California's Most Vulnerable Parents: When Maltreated Children Have Children

This report takes an in-depth look at the intersection between teen births, child maltreatment, and involvement with the child protection system. Putnam-Hornstein, along with other researchers at USC and the University of California, Berkeley, linked and then analyzed roughly 1.5 million California birth records and 1 million CPS records, with a second phase of research focusing on the maltreatment risk of children born to adolescent mothers.In 2012, California became one of the first states in the nation to extend foster youth status until age 21. Different programs and services will likely be required to adequately respond to the needs and circumstances of non-minor youth who remain in the foster care system, particularly in the area of parenting supports. This report finds that as many as one in three female youth in California may be parenting by the time they exit the foster care system on their 21st birthday

Ole A. Bryn Reminiscences

Typed reminiscence concerning his early years in Berwick and the business people and buildings of Berwick

Trolling the trolls: Online Forum Users Constructions of the Nature and Properties of Trolling

‘Trolling’ refers to a specific type of malicious online behaviour, intended to disrupt interactions, aggravate interactional partners and lure them into fruitless argumentation. However, as with other categories, both ‘troll’ and ‘trolling’ may have multiple, inconsistent and incompatible meanings, depending upon the context in which the term is used and the aims of the person using the term. Drawing data from 14 online fora and newspaper comment threads, this paper explores how online users mobilise and make use of the term ‘troll’. Data was analysed from a discursive psychological perspective. Four repertoires describing trolls were identified in posters' online messages: 1) that trolls are easily identifiable; 2) nostalgia; 3) vigilantism; 4) that trolls are nasty. A final theme follows these repertoires – that of identifying trolls. Analysis also revealed that despite repertoire 01, identifying trolls is not a simple and straight-forward task. Similarly to any other rhetorical category, there are tensions inherent in posters' accounts of nature and acceptability of trolling. Neither the category ‘troll’ nor the action of ‘trolling’ has a single, fixed meaning. Either action may be presented as desirable or undesirable, depending upon the aims of the poster at the time of posting

Shape-preserving and unidirectional frequency conversion using four-wave mixing Bragg scattering

In this work, we investigate the properties of four-wave mixing Bragg scattering in a configuration that employs orthogonally polarized pumps in a birefringent waveguide. This configuration enables a large signal conversion bandwidth, and allows strongly unidirectional frequency conversion as undesired Bragg-scattering processes are suppressed by waveguide birefringence. Moreover, we show that this form of four-wave mixing Bragg scattering preserves the (arbitrary) signal pulse shape, even when driven by pulsed pumps.Comment: 11 pages + refs, 5 figure

Multi-photon interference in the spectral domain by direct heralding of superposition states

Multi-photon interference is central to photonic quantum information processing and quantum simulation, usually requiring multiple sources of non-classical light followed by a unitary transformation on their modes. Here, we observe interference in the four-photon events generated by a single silicon waveguide, where the different modes are six frequency channels. Rather than requiring a unitary transformation, the frequency correlations of the source are configured such that photons are generated in superposition states across multiple channels, and interference effects can be seen without further manipulation. This suggests joint spectral engineering is a tool for controlling complex quantum photonic states without the difficulty of implementing a large unitary interferometer, which could have practical benefits in various applications of multi-photon interference.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

A Study of Indigenous Boys and Men

The authors highlight community programs that promote the education and well-being of Native men and boys. The findings and recommendations capture the breadth and depth of educational experiences among Indigenous men and boys. In addition, the authors identify guiding principles that might not otherwise be included in archival data or as educational tactics, such as cultural practices (i.e., spirituality) in intervention(s), personal, and emotional influences, and other individualized details regarding educational access, persistence, and attainment

Anticipatory governance and moral imagination : methodological insights from a scenario-based public deliberation study

The fields of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) and participatory foresight seek to establish, and toinclude publics within, anticipatory governance mechanisms. While scenario-based methods can bring to thepublics’ attention the ethical challenges associated to existing technologies, there has been little empirical re-search examining how, in practice, prospective public deliberative processes should be organized to informanticipatory governance. The goal of this article is to generate methodological insights into the way suchmethods can stimulate the public's moral imagination regarding what may (or may not) happen in the future andwhat should (or should not) happen in the future. Our qualitative analyses draw on a public deliberation studythat included videos and online scenarios to support participants’ (n= 57) deliberations about fictional inter-ventions for genetically at-risk individuals. Our findings clarify how participants: (1) challenged key elements ofour scenarios; (2) extended several of their technical and moral prospects; (3) engaged personally with others,including our scenarios’ characters; and (4) mobilized the past creatively to reason about the future. Ourmethodology enabled participants to creatively and empathetically envision complex sociotechnical futures. Yet,important methodological limits should be acknowledged by those who design, implement and use public en-gagement methods to inform anticipatory governance