3,824 research outputs found
Pore-scale modeling of fluid-particles interaction and emerging poromechanical effects
A micro-hydromechanical model for granular materials is presented. It
combines the discrete element method (DEM) for the modeling of the solid phase
and a pore-scale finite volume (PFV) formulation for the flow of an
incompressible pore fluid. The coupling equations are derived and contrasted
against the equations of conventional poroelasticity. An analogy is found
between the DEM-PFV coupling and Biot's theory in the limit case of
incompressible phases. The simulation of an oedometer test validates the
coupling scheme and demonstrates the ability of the model to capture strong
poromechanical effects. A detailed analysis of microscale strain and stress
confirms the analogy with poroelasticity. An immersed deposition problem is
finally simulated and shows the potential of the method to handle phase
transitions.Comment: accepted in Int. Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in
Geomechanic
Flexible involutive meadows
We investigate a notion of inverse for neutrices inspired by Van den Berg and
Koudjeti's decomposition of a neutrix as the product of a real number and an
idempotent neutrix. We end up with an algebraic structure that can be
characterized axiomatically and generalizes involutive meadows. The latter are
algebraic structures where the inverse for multiplication is a total operation.
As it turns out, the structures satisfying the axioms of flexible involutive
meadows are of interest beyond nonstandard analysis
Transfer of metal ions at the soil-root interface: role of VO<sup>2+</sup> on Fe<sup>3+</sup> mobilization from a Fe(III)-network
This note reports the role of VO(IV) on Fe(III) mobilization from a Fe(III)-polygalacturonate network. The effect of the reaction on the physical properties of the system is also considered
Dynamic modelling of mortality via mixtures of skewed distribution functions
In this article, we propose a novel dynamic Bayesian approach for modeling and forecasting the age-at-death distribution, focusing on a three-components mixture of a Dirac mass, a Gaussian distribution and a Skew-Normal distribution. According to the specified model, the age-at-death distribution is characterized via seven parameters corresponding to the main aspects of infant, adult and old-age mortality. The proposed approach focuses on coherent modeling of multiple countries, and following a Bayesian approach to inference we allow to borrow information across populations and to shrink parameters towards a common mean level, implicitly penalizing diverging scenarios
Dynamic modeling of mortality via mixtures of skewed distribution functions
There has been growing interest on forecasting mortality. In this article, we propose a novel dynamic Bayesian approach for modeling and forecasting the age-at-death distribution, focusing on a three-components mixture of a Dirac mass, a Gaussian distribution and a Skew-Normal distribution. According to the specified model, the age-at-death distribution is characterized via seven parameters corresponding to the main aspects of infant, adult and old-age mortality. The proposed approach focuses on coherent modeling of multiple countries, and following a Bayesian approach to inference we allow to borrow information across populations and to shrink parameters towards a common mean level, implicitly penalizing diverging scenarios. Dynamic modeling across years is induced trough an hierarchical dynamic prior distribution that allows to characterize the temporal evolution of each mortality component and to forecast the age-at-death distribution. Empirical results on multiple countries indicate that the proposed approach outperforms popular methods for forecasting mortality, providing interpretable insights on the evolution of mortality
Operative and nonoperative management for renal trauma. Comparison of outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis
INTRODUCTION:
Preservation of kidney and renal function is the goal of nonoperative management (NOM) of renal trauma (RT). The advantages of NOM for minor blunt RT have already been clearly described, but its value for major blunt and penetrating RT is still under debate. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis on NOM for RT, which was compared with the operative management (OM) with respect to mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay (LOS).
METHODS:
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement was followed for this study. A systematic search was performed on Embase, Medline, Cochrane, and PubMed for studies published up to December 2015, without language restrictions, which compared NOM versus OM for renal injuries.
RESULTS:
Twenty nonrandomized retrospective cohort studies comprising 13,824 patients with blunt (2,998) or penetrating (10,826) RT were identified. When all RT were considered (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grades 1-5), NOM was associated with lower mortality and morbidity rates compared to OM (8.3% vs 17.1%, odds ratio [OR] 0.471; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.404-0.548; P<0.001 and 2% vs 53.3%, OR 0.0484; 95% CI 0.0279-0.0839, P<0.001). Likewise, NOM represented the gold standard treatment resulting in a lower mortality rate compared to OM even when only high-grade RT was considered (9.1% vs 17.9%, OR 0.332; 95% CI 0.155-0.708; P=0.004), be they blunt (4.1% vs 8.1%, OR 0.275; 95% CI 0.0957-0.788; P=0.016) or penetrating (9.1% vs 18.1%, OR 0.468; 95% CI 0.398-0.0552; P<0.001).
CONCLUSION:
Our meta-analysis demonstrated that NOM for RT is the treatment of choice not only for AAST grades 1 and 2, but also for higher grade blunt and penetrating RT
Les justes et les brutes : la littérature de témoignage sur les violences de Gênes 2001
Les évènements, survenus à Gênes en juillet 2001 lors de la contestation du G8, se sont constitués progressivement comme référence politique et culturelle dans l'histoire en train de se faire - à la fois identité et récit partagé - du mouvement altermondialiste et, en particulier, de sa composante italienne. On analyse ici un genre de récit qui a connu un essor exceptionnel en Italie après les évènements de Gênes : le témoignage de la violence subie. Des récits qui ont fortement contribué à définir l'" après-Gênes ", c'est-à -dire un nouveau rapport entre le mouvement altermondialiste italien comme acteur politique et l'État comme appareil répressif
Microvascular Disease and the Pathogenesis of Heart Failure in Diabetes: A Tiny Piece of the Tricky Puzzle
A hierarchical approach to energy management in data centers
Abstract — This paper concerns the management of energy in data centers using a cyber-physical model that supports the coordinated control of both computational and thermal (cooling) resources. On the basis of the structure of the proposed model and practical issues related to the data center layout and distribution of information, we propose a hierarchical optimization scheme in which the higher level chooses goals for regulation at the lower level. Linear programming is applied to solve sequences of one-step look-ahead problems at both the top level and in the lower-level controllers to solve. The approach is illustrated with simulation results. I
- …