Network Performance Assessment with Uniform and Non-Uniform Nodes Distribution in C+L Upgrades vs. Fiber Doubling SDM Solutions

Both spatial-division multiplexing (SDM) and band-division multiplexing (BDM) have been proposed to increase the traffic allocation in transparent optical networks. If available, SDM may take advantage of the already deployed dark fibers, otherwise BDM is a viable and cost-efficient solution by exploiting multiple bands on the deployed fibers just upgrading the required equipment. We assess the network capacity upgrades enabled by C+L BDM and fiber doubling SDM solutions as realistic upgrade scenario from a C-band only case, using the statistical network assessment process (SNAP). SNAP has been applied to the German, the US-NET and the COST networks by generating any-to-any traffic according to both an uniform or population-based joint probability density function. We show that both SDM and BDM upgrades double the network capacity, making the performances of the two solutions comparable

Multi Bands Network Performance Assessment for Different System Upgrades

We investigate the capacity of a reference German network when employing band-division multiplexing (BDM) using C+L+S-bands and spatial-division multiplexing (SDM) in case of different nodes distribution scenarios. We show that BDM enables increasing the network capacity by up to almost 3 x with respect to C-band transmission only

Avaliação do tecido adiposo subcutâneo e visceral abdominal por tomografia computorizada e antropometria e a sua relação com a Síndrome Metabólica

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Comparison of Transceiver and C+L Band Upgrades: Network Traffic and Energy Assessment

Being as power-efficient as possible is becoming an issue of increasing importance in optical networks due to the continuous increase of requested capacity resulting from the exponential growth of IP traffic. In this work, we investigate the trade-off between network capacity and energy consumption in optical transport networks when considering (i) three coherent transceiver implementations; (ii) two capacity upgrade strategies, and (iii) uniform and nonuniform traffic distributions. We show that, in Deutsche Telekom (DT) reference network, a nonuniform traffic distribution leads to an increase in network capacity of about 100 Tbps with respect to the uniform case. Interestingly, the nonuniform traffic distribution showed that, in the DT reference network, more traffic could be transmitted with less energy consumption than when considering the uniform traffic distribution. Additionally, it is also shown that C+L systems lead to an only negligible increase in energy consumption while attaining comparable network capacity as adding a second optical fiber and using C-band only for the three considered coherent transceiver implementations. Newer transceivers are found to be very power efficient when compared with older ones. This is a consequence of technological advances enabling to increase capacity via using higher-order modulation formats and baud rates. In the case of the ZR implementation, a compromise between lower power consumption and capacity was reached to address shorter links

Network Comparison of C+L-band Transparent versus C-band Translucent Upgrade

We investigate the designs for the capacity upgrade for transparent C-and C+L-band and translucent C-band only; and evaluate them in terms of capacity, energy consumption, cost, and link utilization ratio. Two different transceiver (TRX) implementations, namely Flex and Fix are used in transparent C-and C+L-band and translucent C-band network designs. We investigate networking performance enabled by different upgrade strategies on a reference topology by relying on an accurate optical transport model. We show that lighting the L-band by keeping a transparent approach leads to an increase in network capacity of more than two times. Conversely, applying translucent design to the C-band to improve the spectral efficiency by deploying regenerators results in only modest improvements of capacity. Also, C+L-band transparent design allows to reduce the number of transceivers per bit/sec and to consume almost 4 dB less energy than that required with the C-band translucent design

A REDE DOS ANARQUISTAS ITALIANOS EM SÃO PAULO NO INÍCIO DO SÉCULO XX

O fluxo migratório de anarquistas italianos, tendo como destino o cone Sul-Americano, fez parte das redes transnacionais construídas pelos militantes, especialmente entre o final do dezenove e início do século XX. O encontro de muitos anarquistas italianos em São Paulo permitiu a criação de vários grupos de afinidades para o aperfeiçoamento da propaganda. Através das análises biográficas dos principais anarquistas que escreveram no periódico La Battaglia (Oreste Ristori, Alessandro Cerchiai, Angelo Bandoni, Tobia Boni e Gigi Damiani), pretendemos demonstrar que tais relações de afinidades foram mediadas a partir das identidades sociais desses ativistas. Nos últimos anos, os anarquistas italianos em São Paulo têm sido classificados como sendo individualistas por uma nova historiografia que não é capaz de investigar as peculiaridades deste grupo. Portanto, esta proposta compartilha a ideia de que o anarquismo transatlântico, em razão de sua complexidade, apenas pode ser compreendido por análises específicas

Suporte nutricional em diferentes unidades de cuidados intensivos

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The Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen DNA binding domain dorsal positive electrostatic patch facilitates DNA replication and episome persistence

© 2015 ASBMB. Currently published by Elsevier Inc; originally published by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has a causative role in several human malignancies. KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) mediates persistence of viral episomes in latently infected cells. LANA mediates KSHV DNA replication and segregates episomes to progeny nuclei. The structure of the LANA DNA binding domain was recently solved, revealing a positive electrostatic patch opposite the DNA binding surface, which is the site of BET protein binding. Here we investigate the functional role of the positive patch in LANA-mediated episome persistence. As expected, LANA mutants with alanine or glutamate substitutions in the central, peripheral, or lateral portions of the positive patch maintained the ability to bind DNA by EMSA. However, all of the substitution mutants were deficient for LANA DNA replication and episome maintenance. Mutation of the peripheral region generated the largest deficiencies. Despite these deficiencies, all positive patch mutants concentrated to dots along mitotic chromosomes in cells containing episomes, similar to LANA. The central and peripheral mutants, but not the lateral mutants, were reduced for BET protein interaction as assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. However, defects in BET protein binding were independent of episome maintenance function. Overall, the reductions in episome maintenance closely correlated with DNA replication deficiencies, suggesting that the replication defects account for the reduced episome persistence. Therefore, the electrostatic patch exerts a key role in LANA-mediated DNA replication and episome persistence and may act through a host cell partner(s) other than a BET protein or by inducing specific structures or complexes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comportamento alimentar em estudantes de Ciências da Nutrição

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