4,249 research outputs found
Noise Limited Computational Speed
In modern transistor based logic gates, the impact of noise on computation
has become increasingly relevant since the voltage scaling strategy, aimed at
decreasing the dissipated power, has increased the probability of error due to
the reduced switching threshold voltages. In this paper we discuss the role of
noise in a two state model that mimic the dynamics of standard logic gates and
show that the presence of the noise sets a fundamental limit to the computing
speed. An optimal idle time interval that minimizes the error probability, is
derived
Quantum Fluctuations of a Coulomb Potential as a Source of Flicker Noise
The power spectrum of quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field
produced by an elementary particle is determined. It is found that in a wide
range of practically important frequencies the power spectrum of fluctuations
exhibits an inverse frequency dependence. The magnitude of fluctuations
produced by a conducting sample is shown to have a Gaussian distribution around
its mean value, and its dependence on the sample geometry is determined. In
particular, it is demonstrated that for geometrically similar samples the power
spectrum is inversely proportional to the sample volume. It is argued also that
the magnitude of fluctuations induced by external electric field is
proportional to the field strength squared. A comparison with experimental data
on flicker noise measurements in continuous metal films is made.Comment: 11 pages, substantially corrected and extende
Hypotheses, evidence and relationships: The HypER approach for representing scientific knowledge claims
Biological knowledge is increasingly represented as a collection of (entity-relationship-entity) triplets. These are queried, mined, appended to papers, and published. However, this representation ignores the argumentation contained within a paper and the relationships between hypotheses, claims and evidence put forth in the article. In this paper, we propose an alternate view of the research article as a network of 'hypotheses and evidence'. Our knowledge representation focuses on scientific discourse as a rhetorical activity, which leads to a different direction in the development of tools and processes for modeling this discourse. We propose to extract knowledge from the article to allow the construction of a system where a specific scientific claim is connected, through trails of meaningful relationships, to experimental evidence. We discuss some current efforts and future plans in this area
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Software agents in support of human argument mapping
This paper reports progress in realizing human-agent argumentation, which we argue will be part of future Computer-Supported Collaborative Argumentation (CSCA) tools. With a particular interest in argument mapping, we present two investigations demonstrating how a particular agent-oriented language and architecture can augment CSCA: (i) the use of the IBIS formalism enabling Brahms agents to simulate argumentation, and (ii) the extension of the Compendium tool by integrating it with Brahms agents tasked with detecting related discourse elsewhere
An experimental demonstration of blind ocean acoustic tomography
Despite the advantages clearly demonstrated by ocean acoustic tomography OAT when compared to other ocean monitoring techniques, it suffers from several technical-related drawbacks. One is the
requirement for rather expensive equipment to be maintained and operated at several locations in order to obtain sufficient source–receiver propagation paths to cover a given ocean volume. This paper presents the preliminary feasibility tests of a concept that uses ships of opportunity as sound
sources for OAT. The approach adopted in this paper views the tomographic problem as a global inversion that includes determining both the emitted signal and the environmental parameters, which is a similar problem to that seen in blind channel identification and was therefore termed blind ocean acoustic tomography BOAT . BOAT was tested on a data set acquired in October 2000 in a shallow-water area off the west coast of Portugal, including both active and passive ship noise data. Successful results show that BOAT is able to estimate detailed water column temperature profiles coherent with independent measurements in intervals where the uncontrolled source signal ship noise presents a sufficient bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio, which clearly define the limitations of the presented method.FCT; CN
Critical Ultrasonics Near the Superfluid Transition : Finite Size Effects
The suppression of order parameter fluctuations at the boundaries causes the
ultrasonic attenuation near the superfluid transition to be lowered below the
bulk value. We calculate explicitly the first deviation from the bulk value for
temperatures above the lambda point. This deviation is significantly larger
than for static quantities like the thermodynamic specific heat or other
transport properties like the thermal conductivity. This makes ultrasonics a
very effective probe for finite size effects.Comment: 10 pages (LaTeX), 1 figure (PostScript
Evolving Spatially Aggregated Features from Satellite Imagery for Regional Modeling
Satellite imagery and remote sensing provide explanatory variables at
relatively high resolutions for modeling geospatial phenomena, yet regional
summaries are often desirable for analysis and actionable insight. In this
paper, we propose a novel method of inducing spatial aggregations as a
component of the machine learning process, yielding regional model features
whose construction is driven by model prediction performance rather than prior
assumptions. Our results demonstrate that Genetic Programming is particularly
well suited to this type of feature construction because it can automatically
synthesize appropriate aggregations, as well as better incorporate them into
predictive models compared to other regression methods we tested. In our
experiments we consider a specific problem instance and real-world dataset
relevant to predicting snow properties in high-mountain Asia
Using XML and XSLT for flexible elicitation of mental-health risk knowledge
Current tools for assessing risks associated with mental-health problems require assessors to make high-level judgements based on clinical experience. This paper describes how new technologies can enhance qualitative research methods to identify lower-level cues underlying these judgements, which can be collected by people without a specialist mental-health background.
Methods and evolving results: Content analysis of interviews with 46 multidisciplinary mental-health experts exposed the cues and their interrelationships, which were represented by a mind map using software that stores maps as XML. All 46 mind maps were integrated into a single XML knowledge structure and analysed by a Lisp program to generate quantitative information about the numbers of experts associated with each part of it. The knowledge was refined by the experts, using software developed in Flash to record their collective views within the XML itself. These views specified how the XML should be transformed by XSLT, a technology for rendering XML, which resulted in a validated hierarchical knowledge structure associating patient cues with risks.
Conclusions: Changing knowledge elicitation requirements were accommodated by flexible transformations of XML data using XSLT, which also facilitated generation of multiple data-gathering tools suiting different assessment circumstances and levels of mental-health knowledge
Evaluation of specific heat for superfluid helium between 0 - 2.1 K based on nonlinear theory
The specific heat of liquid helium was calculated theoretically in the Landau
theory. The results deviate from experimental data in the temperature region of
1.3 - 2.1 K. Many theorists subsequently improved the results of the Landau
theory by applying temperature dependence of the elementary excitation energy.
As well known, many-body system has a total energy of Galilean covariant form.
Therefore, the total energy of liquid helium has a nonlinear form for the
number distribution function. The function form can be determined using the
excitation energy at zero temperature and the latent heat per helium atom at
zero temperature. The nonlinear form produces new temperature dependence for
the excitation energy from Bose condensate. We evaluate the specific heat using
iteration method. The calculation results of the second iteration show good
agreement with the experimental data in the temperature region of 0 - 2.1 K,
where we have only used the elementary excitation energy at 1.1 K.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Journal of Physics: Conference
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