The special school as \u27natural habitat\u27? On the persistence of segregated education of students with intellectual disabilities

In this essay, the author explores the reasons behind the persistence of segregated education of students with intellectual disabilities in Austria. Doing so, he critically interrogates three phases of the Austrian education system concerning the role of students with intellectual disabilities: (1) The rapid expansion of special schools in the 1960s and 1970s, (2) the rise of integrated education in the 1980s and 1990s and (3) the last two decades, which were characterized by budget cuts, school accountability policies and failed efforts to further the implementation of inclusive education. (DIPF/Orig.

Ableism-kritische Professionalisierung als Beitrag für Transformationsprozesse in Zielperspektive Inklusiver Bildung

In diesem Beitrag wird danach gefragt, was eine ableism-kritische Perspektive zur Transformation von Schule in Richtung Inklusiver Bildung beitragen kann. Diesbezüglich wird insbesondere der Bereich der Professionalisierung von Lehrer*innen adressiert. Dazu werden zunächst grundlegende Strukturmerkmale ableistischer Regime herausgearbeitet. In einem zweiten Schritt werden diese auf die Schule übertragen und es wird aufgezeigt, welchen Fähigkeitserwartungen Schüler*innen und Lehrer*innen hier ausgesetzt sind. Inklusive Bildung kann, wie weiter ausgeführt wird, als Gegenspielerin zur ableistischen Subjektproduktion in Schulen erachtet werden, die auf eine umfassende Transformation der schulischen Modi von Befähigung abzielt. Auf Basis dieser Befunde werden schließlich drei Ansatzpunkte für eine ableism-kritische Lehrer*innenbildung vorgestellt. (DIPF/Orig.)This paper asks what a critical perspective on ableist education can contribute to the transformation of schools towards inclusive education. In this regard, the professionalization of teachers is addressed in particular. To this end, this chapter will first elaborate basic structural features of ableist regimes. In a second step, these are transferred to the school, showing which ability expectations students and teachers are exposed to here. As will be further explained, Inclusive education can be seen as a counterpart to ableist subject production in schools, aiming at a comprehensive transformation of school modes of empowerment. Finally, three starting points for ableist-critical teacher education are presented. (DIPF/Orig.

Donlic, Jasmin / Jaksche-Hoffman, Elisabeth / Peterlini, Hans Karl (Hrsg.): Ist inklusive Schule möglich? Nationale und internationale Perspektiven Bielefeld: transcript 2019 (312 S.) [Rezension]

Rezension von: Donlic, Jasmin / Jaksche-Hoffman, Elisabeth / Peterlini, Hans Karl (Hrsg.): Ist inklusive Schule möglich? Nationale und internationale Perspektiven Bielefeld: transcript 2019 (312 S.; ISBN 978-3-8376-4312-1; 29,99 EUR)

Inclusive Spaces? Rekonstruktionen der Raum-Fähigkeits-Regime von Integrationsklassen an Neuen Mittelschulen

Tobias Buchner entfaltet zunächst die Relationen zwischen Raum, dis*ability und (inklusiver) Bildung. Schule wird dabei als Ensemble von relationalen Räumen gedacht, in denen Kinder zu Schüler*innen gemacht und in einer spezifischen Art und Weise befähigt werden sollen. So sind Schüler*innen dazu angehalten, sich die in ihrer Epoche relevant gesetzten Fähigkeiten sowie Wissensformen anzueignen – um gleichzeitig entlang der Performanz dieser Aneignungen unter ableistischen Parametern beurteilt, gegliedert und (different) platziert zu werden. Dementsprechend sind Räume auch häufig durch behindernde Fähigkeitserwartungen strukturiert. Inklusion tritt als Gegenspielerin zur ableistischen Matrix von Schule an. Unter den Dächern der Regelschule sollen über inklusive pädagogische Praktiken Räume hervorgebracht werden, die durch Fähigkeitserwartungen gekennzeichnet sind, welche den individuellen Lerndispositionen und -bedürfnissen von Schüler*innen entsprechen. Derart sollen umfassende Formen von Teilhabe, die Anerkennung aller sowie sozial gerechtere Modi der Befähigung ermöglicht werden. Bildungspolitisch wird jedoch seit jeher eine Strategie der Domestizierung sowie der Territorialisierung von Inklusion betrieben – bei gleichzeitiger Forcierung neoliberaler Praktiken und Beibehaltung der meritokratischen Pfeiler von Schule. (DIPF/Orig.

