = 13.5 ± 1.1) who had competed at USA Gymnastics (USAG) levels 7 – 10 within at least one year prior to the study. Each testing session consisted of a warm-up followed by four muscular endurance tests and one explosive maximal test. Assessments included pull-ups, leg lifts, handstand push-ups, vertical jump, and push-ups. After the performance assessments, the participants completed a typical practice session. The performance measures were reassessed at the beginning of each of the recovery periods of 24, 48, and 72 hours in a counterbalanced design. Performance assessments were converted into Z-scores and then averaged for a composite session Z-score. The composite session Z-scores were compared to evaluate the recovery duration. Composite Z’s were significantly lower (p=0.000), after the 24 (z=-1.10) and the 48 hour (z=-0.71) recovery periods compared to baseline (z=0.00). However, there was no difference in scores (p=1.00) between the baseline and 72 hours (z=0.004) recovery. Full recovery required 72 hours under the conditions of this study

Keratoconus in a patient with Alport syndrome: A case report

BACKGROUND Known ocular manifestations of Alport syndrome include features such as anterior lenticonus and fleck retinopathy. Reports of keratoconus in such patients are limited. We report tomographic findings consistent with keratoconus in a patient with Alport syndrome. CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old female was referred to our ophthalmology clinic with decreased vision and increased tearing. She was diagnosed with stage III Alport syndrome two years prior. Upon examination she was found to have average keratometries of 48 D bilaterally with tomographic evidence of keratoconus. CONCLUSION Although a rare presentation, concurrent Alport syndrome and keratoconus should be considered when reviewing the ocular health of Alport syndrome patients and appropriate management steps should be taken upon the diagnosis

Visual Prognosis after Explantation of Small-Aperture Corneal Inlays in Presbyopic Eyes: A Case Series

The purpose of this study was to report visual prognosis after explantation of a small-aperture corneal inlay used for the treatment of presbyopia. This is a retrospective case series conducted at a single site in Draper, Utah, USA (Hoopes Vision). Medical records of 176 patients who had received a small-aperture corneal inlay (KAMRA™, AcuFocus Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) were reviewed. Patients who had undergone explantation of the device were identified. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) were measured pre-implantation, post-implantation, pre-explantation, and post-explantation of the inlay. Ten eyes from ten patients were included in this study. The explantation rate was 5.7% over 31 months, with blurry vision as the most common complaint. After explantation, six patients achieved pre-implantation UDVA, and six achieved pre-implantation UNVA. Eight of nine patients who underwent final manifest refraction achieved pre-operative CDVA. All patients had residual donut-shaped corneal haze in the stroma at the previous position of the inlay. All patients experienced improvement in haze with 20% experiencing complete resolution. The degree of stromal haze was not related to the duration of implantation. Of the subset of patients who underwent explantation of their small-aperture corneal inlay, there was persistent loss of CDVA in 10%. The majority of patients experienced some level of residual stromal haze, which may contribute to deficits in UNVA and CDVA in few patients. A hyperopic shift induced by the corneal inlay may contribute to the blurry vision these patients experienced; there was a reduction of this shift post-explantation. While this device is removable, patients should expect some post-explantation changes such as residual haze with a small subset experiencing persistent deficits in CDVA

From ritual to drama

This thesis and its accompanying videocassette aim to teach evolution of Christian religious worship and medieval (religious) drama. Places a special focus on the development of tropes, especially the form known as Quem Quaeritis

Effects of a changing environment on the aboveground and belowground systems of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh)

The environment is constantly changing. A change in one environmental factor will cause changes in many other environmental factors either simultaneously or sequentially. For example, an increase in available light, due to canopy opening by natural disturbances, may increase soil temperature and moisture on the forest floor. Therefore, a changing environment has interactive effects on the trees. In forest ecological studies, the effects of some single environmental factors on tree growth are known, but there is a lack of knowledge of the interactions between multiple factors. An understanding of the interactive effects of abiotic and biotic factors on trees is critical for an understanding of the growth and survival of understory saplings in a complex changing environment. The aboveground and belowground systems of a tree respond differently to the same abiotic factors, such as light, since these systems grow in differing environments. This thesis will focus on the interactive effects among available light (including canopy gap size), tree size, artificial shading, liming and plant competition on the aboveground and belowground systems of yellow birch and sugar maple growing in the understory in two field experiments and the interactive effects of light, elevated CO 2 and mycorrhizae on seedlings of both species in a phytotron experiment. The three investigations will address several key questions concerning the growth of these two species and the development of their mycorrhizae in a complex changing environment in the present and future

CHARMM at 45: Enhancements in Accessibility, Functionality, and Speed

Since its inception nearly a half century ago, CHARMM has been playing a central role in computational biochemistry and biophysics. Commensurate with the developments in experimental research and advances in computer hardware, the range of methods and applicability of CHARMM have also grown. This review summarizes major developments that occurred after 2009 when the last review of CHARMM was published. They include the following: new faster simulation engines, accessible user interfaces for convenient workflows, and a vast array of simulation and analysis methods that encompass quantum mechanical, atomistic, and coarse-grained levels, as well as extensive coverage of force fields. In addition to providing the current snapshot of the CHARMM development, this review may serve as a starting point for exploring relevant theories and computational methods for tackling contemporary and emerging problems in biomolecular systems. CHARMM is freely available for academic and nonprofit research at https://academiccharmm.org/program