Polarization(s) in Labour Markets

Over the last two decades, researchers have paid a lot of attention to polarization in labour markets, that is to say the rise of high- and low-wage jobs relative to middle-wage jobs. The international conference on “Polarization(s) in Labour Markets”, organised by the Directorate for Research, Studies and Statistics (DARES, French Ministry of Labour) and the International Labour Organization (ILO), took place in Paris on June 19, 2018. The conference attempted to provide answers to a new set..

Predicting drowning from sea and weather forecasts: development and validation of a model on surf beaches of southwestern France

OBJECTIVE: To predict the coast-wide risk of drowning along the surf beaches of Gironde, southwestern France. METHODS: Data on rescues and drownings were collected from the Medical Emergency Center of Gironde (SAMU 33). Seasonality, holidays, weekends, weather and metocean conditions were considered potentially predictive. Logistic regression models were fitted with data from 2011 to 2013 and used to predict 2015-2017 events employing weather and ocean forecasts. RESULTS: Air temperature, wave parameters, seasonality and holidays were associated with drownings. Prospective validation was performed on 617 days, covering 232 events (rescues and drownings) reported on 104 different days. The area under the curve (AUC) of the daily risk prediction model (combined with 3-day forecasts) was 0.82 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.86). The AUC of the 3-hour step model was 0.85 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.88). CONCLUSIONS: Drowning events along the Gironde surf coast can be anticipated up to 3 days in advance. Preventative messages and rescue preparations could be increased as the forecast risk increased, especially during the off-peak season, when the number of available rescuers is low

Passer en revue quarante ans de Travail et Emploi

Dans quelle mesure l’évolution des articles publiés depuis 1979 dans Travail et Emploi dessine-t-elle une histoire cohérente ? Pour essayer de répondre à cette question, nous proposons une analyse des articles parus dans la revue au cours de ces quatre décennies à partir de leurs titres et mots-clés. Pour rendre compte et éclairer cette histoire, trois types d’arguments sont mobilisés. Travail et Emploi étant initialement une revue de nature administrative, publiée par le ministère du Travail, l’évolution de ses articles est en partie liée aux soubresauts de l’actualité législative, des politiques publiques et de la production statistique. Elle peut par ailleurs pour partie tenir aux transformations du regard porté par les sciences sociales sur le travail et l’emploi à partir du moment où Travail et Emploi devient une revue résolument académique. Enfin, ces évolutions rendent également, et assez naturellement, compte des transformations réelles et profondes du travail et de l’emploi sur le terrain, dans la vie des travailleurs et des entreprises

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

International audienceThe two primary causes of surf zone injuries (SZIs) worldwide, including fatal drowning and severe spinal injuries, are rip currents (rips) and shore-break waves. SZIs also result from surfing and bodyboarding activity. In this paper we address the primary environmental controls on SZIs along the high-energy meso-macro-tidal surf beach coast of southwestern France. A total of 2523 SZIs recorded by lifeguards over 186 sample days during the summers of 2007, 2009 and 2015 were combined with measured and/or hindcast weather, wave, tide, and beach morphology data. All SZIs occurred disproportionately on warm sunny days with low wind, likely because of increased beachgoer numbers and hazard exposure. Relationships were strongest for shore-break- and rip-related SZIs and weakest for surfingrelated SZIs, the latter being also unaffected by tidal stage or range. Therefore, the analysis focused on bathers. More shore-break-related SZIs occur during shore-normal incident waves with average to below-average wave height (significant wave height, Hs = 0.75-1.5 m) and around higher water levels and large tide ranges when waves break on the steepest section of the beach. In contrast, more rip-related drownings occur near neap low tide, coinciding with maximised channel rip flow activity, under shore-normal incident waves with Hs > 1.25 m and mean wave periods longer than 5 s. Addi- tional drowning incidents occurred at spring high tide, presumably due to small-scale swash rips. The composite wave and tide parameters proposed by Scott et al. (2014) are key controlling factors determining SZI occurrence, although the risk ranges are not necessarily transferable to all sites. Summer beach and surf zone morphology is interannually highly variable, which is critical to SZI patterns. The upper beach slope can vary from 0.06 to 0.18 between summers, resulting in low and high shore-break-related SZIs, respectively. Summers with coast-wide highly (weakly) developed rip channels also result in widespread (scarce) rip-related drowning incidents. With life risk defined in terms of the number of people exposed to life threatening hazards at a beach, the ability of morphodynamic models to simulate primary beach morphology characteristics a few weeks or months in advance is therefore of paramount importance for predicting the primary surf zone life risks along this coast

Chronologie et spatialisation de retombées de cendres volcaniques tardiglaciaires dans les massifs des Vosges et du Jura, et le plateau suisse

