Prior exercise training and experimental myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Exercising prior to experimental infarction may have beneficial effects on the heart. The objective of this study was to analyze studies on animals that had exercised prior to myocardial infarction and to examine any benefits through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The databases MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were consulted. We analyzed articles published between January 1978 and November 2018. From a total of 858 articles, 13 manuscripts were selected in this review. When animals exercised before experimental infarction, there was a reduction in mortality, a reduction in infarct size, improvements in cardiac function, and a better molecular balance between genes and proteins that exhibit cardiac protective effects. Analyzing heart weight/body weight, we observed the following results - Mean difference 95% CI - -0.02 [-0.61,0.57]. Metaanalysis of the infarct size (% of the left ventricle) revealed a statistically significant decrease in the size of the infarction in animals that exercised before myocardial infarction, in comparison with the sedentary animals -5.05 [-7.68, -2.40]. Analysis of the ejection fraction, measured by echo (%), revealed that animals that exercised before myocardial infarction exhibited higher and statistically significant measures, compared with sedentary animals 8.77 [3.87,13.66]. We conclude that exercise performed prior to experimental myocardial infarction confers cardiac benefits to animals

Exercício Físico Aeróbio Atenua O Remodelamento Ventricular Direito Em Ratos Submetidos A Bandagem Da Artéria Pulmonar

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial stenosis (PAS) is a congenital defect that causes outflow tract obstruction of the right ventricle (RV). Currently, negative issues are reported in the PAS management: not all patients may be eligible to surgeries; there is often the need for another surgery during passage to adulthood; patients with mild stenosis may have later cardiac adverse repercussions. Thus, the search for approaches to counteract the long-term PAS effects showed to be a current target. At the study herein, we evaluated the cardioprotective role of exercise training in rats submitted to PAS for 9 weeks. Results: Exercise resulted in improved physical fitness and systolic RV function. Exercise also blunted concentric cavity changes, diastolic dysfunction, and fibrosis induced by PAS. Exercise additional benefits were also reported in a pro-survival signal, in which there were increased Akt1 activity and normalized myocardial apoptosis. These findings were accompanied by microRNA-1 downregulation and microRNA-21 upregulation. Moreover, exercise was associated with a higher myocardial abundance of the sarcomeric protein α‐MHC and proteins that modulate calcium handling ‐ ryanodine receptor and Serca 2, supporting the potential role of exercise in improving myocardial performance. Conclusion: Our results represent the first demonstration that exercise can attenuate the RV remodeling in an experimental PAS. The cardioprotective effects were associated with positive modulation of RV function, survival signaling pathway, apoptosis, and proteins involved in the regulation of myocardial contractility.Introdução: A estenose pulmonar (EP) é um defeito congênito que causa obstrução do trato de saída do ventrículo direito (VD). Atualmente, há certas questões negativas relacionadas ao manejo clinico da EP: nem todos os pacientes podem ser elegíveis para correção cirúrgica; não é incomum a necessidade de outras intervenções cirúrgicas durante o desenvolvimento para a idade adulta; pacientes com estenose leve podem ter repercussões cardíacas adversas a longo prazo. Assim, a pesquisa por abordagens para atenuar os efeitos deletérios da EP constitui alvo de interesse. No presente estudo, avaliamos o papel cardioprotetor do treinamento físico aeróbio em ratos submetidos à EP. Resultados: O treinamento físico resultou em maior aptidão física e função sistólica do VD. O exercício também atenuou a hipertrofia concêntrica, disfunção diastólica e fibrose do VD induzida pela EP. Os benefícios adicionais do exercício também foram relatados em melhora no sinal pró-sobrevivência celular, no qual houve aumento da atividade de Akt1 e normalização da apoptose miocárdica. Estes achados foram acompanhados por redução na expressão do microRNA-1 e aumento do microRNA-21 no miocárdio. Além disso, o treinamento físico foi associado com maior teor miocárdico da proteína sarcomérica α-MHC e proteínas que modulam a cinética do cálcio - receptor de rianodina e Serca 2, apoiando o papel do exercício para induzir melhora do desempenho miocárdico. Conclusão: Nossos resultados constituem primeira demonstração de que o treinamento aeróbio pode atenuar o remodelamento do VD em um modelo experimental de EP. Os efeitos cardioprotetores foram associados à modulação positiva da função ventricular, da via de sinalização de sobrevivência, da apoptose e de proteínas envolvidas na regulação da contratilidade miocárdica.Dados abertos - Sucupira - Teses e dissertações (2017

Can photobiomodulation therapy be an alternative to pharmacological therapies in decreasing the progression of skeletal muscle impairments of mdx mice?

OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and pharmacological therapy (glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) applied alone and in different combinations in mdx mice. METHODS:The animals were randomized and divided into seven experimental groups treated with placebo, PBMT, prednisone, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), PBMT plus prednisone and PBMT plus NSAID. Wild type animals were used as control. All treatments were performed during 14 consecutive weeks. Muscular morphology, protein expression of dystrophin and functional performance were assessed at the end of the last treatment. RESULTS:Both treatments with prednisone and PBMT applied alone or combined, were effective in preserving muscular morphology. In addition, the treatments with PBMT (p = 0.0005), PBMT plus prednisone (p = 0.0048) and PBMT plus NSAID (p = 0.0021) increased dystrophin gene expression compared to placebo-control group. However, in the functional performance the PBMT presented better results compared to glucocorticoids (p<0.0001). In contrast, the use of NSAIDs did not appear to add benefits to skeletal muscle tissue in mdx mice. CONCLUSION:We believe that the promising and optimistic results about the PBMT in skeletal muscle of mdx mice may in the future contribute to this therapy to be considered a safe alternative for patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) in a washout period (between treatment periods with glucocorticoids), allowing them to remain receiving effective and safe treatment in this period, avoiding at this way periods without administration of any treatment