Prognostic features for quality of life after radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder

Purpose: To analyse prognostic features on quality of life (QoL) following radical cystectomy and urinary diversion via orthotopic neobladder in a single-centre patient cohort. Materials and Methods: Postoperative QoL of 152 patients was assessed retrospectively using the validated QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Potential associations of patient's quality of life including pre-and intraoperative characteristics, surgeon experience, postoperative time course, adjuvant therapies, and functional outcome were defined a priori and evaluated. Mann-Whitney-U-, Kruskal-Wallis-, Spearman correlation and post hoc-testing were used. A multivariate analysis using a multiple logistic regression model was performed. A p value 100 previous cystectomies, p=0.007), and nerve-sparing surgery (p=0.001). Patients who underwent secondary chemotherapy or radiotherapy had significant lower QLQ-C30 scores (p=0.04, p=0.02 respectively). Patients who were asymptomatic had a significantly higher quality of life (p= 100 vs. <100 previous cystectomies, p=0.021), and daytime continence (p=0.032). Conclusion: In the present study, we report health-related QoL outcomes in a contemporary patient cohort and confirm preoperative ECOG status, surgeon experience and daytime incontinence as independent prognostic features for a good postoperative QoL

Prognostic features for quality of life after radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder

Purpose: To analyse prognostic features on quality of life (QoL) following radical cystectomy and urinary diversion via orthotopic neobladder in a single-centre patient cohort. Materials and Methods: Postoperative QoL of 152 patients was assessed retrospectively using the validated QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Potential associations of patient's quality of life including pre-and intraoperative characteristics, surgeon experience, postoperative time course, adjuvant therapies, and functional outcome were defined a priori and evaluated. Mann-Whitney-U-, Kruskal-Wallis-, Spearman correlation and post hoc-testing were used. A multivariate analysis using a multiple logistic regression model was performed. A p value 100 previous cystectomies, p=0.007), and nerve-sparing surgery (p=0.001). Patients who underwent secondary chemotherapy or radiotherapy had significant lower QLQ-C30 scores (p=0.04, p=0.02 respectively). Patients who were asymptomatic had a significantly higher quality of life (p= 100 vs. <100 previous cystectomies, p=0.021), and daytime continence (p=0.032). Conclusion: In the present study, we report health-related QoL outcomes in a contemporary patient cohort and confirm preoperative ECOG status, surgeon experience and daytime incontinence as independent prognostic features for a good postoperative QoL

Inclusive Spaces 2.0: Critical spatial thinking und (Medien-)Performanzen

Im Rahmen des partizipatorischen Forschungsprojekts 'Inclusive Spaces 2.0 – Meine Schule, mein Block' wurde durch die Verwendung digitaler Tools sowie einem kreativen Design versucht, eine derart gerahmte Form von 'critical spatial thinking' über ein gemeinsames Forschen zu den Räumen von Schulen und Nachbarschaften zu befördern. Wie im Artikel gezeigt wird, verweisen die im Rahmen des Projekts produzierten Medienperformanzen die Rückgriffe von jungen Personen auf eine solche Denkweise. So werden im empirischen Teil des Beitrags verschiedene Medienperformanzen der in das Projekt involvierten Jugendlichen exemplarisch angeführt, über welche die hierarchische Konstruktion von Räumen thematisiert wurden. Am Ende des Artikels wird das Potenzial von 'critical spatial thinking' sowie die Inklusivität des im Projekt verfolgten medientechnologischen Designs diskutiert

Retrospective evaluation of the impact of non-oncologic chronic drug therapy on the survival in patients with bladder cancer