L’établissement d’une chronologie précise des différents événements climatiques du Tardiglaciaire et de l’Holocène nécessite l’emploi de différents moyens de datation. Parmi ceux-ci, la téphrochronologie apparaît comme un outil permettant à la fois une datation précise et une synchronisation à l’échelle inter-régionale de ces événements. Dans le cadre de l’étude de l’enregistrement des variations du climat ayant régné en Europe de l’Ouest durant les 20 000 dernières années, des niveaux de téphras et de « cryptotéphras » ont été détectés dans des remplissages de lacs situés dans les massifs du Jura, des Vosges et sur le Plateau suisse. Certains de ces niveaux étant invisibles à l’œil nu, leur détection a été rendue possible grâce à l’emploi de la mesure de la susceptibilité magnétique à un pas de 5 mm. Nos observations permettent de compléter l’extension géographique de la bordure ouest du nuage de dispersion méridional du Laacher See Tephra (env. 12900 ans, Eifel, Allemagne) déjà observé dans d’autres remplissages lacustres du Jura et de l’Europe de l’Ouest et du Nord. Dans les sites étudiés, les échardes de verre volcanique présentent des compositions chimiques comparables à celles des phases les plus jeunes du Laacher See Tephra. D’autres niveaux de téphras, non répertoriés jusqu’à présent dans cette région, ont été détectés et caractérisés. Deux niveaux, très discrets et uniquement présents dans les sites du massif du Jura et du Plateau suisse, sont caractérisés par des âges et compositions chimiques de phénocristaux compatibles avec les produits émis par le Puy de la Nugère (Chaîne des Puys, France) pendant l’Allerød (autour de 13300 ans). Les sites du massif des Vosges, quant à eux, sont caractérisés par l’occurence d’un téphra rhyolitique, le Vedde Ash (env. 12000 ans), déposé durant le Dryas récent. Actuellement, il s’agit là de l’occurence la plus méridio‑occidentale de ce téphra. Nos résultats complètent la téphrochronologie tardiglaciaire de l’Est de la France et offrent donc un « pont » chronologique supplémentaire entre les séquences sédimentaires nord- et centreeuropéennes et celles situées plus à l’ouest. Ils soulignent l’importance du Laacher See Tephra et du Vedde Ash pour les études paléoenvironnementales dans cette partie de l’Europe puisque ces deux téphras encadrent la limite Allerød - Dryas récent et permettent, pour cet intervalle de temps, de pallier l’absence de données radiochronologiques.Establishment of a precise chronicle of the lateglacial and holocene climatic variations requires the use of various dating methods. Among them, tephrochronology allows high-resolution dating and synchronization of these events at a regional scale and sometimes at a continental scale. Study of the record of the climatic variations occuring in western Europe since twenty thousands years leads to the discovery of tephras levels and “cryptotephras” in sediments cored in lakes from the Jura and Vosges mountains, and the Swiss plateau. Some of these levels are invisible to the naked eye. Their detection was obtained using magnetic susceptibility measurement with a 5 mm step along the cores. Our observations allow to complete the western boundary of the southern distribution of the Laacher See Tephra (ca. 12,900 yr, Eifel, Germany). This tephra has been already described in others lacustrine sequences from the Jura and the western and northern Europe. In the sites we have studied, the volcanic glass shards show geochemical compositions comparable to those of the youngest phases of the Laacher See Tephra eruption. Other tephra levels, never described in this region until then, have been detected and characterized. Two very discrete tephra levels, only observed in sites from the Jura and the Swiss plateau, present ages, mineral assemblages and chemical compositions close to those of tephras that were emitted by the Puy de la Nugère (Chaîne des Puys, France) during the Alleröd (about 13,300 yr). Sites from the Vosges mountains are characterized by the occurrence of the rhyolitic Vedde Ash (ca. 12,000 yr, from the icelandic Katla volcano), deposited during the Younger Dryas. Presently, this is the most southwestern occurrence of the Vedde Ash. Our data make up the Eastern France Lateglacial tephrochrology and offer an additional chronological bridge between sedimentary sequences from northern and central Europe and those situated more westerly. They show the importance of the Laacher See Tephra and the Vedde Ash for palaeoenvironmental studies in western Europe since they are flanking the AllerödYounger Dryas transition and allow to compensate the lack of radiochronological data

Supramolecular assembly of gelatin and inorganic polyanions: Fine-tuning the mechanical properties of nanocomposites by varying their composition and microstructure

A series of bionanocomposites has been synthesized through a complex coacervation process inducing the assembly of gelatin with a wide range of inorganic polyanions (IPyAs) differing by their diameter and charge and including polyoxometalates (POMs) and a polythiomolybdate cluster. The microstructure and stoichiometry of these hybrid coacervates, which are strongly dependent on the charge matching between both components, have been studied by combining Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental mapping. The mechanical properties of these materials were deeply characterized by tensile measurements at large deformation, revealing different behaviors (i.e., elastomer and ductile), depending on the nature of the IPyA. It is noteworthy that the mechanical properties of these bionanocomposites are strongly enhanced, compared to pure gelatin hydrogels. When attempting to connect structure and properties in these bionanocomposites, we have demonstrated that the density of cross-links (gelatin triple helices and IPyA) is the key parameter to control the extensibility of these materials

EuReCa ONE—27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events

Introduction. Polarization(s) in labour markets

Dans quelle mesure l’évolution des articles publiés depuis 1979 dans Travail et Emploi dessine-t-elle une histoire cohérente ? Pour essayer de répondre à cette question, nous proposons une analyse des articles parus dans la revue au cours de ces quatre décennies à partir de leurs titres et mots-clés. Pour rendre compte et éclairer cette histoire, trois types d’arguments sont mobilisés. Travail et Emploi étant initialement une revue de nature administrative, publiée par le ministère du Travail, l’évolution de ses articles est en partie liée aux soubresauts de l’actualité législative, des politiques publiques et de la production statistique. Elle peut par ailleurs pour partie tenir aux transformations du regard porté par les sciences sociales sur le travail et l’emploi à partir du moment où Travail et Emploi devient une revue résolument académique. Enfin, ces évolutions rendent également, et assez naturellement, compte des transformations réelles et profondes du travail et de l’emploi sur le terrain, dans la vie des travailleurs et des entreprises

Polarization(s) in labour markets (dossier thématique)

This issue highlights recent research in economics on the subject of job polarization. First, it places the polarization phenomenon in the set of changes that labour markets have undergone since the 1950s. It then discusses the firms’ transformations and workers’ professional transitions in connection with the development of new technologies and international trade. This issue aims to take stock of the remaining issues that call for future developments in research on polarization