IFRS, sincronicidade e crise financeira: a dinâmica da informação contábil para o mercado de capitais brasileiro

This study aims is to investigate the synchronicity levels of shares traded on the spot market of the São Paulo Stock, Commodities , and Futures Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA) in relation to the accounting convergence process towards International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Brazil. The term synchronicity refers to the amount that company-specific information and market information are reflected in stock prices. The more share prices reflect company-specific information rather than market information, the greater the informational content of these prices will be in terms of representing the economic value of a particular company. For this investigation, information on companies and shares from 2005 to 2015 was collected, excluding the financial sector. The data were analyzed using cross-sectional and panel regressions. The results indicate a reduction in the synchronicity levels of stocks in the period of full adoption of IFRS in Brazil from 2010 onwards. From 2008 to 2009, which includes the partial adoption of IFRS in Brazil, statistically significant results were not found for the synchronicity levels of shares. However, for times of financial crisis, evidence was found of a reduction in the relevance of accounting information even with the adoption of international accounting standards. The results obtained for the Brazilian context do not support the idea that the adoption of IFRS necessarily causes an increase in the informational content of financial statements and that relevant information is consequently reflected in stock prices.O objetivo deste estudo é investigar os níveis de sincronicidade das ações negociadas no mercado à vista da Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros de São Paulo (BM&FBOVESPA) no que se refere ao processo de convergência para as normas contábeis do International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) no Brasil. O termo sincronicidade diz respeito à magnitude em que informações específicas da empresa e de mercado estão refletidas nos preços das ações. Quanto mais os preços das ações refletirem as informações específicas das empresas, em detrimento das informações de mercado, maior tende a ser o conteúdo informacional desses preços em representar o valor econômico de uma determinada empresa. Para essa investigação, coletaram-se informações de empresas e ações, excetuando-se as informações do setor financeiro, no período de 2005 a 2015. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressões em corte transversal e em painel. Os resultados apontaram redução nos níveis de sincronicidade das ações no período que compreende a adoção integral das normas contábeis do IFRS no Brasil, a partir de 2010. Para o período de 2008 a 2009, que compreende a adoção parcial do IFRS, não foram encontrados resultados estatisticamente significativos para os níveis de sincronicidade das ações. Contudo, em períodos de crise financeira, houve indícios de redução da relevância da informação contábil, mesmo ela advindo de padrões internacionais de contabilidade. Os resultados obtidos para o cenário brasileiro não corroboram a ideia de que a adoção das IFRS provoca, necessariamente, aumento do conteúdo informacional das demonstrações contábeis e, por conseguinte, reflexo de informações relevantes nos preços das ações

Expansion and Evolution of Incubation Programs and Entrepreneurship Development In Incubators In The State of Goiás, Brazil

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the current ecosystem of innovative entrepreneurship in the state of Goiás, Brazil, and provide an overview of its incubators, identifying connections and interactions between these mechanisms and the different agents involved in the perspective of the Triple Helix, to verify the support of business incubators as an element that promotes entrepreneurship in the regional entrepreneurship development process. The used methodology was based on empirical research, with a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory nature, with the description of the panorama of business incubators in Goiás through a cross-sectional study of ten incubators associated with the Innovation Network of Goiás (Rede Goiana de Inovação or RGI). The results enabled to map the ecosystem of innovative entrepreneurship and obtain an overview of the incubation process in Goiás, contributing to the study and identification of the participation of incubators in the process of entrepreneurship development and as a guide to develop institutional policies and actions to strengthen connections in the existing ecosystem, capable to foster and boost the performance of incubators in favor of local and regional development

The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer

Abstract: Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM−/− patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors

The relevance of accounting information for the Brazilian capital market under the assumption of bounded rationality of investors

