The Variable Polarization XUV Beamline P04 at PETRA III Optics, mechanics and their performance

The layout of the Variable Polarization XUV Beamline P04 at PETRAIII is described with emphasison selected examples of optics, mirrors and gratings. A precise characterization of the optics, their performance inside the holder and of the surrounding mechanics is presented. This also includes a detailed characterization of the different beamline mechanics as a whole gratingunit, exit slit unit, re focusing unit including the environmen

Bad banks: The case of Germany

This paper discusses the instrument of equalisation claims, which has successfully been used in two previous German debt crises as a method for stabilizing the balance sheets of financial institutions. A modern version of this method would swap temporarily illiquid assets for government bonds with open maturit , in order to avoid the problem of evaluating the toxic assets in advance. Not only will this method save taxpayers' money, but it also upholds the market principle of liability, thereby avoiding incentives for inefficient risk-prone behaviour in the financial sector. The current German bad bank approach principally follows this approach, but severely suffers from unnecessary complexity and voluntary participation. --Financial Crisis,Bad Banks,German History,equalisation claims

U-Boote, ihre Geräusche, ihre Sprache und ihre Musik : die Interaktion von auditiver Schicht und kulturgeschichtlichem Hintergrund in U-Boot-Filmen

Wer ein U-Boot kaufen will, kann sich auf der Internetseite der Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH (Kiel) über die aktuellen Angebote informieren. Über die neuen Boote der 214er-Klasse ist da unter anderem vermerkt: „The net result was and is an air-independent but non-nuclear submarine with exceptional technical and operational capabilities, featuring extraordinarily developed stealth characteristics and an impressive weapon and sensor payload.“ (Internetseite HDW 2007). Auch die Deutsche Marine gibt mit Stolz an, ihre U-Boote – acht Boote der Klasse 206 A und vier der Klasse 212A – seien „extrem schwer ortbar“, und die Signatursilhouette der neuen 212er-Boote sei „im Vergleich zu anderen konventionellen U-Booten nochmals minimiert worden.“ (Die Flotte 2006, 21 und 23). In einem Telefongespräch gab der ehemalige Inspekteur der Marine, Vize-Admiral a.D. Lutz Feldt, sogar an, die neu entwickelten 212er-Boote seien so leise, dass sie, wenn man sie zu orten versuche, als eine Art akustisches Schwarzes Loch vor dem allgemeinen Geräuschhintergrund des Meeres erschienen – und dadurch fatalerweise schon wieder geortet werden könnten (Lutz Feldt, Telefonat v. 16.3.2007). Mag diese Aussage auch ein bisschen überspitzt sein – es ist nicht zu leugnen, dass sich bei einem NATO-Manöver mehrere deutsche U-Boote geräuschlos an einen amerikanischen Flugzeugträger heranschleichen konnten und mit diesem Beweis mangelhafter Abschirmung größte Bestürzung beim NATO-Partner hervorriefen

MEA newsletter No. 07 (01/2004)

Zeitschrift , Demographie , Soziales Syste

Refractory Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children: Etiology, Associated Risk Factors and Outcome

How to Cite This Article: Barzegar M, Mahdavi M, Zalegolab behbehani A, Tabrizi A. Refractory Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children: Etiology, Associated Risk Factors and Outcome. Iran J Child Neurol. Autumn 2015;9(4): 24-31.AbstractObjectiveRefractory status epilepticus (RSE) is a life-threatening disease in children wherein the patient’s convulsive seizures do not respond to adequate initial anticonvulsants. RSE is associated with high rate of mortality and morbidity.This study was aimed to survey the risk factors leading status epilepticus (SE) to RSE in children, and their early outcome.Materials & MethodsPatients with SE hospitalized in Tabriz Children’s Hospital, Iran were studied during the years 2007 and 2008 with regard to their clinical profile, etiology, the treatment methods available to them and their outcome upon release from the hospital.ResultsAmong 132 patients with SE, 53 patients (40.15%) suffered from RSE. Acute symptomatic etiology was a risk factor responsible for developing RSE in the patient (P=0.004). Encephalitis was the most common etiology of acute symptomatic SE. There was no significant relationship observed between RSE and the patients’ age, gender, date of initial drug intake and type of seizure. The mortality rate was 8.3% and a new neurological deficit occurred in 25.7% of cases. None of RSE with encephalitis returned to the baseline status. Mortality and morbidity rates were significantly higher in children with RSE than in thosewith SE (P=0.006).ConclusionEtiology of SE significantly influenced prognosis of it with significant incidence of RSE in acute symptomatic group. Because acute neurological insult such as encephalitis and meningitis are common causes of RSE in children, properly management of them is necessary to avoid permanent brain damage

