Estimation of Genetic Parameter in New Plant Type Aromatic Rice Lines

Information on genetic variability and heritability of plant characters is important to support the rice selection program. A study was conducted to determine the genetic variability of characters and grain yields of 35 New Plant Type Rice Lines (NPTR) under two different environments, with varieties Ciherang and Sintanur as checks. The trials were conducted at two locations (Bogor and Pusakanagara, West Java) during dry season (DS) 2009 and wet season (WS) of 2009/2010. Each trial was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Twenty one day-old rice seedlings of each entry were planted in 2 m x 5 m plots at a 20 cm x 20 cm plant spacing, one seedling per hill. Results of the combined analysis showed that strains, environments, and its interaction was significantly affecting the whole characters of NPTR. High variabilities were observed on genetic, heritability, and genetic advance characters among the new rice type lines, particularly on the number of productive tillers, total number of grains per panicle, and total grain yield. These three characters were positively correlated with rice grain yield, and could be used as indicators for superior lines

Agronomics Characteristics and Its Correlation of New Plant Type Promising Rice Lines

In a plant breeding program, knowledge of the character and interrelationships among yield and yield contributing characters are necessary. This study was carried out to identify the plant character and its correlation between yield-correlated traits of 35 NPT rice promising lines with Ciherang and Sintanur as check varieties, planted in two locations, Bogor and Pusakanagara and two seasons (2009 dry and wet season, DS-WS). Those lines were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) arrangement, in three replications. The 21-days-old seedling planted one seed per hole, spacing 20 cm x 20 cm, with a plot size of 2 x 5 m2 per line. Plant characters varied and were significantly different from Ciherang and Sintanur as check varieties except for grain yield. B11742- RS*2-3-MR-34-1-2-1 was the line that had the lowest plant height, grain yield, and the shortest growth duration. Most of the lines had character as new plant type variety. Grain yield positively correlated with all characters, but only significantly and positively correlated with plant height at range from 91.4- 120.7 cm

Yield Stability and Adaptability of Aromatic New Plant Type (NPT) Rice Lines

Aromatic new plant type (NPT) rice lines were selected to obtain high yielding and aromatic lines. The objectives of the research were to study the yield stability and adaptability of 35 NPTrice lines across different environment, with Ciherang and Sintanur as check varieties. The lines planted at two locations, Bogor and Pusakanagara in two seasons (2009 dry and wet seasons, DS-WS). The experiment used randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. The 21-day-old seedlings were planted with spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm, with a plot size of 2 m x 5 m. Yield stability and adaptability were estimated by using coeffi cient regression (bi) and general mean of yield by Finlay-Wilkinson method. Combined analysis of variance showed that lines (G), environment (E), and the G x E interaction were signifi cantly different. Lines showed different stability and adaptability . Several lines yielded higher than Ciherang variety . Nine lines were classifi edasstable and widely adapted at the marginal environment, i.e IPB 116-F-3-1, IPB 117-F-4-1, IPB-117-F-14-2, IPB-117-F-15-2, IPB-117-F-17-5, IPB 140-F-1-1, 140-F-IPB, 2-1, IPB 140-F-3, and IPB 149-F-2. Lines IPB 113-F-2, IPB 140-F-4, IPB 140-F-6, IPB 140-F-7, and B11738-MR-Si-1-2-1-2 were not stable and adapted only in optimum environmental condition (bi > 1) while IPB 116-F-46-1, IPB-117-F 17-4, IPB-117-F 18-3 and B11955-MR-84-1-4 has the value of bi < 1 or adaptable to marginal environments

ESTIMATION OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE USING LANDSAT TM THERMAL INFRARED IN SELANGOR-NEGERI SEMBILAN

A full-scene of Landsat TM acquired on April 17, 1988 (path 127/row58) was used in this study. This scene covers the areas of Selangor and north part of Negeri Sembilan in Peninsular Malaysia. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the use of remote sensed information, especially thermal band 6 to gain land surface temperature (LST) using thermal band of Landsat images. The result will be compared with urban and non-urban surfaces by using normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and compare relationships between them. The initial result showed that the correlation between the LST and the NDVI over ten locations in the study area is quite significant. The derivation of LST map using remote sensing technique in this study is useful in providing information for analysing geophysical parameters over Selangor-Negeri Sembilan area, especially dealing with the urban heat island phenomenon

