16 research outputs found

    Physiological quality of the seeds of common bean cultivars grown in different phosphorus levels and growing seasons

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    A utilização de práticas de manejo adequadas, como época de semeadura e adubação, associados ao uso de genótipos promissores, são estratégias para a obtenção de sementes de feijão de elevada qualidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cultivares de feijão carioca produzidas em duas épocas de cultivo com diferentes doses de fósforo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 × 6, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados duas cultivares de feijão carioca (‘IAC Carioca Tybatã’ e ‘IAC Carioca Precoce’), duas épocas de cultivo de feijão (época das águas e da seca) e seis doses de fósforo (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, e 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5) aplicadas no sulco de semeadura, utilizando como fonte o superfosfato triplo. A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada pelos seguintes testes: teor de água, germinação e primeira contagem do teste de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado e teor de água após o teste, condutividade elétrica e emergência de plântulas em campo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias das cultivares e épocas de cultivo comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade e as doses de fósforo foram analisadas através de regressão polinomial. Sementes da cultivar ‘IAC Carioca precoce’ produzidas na época das águas apresentam maior germinação, e na época da seca, maior emergência de plântulas em campo em relação a cultivar ‘IAC Carioca Tybatã’. O cultivo de feijão carioca na época da seca proporciona sementes com maior germinação e vigor em relação à época das águas. O fósforo aplicado no sulco de semeadura favorece o vigor das sementes de feijão carioca, pelo teste de envelhecimento acelerado, com resposta a maiores doses no cultivo da seca.The use of appropriate management practices, such as sowing and fertilizing, associated with the use of promising genotypes are strategies for obtaining bean seeds of high quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of cultivars of common bean seeds produced in two growing seasons under different phosphorus levels. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design of 2 × 2 × 6, with four replications. We evaluated two common bean cultivars (‘IAC Carioca Precoce’ and ‘IAC Carioca Tybatã’), two planting seasons of common beans (rainy season and dry season), and six rates of phosphorus fertilization (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg ha-1 of P2O5) applied to the planting rows, using triple super phosphate as the source of P. Seed quality was evaluated by testing the water content, germination, first account of the germination test, accelerated aging test and the water content after the test, electrical conductivity, and seedling emergence in the field. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means of cultivars and growing seasons were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Regression analysis was performed for phosphorus levels. Seeds of ‘IAC Carioca Precoce’ produced during the rainy season showed higher germination. In the dry season, the highest seedling emergence in the field was recorded for ‘IAC Carioca Tybatã’. Common bean cultivation provided seeds with higher germination and vigor in the dry season than in the rainy season. The accelerated aging test showed that when phosphorus was applied in the planting rows, the vigor of common bean seed was enhanced, with a better response to higher doses when cultivated in the dry season

    Produção de cultivares de alface americana sob dois sistemas de cultivo

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    RESUMO A alface é cultivada em todas as regiões brasileiras, porém há restrições ao seu cultivo em virtude de sua sensibilidade às condições adversas de temperatura, umidade do ar e disponibilidade de água. Diante disto, objetivou-se, com este experimento, avaliar a produção de quatro cultivares de alface americana, sob dois sistemas de cultivo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram constituídas por dois sistemas de cultivo (túnel baixo de polietileno e campo aberto), e, as subparcelas por quatro cultivares de alface americana (Angelina, Rubette, Grandes Lagos 659 e Tainá), com quatro repetições. As características avaliadas foram: altura de plantas, diâmetro total da planta, diâmetro transversal da cabeça, comprimento de caule, diâmetro de caule, massa de matéria fresca de caule, número de folhas comerciais e não comerciais, massa de matéria fresca comercial e não comercial. Foi realizada análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. O túnel baixo favorece o crescimento e a produção de cultivares de alface americana, em relação ao campo aberto. O cultivar Rubette mostra crescimento e produção superiores aos demais cultivares avaliados, nos dois sistemas de cultivo

    Vigor de sementes e quantidades de palhada de soja na emergência de plântulas e desempenho produtivo do trigo