Homoeopathy

Homoeopathy is a system of treating patients using very low dose preparations according to the principle: "like should be cured with like". This paper summarises the research evidence presented in a recent issue of Effective Health Care on the effectiveness of homoeopathy. Increasing numbers of patients are seeking information on complementary medicines from NHS health professionals. Results of a 1998 survey of use and expenditure on complementary medicine in England suggested that 28% of respondents had either visited a complementary therapist or had purchased an over the counter herbal or homoeopathic remedy in the past year. From this survey it was estimated that there could be over 470 000 recent users of homoeopathic remedies in England

Regeneração de soja através de culturas embriogênicas em suspensão

In an attempt to establish an alternative plant regeneration system for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivars used in Brazilian breeding programs, ten genotypes were tested for their embryogenic potential. Cotyledons were removed as explants from immature seeds harvested from field-grown plants. After 45 days on induction medium, the number of responding cotyledons and the number of somatic embryos per immature cotyledon were evaluated. The percentage of explants that produced somatic embryos varied from 1 to 70% among cultivars. The average number of somatic embryos produced per cotyledon pair ranged from 0.01 to 10.3 with a mean of 3.4. Suspension cultures were initiated with three Agrobacterium tumefaciens susceptible cultivars. Suspensions were successfully developed from Bragg and IAS5 cultivars. The packed cell volume, in one-month growth, increased 8.1 fold for Bragg and 3.5 fold for IAS5 and the fresh weight increased 6.6 and 2.8 fold, respectively. The cultivars differed for the analysed parameters. All tissue from each cultivar was transferred to the maturation medium and subsequently to the germination medium. The germination frequency was 45.7 and 54.9% for Bragg and IAS5, respectively. Plants were gradually exposed to ambient humidity over one week and then planted in soil. All plants yielded seeds in the greenhouse.Com o objetivo de estabelecer um sistema alternativo de regeneração de plantas para cultivares de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] utilizadas em programas de melhoramento no Brasil, dez genótipos foram testados quanto ao seu potencial embriogênico. Os cotilédones utilizados como explantes foram excisados de sementes imaturas de plantas provindas do campo. Após 45 dias em meio de indução, o número de cotilédones embriogênicos e o número de embriões somáticos por cotilédone imaturo foram avaliados. A porcentagem de explantes que produziram embriões somáticos variou de 1 a 70% entre cultivares. O número médio de embriões somáticos produzidos por par de cotilédones variou de 0,01 a 10,3, com uma média de 3,4. Culturas em suspensão foram iniciadas a partir de três cultivares suscetíveis a Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Suspensões foram estabelecidas com sucesso para os cultivares Bragg e IAS5. Em um mês, o volume celular aumentou 8,1 vezes para Bragg e 3,5 vezes para IAS5 e o peso fresco aumentou 6,6 e 2,8 vezes, respectivamente. Todo o tecido de cada cultivar foi transferido para meio de maturação e, subseqüentemente, para meio de regeneração. A freqüência de germinação foi de 45,7 e 54,9% para Bragg e IAS5, respectivamente. Durante uma semana, as plantas foram expostas gradualmente à umidade do ambiente, sendo então plantadas em solo em casa de vegetação. Todas as plantas produziram sementes