Developments in world agricultural markets

International Relations/Trade,

Hélène Delorme (sous la direction de), La politique agricole commune Anatomie d'une transformation

Buchholzer Florence. Hélène Delorme (sous la direction de), La politique agricole commune Anatomie d'une transformation . In: Économie rurale. N°283-284, 2004. pp. 98-100

Genome editing of an African eliterice variety confers resistance againstendemic and emerging Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae strains

International audienceBacterial leaf blight (BB) of rice, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo ), threatens global food security and the livelihood of small-scale rice producers. Analyses of Xoo collections from Asia, Africa and the Americas demonstrated complete continental segregation, despite robust global rice trade. Here, we report unprecedented BB outbreaks in Tanzania. The causative strains, unlike endemic African Xoo , carry Asian-type TAL effectors targeting the sucrose transporter SWEET11a and iTALes suppressing Xa1 . Phylogenomics clustered these strains with Xoo from Southern-China. African rice varieties do not carry effective resistance. To protect African rice production against this emerging threat, we developed a hybrid CRISPR-Cas9/Cpf1 system to edit all known TALe-binding elements in three SWEET promoters of the East African elite variety Komboka. The edited lines show broad-spectrum resistance against Asian and African strains of Xoo , including strains recently discovered in Tanzania. The strategy could help to protect global rice crops from BB pandemics

Modernising and simplifying the CAP – Workshops for Impact Assessment - 'Best practices addressing environmental and climate needs'

In the framework of the Impact Assessment for the Simplification and modernisation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) after 2020, a series of thematic workshops have been organized in order to gather evidence/knowledge from experts. The workshop on agricultural “Best practices addressing environmental and climate needs”, which took place in Brussels in March 23 & 24 2017, aims to identify which are the best practices available to address the main environmental challenges observed. These challenges relate to climate change (including greenhouse gas emissions and loss of soil organic matter), the unsustainable management of natural resources (soil, air, water, farm biodiversity) and loss of nature and landscapes. The Workshop presentations can be subdivided in three groups. First, for the identification of environmental needs, some tools available at EU level were presented (calculators, modelling tools, etc), and the experiences of three countries/regions: Austria, Emilia Romagna (Italy) and the Netherlands. Second, several practices, considered viable and proven successful in different case studies were presented: nutrient management plans, manure management techniques, beef genomics, soil organic carbon management, integrated pest management in combination with a mutual fund, measures to enhance farm biodiversity, agro-forestry, precision farming. Third, the potential contribution of new technologies and of behavioural advice to the implementation, simplification, control and uptake of the best practices was presented and discussed. The discussion included different aspects in relation with the best practices characteristics, the programmes design, including flexibility and compulsory versus voluntary nature, the ways to increase farmer’s participation, the need for data availability and for harmonization of evaluation methods and the potential of new technologies for farmers and Administrations.JRC.D.5-Food Securit