Interaksi Genotipe X Lingkungan Untuk Hasil Gabah Padi Sawah

Grain yield of rice is determined by genotype (G), environment (E), and interaction between genotype x environment (G x E). Variety can achieve its maximum yield potential if it is grown in suitable environments. This study was aimed to determine the adaptability and the yield stability of rice genotypes grown in different environments. Sixteen rice genotypes were tested using RBD in 16 sites during the wet season of 2010/2011, and dry season of 2011. The tested rice lines were developed for resistance to pest and diseases. The experiment unit was 4 m x 5 m of plot, plants were fertilized with urea, SP36, and KCl at rates of 250 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, and 100 kg/ha, respectively. Variable observed was grain yield per plot. Combined analyses of variance showed that there was no lines yielded higher than did check variety Conde. The AMMI analysis showed that the largest variation was contributed by the environment factors (76.49%), genotype x environment interactions (17.55%), and the smallest was contributed by the genotypes (5.97%). Data exploration using boxplot method indicated that the low contribution of the genotype x environment interaction variance in this study was due to the high degree of similarity of yield potentials among the genotypes, and due to high similarity of environmental conditions of the sites.Based on the analysis of AMMI 2, lines B12743 - MR-18-2-3-8, IPB107-F-82-2-1, and Conde was each classified as widely adapted genotypes, while G8, IPB107-F-27-6-1, and BIO111-2-BC-PIR-3714, each was considered as genotype having a specific adaptation

Patterns of metacognitive awareness among primary school teachers

The purpose of this study is to identify level and patterns of metacognitive awareness among teachers in primary schools. This study focuses on aspects of declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge, conditional knowledge, planning, monitoring and evaluation of teachers. The study was descriptive in nature. A sample of 100 primary school teachers in Puchong, Selangor answered the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory for Teacher by Cem Balcikanli (2011). The data analysis was carried out using IBM Statistics version 24 to obtain descriptive measures. The results show that levels of metacognitive awareness among teachers are high at ninety three percent (93%). The results also show that there are no significant differences by gender, age, teaching experience, academic qualification and subject of teaching among primary school teachers. The metacognitive framework shows that metacognition knowledge and regulatory expertise were used by individuals to control their cognition. Teachers who have a higher level of metacognitive awareness can produce students with good academic achievement

The challenge of rural life nostalgia: barriers in redevelopment of Malay Reserve Land (MRL) in Klang Valley

The development of Malay reserve land is a nationwide issue which can be overcome through better understanding of the existing barriers. While many barriers have been examined, the challenges relating to land owner expectations and preferences has not been thoroughly examined. Using Kg Sungai Penchala in the capital city Kuala Lumpur as a case, this research used a structured interview survey of 258 respondents representing both owners and tenants. Statistical analysis demonstrates that majority of the land owners (individuals) rejected the idea to further develop the land. The land owners preferred to maintain the village status quo and they were satisfied with the current development level in the village. Only a minority of respondents agreed that the land should be developed and instead perceived that re-development of this Malay Reserve Land of Kg Sungai Penchala would be able to raise their quality of life. The restriction is much preferred by the land owners who preferred the current style of village living. Thus, immediate re-development of the area is not warranted and the preference of the land owners represents a strong barrier

Employers' Provision of Lifelong Learning Programs for Their Workers

According to the Blueprint on Enculturation of (lifelong learning) LLL for Malaysia: 2011-2020, there is still an absence of a full-fledged lifelong learning policy for industries to provide for their workers. As a consequence, there is still lack of awareness and participation in LLL programs among the industries and the workers themselves, lack of monetary support on the part of the employers to assist their workers to attend LLL programs, and lack of government monitoring of LLL implementation among the industries and lack of collaboration between industries and higher learning institutions. A survey was conducted on 664 respondent of SME's employer. Findings showed majority of employers (80%) believed in the importance of LLL but did not believe it will change the attitude of their workers and the effectiveness of learning while working. When asked about whether they will impose certain conditions if their workers want to study while working, slightly more than 50% said no because the workers have to fund their own study and it is their personal responsibility to pursue LLL programs. On collaborating with the public higher learning institutions (PHLIs), most employers will use them mainly only for soft skills trainings. However, they tend to spend only 4% on soft skills trainings. Findings also found that employers' perception of the effect of LLL on their workers' good work attitude, increase general learning skills and work productivity was just moderate

Simulation of automotive exhaust muffler for tail pipe noise reduction

Automotive muffler is a component used to reduce the noise of high pressure exhaust gases that are produced from the internal combustion engine. The main objective of this study is to analyse the effect of the muffler parameter to the sound pressure level (SPL) at the tail pipe noise using GT-Power simulation software. The muffler runs with a Proton Iriz engine model at engine speed from 1000 RPM to 6000 RPM at full load condition. The parameter of each muffler model was compared to determine the most suitable model to reduce the noise at tail pipe with lower backpressure difference. The results obtained were compared with those from previous research as a mean of benchmarking. The muffler model should not produce a backpressure difference of more than 5% from the benchmark systems. It is found that the most suitable model in reducing the tail pipe noises is Model B, which manage to reduce the noise by 3.07% (average) of the sound pressure level with backpressure difference of 0.35% only by only reducing the perforates number and shorten the perforates length