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    The use of high-quality seeds is essential to minimize the possible suppressive effect of straw on seedling emergence, contributing to stand establishment and high grain yield. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of seed vigor associated with soil cover with different amounts of soybean straw on seedling emergence and productive performance of wheat. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using two wheat cultivars (CD 150 and BRS Gralha Azul) under a completely randomized design in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme with four replications. Factors consisted of two seed vigor levels (high and low) and five amounts of soybean straw (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 t ha?1). The following assessments were performed: seedling emergence, dry mass of seedling shoot, number of tillers, plant height, yield components (number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, and mass of one thousand seeds), grain yield, and harvest index. The use of high vigor seeds favors the emergence and dry mass production of seedling shoot for both cultivars. The increased amount of soybean straw reduces seedling emergence in both cultivars. In the cultivars CD 150 and BRS Gralha Azul, the amounts of soybean straw of 2.45 and 5.40 t ha?1, respectively, result in a higher wheat grain yield.O uso de sementes de elevada qualidade é fundamental para minimizar o possível efeito supressor da palhada sobre a emergência de plântulas, contribuindo para o estabelecimento do estande e a obtenção de altos rendimentos de grãos. O objetivo foi avaliar a influência do vigor de sementes associado à cobertura do solo com diferentes quantidades de palhada de soja, sobre a emergência de plântulas e o desempenho produtivo da cultura do trigo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, utilizando duas cultivares de trigo (CD 150 e BRS Gralha Azul), sob o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x5, com quatro repetições. Os fatores foram constituídos por dois níveis de vigor de sementes (alto e baixo) e cinco quantidades de palhada de soja (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 t ha-1). As avaliações efetuadas foram: emergência de plântulas, massa seca da parte aérea de plântulas, número de perfilhos, altura de plantas, componentes do rendimento (número de espigas por planta, número de grãos por espiga e massa de mil sementes), produtividade de grãos e índice de colheita. A utilização de sementes de alto vigor favorece a emergência e a produção de massa seca da parte aérea das plântulas, para ambas cultivares. O aumento da quantidade de palhada de soja reduz a emergência de plântulas, nas duas cultivares. Nas cultivares CD 150 e BRS Gralha Azul, as quantidades de palhada de soja de 2,45 e 5,40 t ha-1, respectivamente, resultam em maior produtividade de grãos de trigo

    Physiologic quality of sweet maize seeds according to thickness and width

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    Sweet maize seeds present lower physiologic quality, when compared to regular maize seeds, due to the influence of several features, such as the seed size and shape. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the seed physiologic quality of two sweet maize cultivars (BR-401 and BR-402), separately classified according to thickness, by using slotted screen sieves (8/64" x 3/4, 9/64" x 3/4, 10/64" x 3/4, 11/64" x 3/4, 12/64" x 3/4 and 13/64" x 3/4), and width, with round screen sieves (17/64", 18/64", 19/64", 20/64", 21/64" and 22/64"). For each cultivar, sorted lots were compared with the unrated batch, following a completely randomized design, in a 2x7 factorial scheme, with four replications. The biometric parameters evaluated were sieve retention, 100 seeds weight and water content. The physiologic quality was determined according to the first counting, germination, cold test, accelerated aging, electric conductivity and seedling emergence in the field. The classification with sieves improved the physiologic quality of sweet maize seeds. Seeds with intermediate thickness, for both cultivars, generally presented greater vigor. Concerning width, larger seeds, for the BR-401 cultivar, and intermediate seeds, for the BR-402 cultivar, showed better physiologic quality

    Physiologic quality of sweet maize seeds according to thickness and width

    No full text
    Sweet maize seeds present lower physiologic quality, when compared to regular maize seeds, due to the influence of several features, such as the seed size and shape. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the seed physiologic quality of two sweet maize cultivars (BR-401 and BR-402), separately classified according to thickness, by using slotted screen sieves (8/64 x 3/4, 9/64 x 3/4, 10/64 x 3/4, 11/64 x 3/4, 12/64 x 3/4 and 13/64 x 3/4), and width, with round screen sieves (17/64, 18/64, 19/64, 20/64, 21/64 and 22/64). For each cultivar, sorted lots were compared with the unrated batch, following a completely randomized design, in a 2x7 factorial scheme, with four replications. The biometric parameters evaluated were sieve retention, 100 seeds weight and water content. The physiologic quality was determined according to the first counting, germination, cold test, accelerated aging, electric conductivity and seedling emergence in the field. The classification with sieves improved the physiologic quality of sweet maize seeds. Seeds with intermediate thickness, for both cultivars, generally presented greater vigor. Concerning width, larger seeds, for the BR-401 cultivar, and intermediate seeds, for the BR-402 cultivar, showed better physiologic quality.As sementes de milho doce apresentam qualidade fisiológica inferior à das sementes de milho comum, devido à influência de várias características, como o tamanho e a forma das sementes. Diante disto, este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de duas cultivares de milho doce (BR-401 e BR-402), classificadas, separadamente, quanto à espessura, por meio de peneiras de crivos oblongos (8/64 x 3/4, 9/64 x 3/4, 10/64 x 3/4, 11/64 x 3/4, 12/64 x 3/4 e 13/64 x 3/4), e quanto à largura, em peneiras de crivos redondos (17/64, 18/64, 19/64, 20/64, 21/64 e 22/64). Para cada cultivar, os lotes classificados foram comparados com o lote sem classificação, seguindo delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x7, com quatro repetições. Os parâmetros biométricos avaliados foram: retenção em peneira, massa de 100 sementes e teor de água. A qualidade fisiológica foi determinada por meio da primeira contagem, germinação, teste de frio, envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica e emergência de plântulas no campo. A classificação em peneiras melhorou a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de milho doce. As sementes com espessura intermediária, para ambas as cultivares, em geral, apresentaram maior vigor. Quanto à largura, sementes maiores, para a cultivar BR-401, e de largura intermediária, para a cultivar BR-402, apresentaram melhor qualidade fisiológica

    GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT IN RESPONSE TO SEED VIGOR AND SOWING DENSITIES

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    In wheat crops, it is often observed that the number of plants per area is lower than that of viable seeds used, which may be related to both environmental conditions and seed vigor. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of seed vigor level at different sowing densities on growth, development, and grain yield in wheat cultivars. The experiments were conducted in Londrina and Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, under a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replications. Two seed vigor levels (high and low), two sowing densities (200 and 400 viable seeds per m2), and three wheat cultivars (BRS Sabiá, BRS Gaivota, and BRS Gralha Azul) were assessed. In order to assess growth and development, plant samples were collected at the phenological stages of seedling growth, stem elongation, booting, and ear emergence. We assessed the emergence of seedlings, height and dry matter of plant shoot, and grain yield. The sowing density of 200 seeds per m2 led to a higher shoot dry matter production per plant at the stages booting and ear emergence. The cultivar BRS Sabiá presented the highest grain yield in Londrina, while BRS Sabiá and BRS Gralha Azul presented the highest grain yield in Ponta Grossa. High vigor seeds favor stand establishment, growth and development of plants at early phenological stages, and grain yield of wheat

    Análise estrutural de vagens e sementes de soja submetidas à deterioração por umidade em pré-colheita

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    The objective of this work was to analyze structurally the pods and seed coats of soybean (Glycine max) cultivars, as well as to determine the quality of seeds when subjected to deterioration by weathering in pre-harvest. A 7×3 factorial arrangement was used – seven cultivars and three volumes of simulated rainfall (0, 54, and 162 mm). Exposure to rainfall was simulated in the R8 phenological stage. Then, the plants were taken to a greenhouse, where they were kept until the time of collection of pods and seeds. After collection, the following evaluations were carried out: tetrazolium test, lignin content in pods and seed coats, and structural analysis of pods (exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp thickness) and seed coats (epidermis, hypodermis, and parenchymal-cell thickness). Pre-harvest rainfall of 54 and 162 mm reduces the quality of soybean seeds; however, the response to deterioration by weathering differs according to the cultivar. The tolerance to all simulated rainfall was greater for BRSMT Pintado, BRS Jiripoca, and M8210IPRO and lower for BRS 1010IPRO. Pods with a greater thickness of the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp and a high lignin content show greater resistance to weathering deterioration and seeds with greater vigor and viability. The thickness of the hypodermis of the testa is related to resistance to weathering deterioration and to the obtainment of high-quality seeds.O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar estruturalmente as vagens e os tegumentos de cultivares de soja (Glycine max), bem com determinar a qualidade das sementes quando submetidas à deterioração por umidade em pré-colheita. Utilizou-se arranjo fatorial 7×3 – sete cultivares e três volumes de precipitações pluviais simuladas (0, 54 e 162 mm). A exposição à chuva foi simulada no estádio fenológico R8. Em seguida, as plantas foram levadas à casa de vegetação, onde foram mantidas até a coleta das vagens e das sementes. Após a coleta, realizaram-se as seguintes avaliações: teste de tetrazólio, teor de lignina nas vagens e nos tegumentos, e análise estrutural de vagens (espessura do exocarpo, do mesocarpo e do endocarpo) e tegumentos (espessura da epiderme, da hipoderme e das células parenquimatosas). Precipitações de 54 e 162 mm em pré-colheita reduzem a qualidade das sementes de soja; entretanto, a resposta à deterioração por umidade difere de acordo com a cultivar. A tolerância a todas as precipitações pluviais simuladas foi maior para BRSMT Pintado, BRS Jiripoca e M8210IPRO e menor para BRS 1010IPRO. Vagens com maior espessura do exocarpo, do mesocarpo e do endocarpo e elevados teores de lignina apresentam maior tolerância à deterioração por umidade e sementes com maior vigor e viabilidade. A espessura da hipoderme da testa de tegumentos está relacionada à tolerância à deterioração por umidade e à obtenção de sementes de elevada qualidade

    Water uptake of soybean pods and seeds with different lignin contents

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    ABSTRACT The identification of pod- and seed-related traits of soybean genotypes and their interaction with water uptake can be applied in breeding programs with a view to establishing cultivars developed for the production and maintenance of high-quality seeds. The objective was to evaluate the water uptake of pods and seeds of soybean cultivars with different lignin contents after different soaking periods. The experimental was arranged in a completely randomized, 7×10 factorial design, with four replications. The factors consisted of seven soybean cultivars and 10 soaking periods (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 24, 48 hours). The pods and seeds were grown in a greenhouse and harvested at the phenological growth stage R8 (at full maturation, when 95% of the pods had mature color). The following traits were evaluated: lignin content in pod and seed coat, moisture content, and rate of water uptake of pods and seeds. Soybean cultivars with pods with high lignin contents have a lower rate of water uptake. The lignin contents of the seed coats, within the chosen limits, did not affect the seed water uptake
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