A questão se a informação contábil é relevante para o mercado de capitais tem sido investigada, predominantemente, por meio dos pressupostos da Hipótese de Eficiência de Mercado (HEM). Para a HEM, toda informação relevante é refletida nos preços das ações de forma integral e instantânea, a partir da consideração de que as informações são analisadas e interpretadas por indivíduos plenamente racionais. Contudo, a literatura relacionada às áreas de Finanças Comportamentais e de Processos Decisórios tem indicado que os indivíduos, mesmo em condições de interação e de competição, como verificado nos mercados financeiros, são melhor caracterizados como detentores de racionalidade limitada ao tomar decisões. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a relevância da informação contábil para o mercado de capitais brasileiro sob o pressuposto da racionalidade limitada dos investidores. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidas escalas de complexidade específicas para as ações ordinárias e preferenciais. As escalas foram utilizadas como parâmetros para testar se níveis distintos de incertezas na estimação dos fluxos de caixa futuros estão associados à utilidade da informação contábil para o mercado de capitais. Além disso, no estudo, segregou-se a tomada de decisão nas dimensões dos ganhos e das perdas, tendo como objetivo identificar a relevância da informação contábil, segundo essa classificação. A amostra foi composta por informações de 232 empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros de São Paulo (BM&FBOVESPA) no período de 2000 a 2015. Os resultados encontrados apontaram evidências de uma associação inversa entre os níveis de complexidade na avaliação das empresas e a relevância da informação contábil para os investidores. Foi identificado, também, que os preços das ações tendem a incorporar as informações contábeis relevantes de forma apenas gradual em condições de maiores níveis de incertezas. Esses resultados mostraram-se robustos para a dimensão dos ganhos. Além disso, os resultados obtidos sugerem que as normas contábeis do International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) reduziram os níveis de complexidade na avaliação das ações, o que resultou em um aumento da relevância da informação contábil para os investidores. De forma geral, as evidências obtidas corroboram a ideia de que os limites cognitivos dos indivíduos em processar informações pode ser um fator relacionado à magnitude com que os preços das ações refletem as informações contábeis.The question whether accounting information is relevant to the capital market has been investigated predominantly through the assumptions of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). For EMH, all relevant information is reflected in stock prices in an integral and instantaneous way, considering that information is analyzed and interpreted by fully rational individuals. However, the literature related to the areas of Behavioral Finance and Decision Making has indicated that individuals, even in conditions of interaction and competition, as verified in financial markets, are better characterized as having limited rationality when making decisions. In this sense, the objective of this study was to examine the relevance of the accounting information to the Brazilian capital market, under the assumption of investors\' bounded rationality. Therefore, specific complexity scales were developed for common and preferred stocks. The scales were used as parameters to test if different levels of uncertainties in the estimation of future cash flows are associated with the usefulness of the accounting information for the capital market. In addition, the study segregated the decision making in gains and losses dimensions, aiming to identify the relevance of accounting information according to this classification. The sample consisted of information of 232 companies listed on the Brazilian Securities, Commodities and Futures Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA), from 2000 to 2015. The findings brought evidence of an inverse association between levels of complexity in the evaluation of the stocks and the relevance of accounting information to investors. It was identified that stock prices tend to incorporate the relevant accounting information only gradually in conditions of higher levels of uncertainties. These results were robust for the gain dimension. Furthermore, the results suggest that the accounting standards of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) reduced complexity levels in stock valuation, which resulted in an increase in the relevance of accounting information for investors. In general, the evidence obtained corroborates with the idea that cognitive limits of individuals in processing information may be a factor related to the magnitude in which stock prices reflect the accounting information

Analysis of Brazilian Corporate Sustainability Index in a risk and return perspective: event study of theoretical portfolios release from 2005 to 2010

