Adaptações do sistema respiratório referentes à função pulmonar em resposta a um programa de alongamento muscular pelo método de Reeducação Postural Global

A proposta deste estudo foi analisar as adaptações do sistema respiratório referentes à função pulmonar em resposta ao alongamento da cadeia muscular respiratória pelo método de Reeducação Postural Global (RPG). Foram estudados 20 homens, sedentários, de antropometria semelhante, sem antecedentes de doenças musculoesqueléticas ou cardiorrespiratórias. Os voluntários foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de dez, sendo um grupo controle (GC), que não participou do protocolo de alongamento, e o outro submetido à intervenção pelo método de RPG, denominado grupo tratado (GT). O alongamento foi realizado duas vezes por semana, durante oito semanas, totalizando 16 sessões. Os dois grupos foram submetidos à prova de função pulmonar, medindo-se a capacidade vital lenta, capacidade vital forçada e ventilação voluntária máxima, antes e após o período de intervenção. Os valores obtidos em todas as variáveis dos voluntários do GC na avaliação inicial não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante quando comparados aos obtidos na avaliação final (p>;0,05). No GT os valores finais apresentaram-se significativamente maiores que os iniciais (pThe aim of this study was to analyse the respiratory system adaptations concerning pulmonary function in response to stretching the respiratory muscle chain, by means of Global Posture Reeducation (GPR). Twenty sedentary young men with similar anthropometry and no history of musculoskeletal or cardiorespiratory disease were randomly divided into two groups of ten each: control group (CG), who did no stretching, and treated group (TG), submitted to GPR. Stretching was carried out twice a week for 8 weeks, in a total of 16 sessions. The two groups were submitted to pulmonary function tests to assess slow vital capacity, forced vital capacity and maximal voluntary ventilation, before and after the intervention period. The initial values of all spirometric variables measured in CG volunteers showed no statistically significant differences when compared to those of the final evaluation (p>;0.05), whereas in TG all values increased after intervention (

Comparative analysis of flexibility in active and inactive elderly women

Com o envelhecimento ocorre um declínio na aptidão física, uma variável muito atingida é a flexibilidade, e a prática de exercícios físicos pelos idosos é um importante fator para a manutenção da saúde e aptidão física no decorrer do processo de envelhecimento. Objetivo: Comparar a flexibilidade de mulheres idosas praticantes hidroginástica, treinamento combinado e não ativas. Participaram 60 voluntárias, idade entre 60 e 80 anos, agrupadas em: ativas praticantes de hidroginástica (G1) 20 voluntárias; ativas praticantes de treinamento combinado (G2) 20 voluntárias; não ativas (G3) 20 voluntárias. Métodos: As voluntárias foram submetidas à avaliação antropométrica com medidas de massa corporal, estatura e circunferência da cintura e da flexibilidade com medidas da distância alcançada no teste de sentar e alcançar e da amplitude da flexão e extensão do quadril através do goniômetro. Foram verificados os pressupostos de normalidade por meio do teste de Shapiro-Wilk, para a comparação entre os grupos (G1, G2, G3) foram realizados o teste Anova one way, seguido do post hoc de Tukey para os dados com distribuição paramétrica, e o teste de Friedman para amostras com distribuição não paramétrica. Aplicou-se o nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados: Nas variáveis antropométricas não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre grupos. Na flexibilidade, foi encontrada diferença significativa na flexão e na extensão de quadril, os grupos G1 e G2 apresentaram maiores valores que o G3, não houve diferença significativa entre G1 e G2, não existindo outras diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que os treinamentos de hidroginástica e combinado proporcionaram melhora na flexão e extensão do quadril das mulheres idosas, sem influência nas outras variáveis estudadas.With aging there comes a decline in physical fitness, including decreasing flexibility, and the practice of physical activity by older adults is an important factor for maintaining health and physical fitness during the aging process. Objective: To compare the flexibility of elderly women who practice either hydrogymnastics or combination exercise training with those who are not active. Sixty females participated in the study, aged between 60 and 80 years and divided into three groups: 20 subjects who actively practiced hydrogymnastics (G1), 20 subjects who actively practiced combination exercise training (G2), and 20 subjects who were not-active (G3). Methods: The subjects underwent anthropometric measurements consisting of weight, height, waist circumference, and flexibility. Measurements were taken with distance reached in the sit and reach test and the extent of flexion and hip extension by means of a goniometer. The assumptions of normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test for comparison between groups (G1, G2, G3) were checked, the one way ANOVA test, followed by the Tukey post hoc for the data with parametric distribution, and the Friedman test for samples with non-parametric distribution were performed. A significance level of p < 0.05 was assumed. Results: The anthropometric variables revealed no significant differences between groups. In the analysis of flexibility, significant differences were found in hip flexion and extension; the G1 and G2 groups showed greater values than the G3, and there were no significant differences between G1 and G2 nor between groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that hydrogymnastics and combination exercise training provided improvements in flexion and hip extension in elderly women, with no influence on the other variables studied