Background Chronic drug therapy may impact recurrence and survival of patients with bladder cancer and thus be of concern regarding drug choice and treatment decisions. Currently, data are conflicting for some drug classes and missing for others. Objective To analyze the impact of common non-oncologic chronic drug intake on survival in patients with bladder cancer and radical cystectomy. Setting. Patients with bladder cancer and radical cystectomy (2004-2018) at the University Hospital Munich. Method Data from an established internal database with patients with bladder cancer and radical cystectomy were included in a retrospective study. Drug therapy at the time of radical cystectomy and survival data were assessed and follow-up performed 3~months after radical cystectomy and yearly until death or present. Impact on survival was analyzed for antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-gout, antithrombotic drugs and statins, using the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test and Cox-regression models. Main outcome measure Recurrence free survival, cancer specific survival and overall survival for users versus non-users of predefined drug classes. Results Medication and survival data were available in 972 patients. Median follow-up time was 22~months (IQR 7-61). In the univariate analysis, a significant negative impact among users on recurrence free survival (n = 93; p = 0.038), cancer specific survival (n = 116; p < 0.001) and overall survival (n = 116; p < 0.001) was found for calcium-channel blockers, whereas angiotensin-receptor-blockers negatively influenced overall survival (n = 96; p = 0.020), but not recurrence free survival (n = 73; p = 0.696) and cancer specific survival (n = 96; p = 0.406). No effect of angiotensin-receptor-blockers and calcium-channel blockers was seen in the multivariate analysis. None of the other studied drugs had an impact on survival. Conclusion There was no impact on bladder cancer recurrence and survival for any of the analyzed drugs. Considering our results and the controverse findings in the literature, there is currently no evidence to withhold indicated drugs or choose specific drug classes among the evaluated non-oncologic chronic drug therapies. Thus, prospective studies are required for further insight. Trail registration This is part of the trial DRKS00017080, registered 11.10.2019

The characterization of non-oncologic chronic drug therapy in bladder cancer patients and the impact on recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival: a prospective study

We aimed to characterize non-oncologic chronic drug therapy of bladder cancer (BC) patients and evaluate a possible impact on recurrence-free (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Patients with a first diagnosis (FD) of BC or radical cystectomy (RC) were included in a prospective, monocentric, observational study. Drugs and medical data was assessed at start and three-monthly for 24 months. Drugs were classified by anatomical-therapeutic-chemical code (ATC). Endpoints for outcome analysis were RFS and CSS in univariate (Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank test, Cox regression for Hazard Ratio (HR)) and multivariate (Cox regression models) analyses. Of 113 patients, 52 had FD and 78 RC. Median age was 74 and 72 years, 83% and 82% were male. Drugs of 114 ATC classes were taken by 48 (92%) FD patients (median number 4.5/IQR 2–7.5) and 73 (94%) of RC patients (median 5/IQR 2–9). In univariate analysis (log-rank test (p)/Cox regression (HR, 95% CI, p)), polypharmacy (p = 0.036/HR = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.02–7.90, p = 0.047), calcium channel blockers (p = 0.046/HR = 2.47, 95% CI = 0.97–6.27, p = 0.057) and proton pump inhibitors (p = 0.015/HR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.18–8.41, p = 0.022) had a significant negative impact on RFS in RC patients, statins (p = 0.025/HR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.02–1.06, p = 0.057) a positive effect on RFS in FD patients, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (p = 0.008/HR = 10.74, 95% CI = 1.20–96.17, p = 0.034) and magnesium (p = 0.042/HR = 5.28, 95% CI = 0.88–31.59, p = 0.067) a negative impact on CSS in FD patients. In multivariate analysis, the only significant drug effects were the negative impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (HR = 15.20, 95% CI = 1.30–177.67, p = 0.030) and magnesium (HR = 22.87, 95% CI = 1.57–333.81), p = 0.022) on CSS in FD patients, and the positive impact of statins (HR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.01–0.97, p = 0.047) on RFS in FD patients. Impact of non-oncologic drugs on RFS and CSS was small in this prospective study. Thus, appropriate treatment of comorbidities is encouraged