Este trabalho investigou o comportamento dos retornos e risco das ações quando da divulgação das carteiras teóricas do Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE). Este índice foi implementado em 2005 pela Bolsa de Valores São Paulo e é considerado referência de boas práticas de sustentabilidade e responsabilidade corporativa no Brasil. No entanto, a inclusão de uma empresa em indicadores de sustentabilidade não garante, necessariamente, um melhor desempenho de suas ações. Neste contexto foram utilizadas as metodologias de estudo de eventos, análise de repetições, backtesting, regressão logit e análise envoltória de dados para analisar a reação dos retornos das ações do ISE e verificar se fatores ligados ao desempenho econômico, impacto ambiental e níveis de governança corporativa são fatores que influenciam esses retornos. Foram analisadas as ações pertencentes à carteira teórica do ISE no período de 2005 a 2010. Os resultados sugerem que os retornos das ações que integram o ISE foram influenciados pela divulgação das carteiras teóricas do ISE, uma vez que foi constatado: i) retornos anormais ao mercado; ii) não aleatoriedade dos retornos anormais ao mercado; iii) concentração dos retornos anormais ao mercado após a divulgação das carteiras teóricas e; iv) retornos anormais ao Value at RisK (VaR). Os resultados constataram que, em média, houve valorização positiva das ações na divulgação das carteiras teóricas, porém, apenas os fatores ligados à dimensão econômica puderam explicar o fenômeno estudado. A pesquisa concluiu que a reação dos retornos das ações do ISE, parece não estar associada, no período analisado, à integração das dimensões ambientais, sociais e econômicas, mas sim ao desempenho dessas dimensões. Assim, no que se refere à reação dos retornos das ações, o índice de sustentabilidade empresarial brasileiro parece não captar para todas as empresas que o integram a dinâmica das dimensões sociais, ambientais e econômicas, privilegiando esta última, o que não corresponde às premissas de sustentabilidade corporativa.This study investigated the behaviour of stocks return and risk when the release of theoretical portfolios of Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE). This index, launched in 2005 by the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange, is considered a benchmark of good practice in sustainability and corporate responsibility in Brazil. However, the inclusion of a company into sustainability indexes does not necessarily guarantee better performance of their stocks. In this context this research make use of event study methodology, analysis of repetitions, backtesting, logit regression and data envelopment analysis to capture the reaction of stock returns of the ISE and verify whether factors related to economic performance, environmental impact and levels of corporate governance are explanatory factors of these returns. It was analyzed the theoretical portfolio of ISE from 2005 to 2010. The results suggest that the returns on stocks that comprise the ISE were influenced by the release of its theoretical portfolio, since it was verified: i) abnormal returns to the market, ii) non-randomness of the abnormal returns to the market, iii) concentration of abnormal returns to the market after the release of the theoretical portfolio; and iv) abnormal returns of the Value at Risk (VaR).The results showed that, on average, there was positive valuation of the shares by the release of theoretical portfolios, however, only factors related to the economic dimension could explain the phenomenon under study. The research concluded that the reaction of stock returns of the ISE does not seem to be associated, in the period analyzed, with the integration of environmental, social and economic dimensions, but the performance of these dimensions. Thus the Brazilian corporate sustainability index showed that, regarding to the reaction of stock returns, it doesn\'t capture to all the companies comprising the index the dynamics of social, environmental and economic dimensions, favouring the latter, which does not match the assumptions of corporate sustainability

IFRS, synchronicity, and financial crisis: the dynamics of accounting information for the Brazilian capital market

ABSTRACT This study aims is to investigate the synchronicity levels of shares traded on the spot market of the São Paulo Stock, Commodities , and Futures Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA) in relation to the accounting convergence process towards International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Brazil. The term synchronicity refers to the amount that company-specific information and market information are reflected in stock prices. The more share prices reflect company-specific information rather than market information, the greater the informational content of these prices will be in terms of representing the economic value of a particular company. For this investigation, information on companies and shares from 2005 to 2015 was collected, excluding the financial sector. The data were analyzed using cross-sectional and panel regressions. The results indicate a reduction in the synchronicity levels of stocks in the period of full adoption of IFRS in Brazil from 2010 onwards. From 2008 to 2009, which includes the partial adoption of IFRS in Brazil, statistically significant results were not found for the synchronicity levels of shares. However, for times of financial crisis, evidence was found of a reduction in the relevance of accounting information even with the adoption of international accounting standards. The results obtained for the Brazilian context do not support the idea that the adoption of IFRS necessarily causes an increase in the informational content of financial statements and that relevant information is consequently reflected in stock prices