Efeito de um programa de alongamento muscular pelo método de Reeducação Postural Global sobre a força muscular respiratória e a mobilidade toracoabdominal de homens jovens sedentários Effect of a muscle stretching program using the Global Postural Reeducation method on respiratory muscle strength and thoracoabdominal mobility of sedentary young males

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do alongamento da cadeia muscular respiratória, pelo método de Reeducação Postural Global (RPG), sobre a força muscular respiratória e a mobilidade toracoabdominal de homens jovens sedentários. MÉTODOS: Estudo randomizado, realizado com 20 voluntários sedentários, idade 22,65 ± 2,5 anos, divididos em dois grupos de 10: grupo controle, que não participou do alongamento, e grupo submetido à intervenção pelo método de RPG. O protocolo foi constituído por um programa de alongamento da cadeia muscular respiratória na postura 'rã no chão com os braços abertos' realizado com a regularidade de duas vezes por semana, durante 8 semanas, totalizando 16 sessões. Os dois grupos foram submetidos à avaliação da medida da pressão inspiratória máxima, pressão expiratória máxima e cirtometria toracoabdominal, antes e após o período de intervenção. RESULTADOS: Os valores das pressões respiratórias máximas e da cirtometria do grupo controle antes e após o período de intervenção não apresentaram alterações significativas (p > 0,05). No grupo RPG, os valores de todas as variáveis apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas após o protocolo de intervenção (p OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect that respiratory muscle stretching using the global postural reeducation (GPR) method has on respiratory muscle strength, thoracic expansion and abdominal mobility in sedentary young males. METHODS: This was a randomized study involving 20 sedentary volunteers, aged 22.7 ± 2.5 years, divided into two groups of 10: a control group, composed of subjects not performing any exercises, and a group of subjects submitted to the GPR method. The protocol consisted of a program to stretch the respiratory muscles with participants in the 'open-arm, open hip joint angle' position, which was regularly performed twice a week for 8 weeks, totaling 16 sessions. The two groups were submitted to measurements of maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, thoracic expansion and abdominal mobility, prior to and after the intervention period. RESULTS: The initial and final values for maximal respiratory pressures, thoracic expansion and abdominal mobility for the control group showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). However, for the GPR group, all values increased after the intervention (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory muscle stretching using the GPR method was efficient in promoting an increase in maximal respiratory pressures, thoracic expansion and abdominal mobility, suggesting that it could be used as a physiotherapy resource to develop respiratory muscle strength, thoracic expansion and abdominal mobility

Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI) : a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial

Background: Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor. Methods: The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria: a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population). Findings: Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3·3 years (IQR 2·8–3·8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7·3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8·6%] of 5596; HR 0·85 [95% CI 0·74–0·97], p=0·013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0·76, p interaction=0·16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3·1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3·3%) with placebo; HR 0·96 [95% CI 0·78–1·18], p=0·68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5·1%] vs 323 [5·8%]; 0·88 [0·75–1·03], p=0·11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2·0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1·1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2·03 [95% CI 1·48–2·76], p<0·0001), and fatal bleeding in 6 (0·1%) of 5536 patients with ticagrelor and 6 (0·1%) of 5564 with placebo (1·13 [0·36–3·50], p=0·83). Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (0·6%) and 31 (0·6%) patients (1·21 [0·74–1·97], p=0·45). Ticagrelor improved net clinical benefit: 519/5558 (9·3%) versus 617/5596 (11·0%), HR=0·85, 95% CI 0·75–0·95, p=0·005, in contrast to patients without PCI where it did not, p interaction=0·012. Benefit was present irrespective of time from most recent PCI. Interpretation: In patients with diabetes, stable coronary artery disease, and previous PCI, ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, although with increased major bleeding. In that large, easily identified population, ticagrelor provided a favourable net clinical benefit (more than in patients without history of PCI). This effect shows that long-term therapy with ticagrelor in addition to aspirin should be considered in patients with diabetes and a history of PCI who have tolerated antiplatelet therapy, have high ischaemic risk, and low bleeding risk