1,036 research outputs found
Stable annual scheduling of medical residents using prioritized multiple training schedules to combat operational uncertainty
For educational purposes, medical residents often have to pass through many departments, which place different requirements on them. They are informed about the upcoming departments by an annual training schedule which keeps the individual departmentsâ service level as constant as possible. Due to poor planning and uncertain events, deviations in the schedule can occur. These deviations affect the service level in the departments, as well as the training progress and satisfaction of the residents. This article analyzes the impact of priorities on residentsâ annual planning based on department assignments to combat uncertainty that might result in departmental changes. We present a novel two-stage formulation that combines residentsâ tactical planning with duty and daily schedulingâs operational level. We determine an analytical bound for the problem that is superior to the LP bound. Additionally, we approximate a bound based on the solution approach using the objective value of the deterministic solution of an instance and the absences in each scenario. In a computational study, we analyze the performance of various bounds, our solution approach, and the effects of additional priorities in residentsâ annual planning. We show that additional priorities can significantly reduce the number of unexpected department assignments. Finally, we derive a practical number of priorities from the results
Critical psychoanalytic social psychology in the German speaking countries
Winter S, Brunner M, Lohl J, Schwietrig M. Critical psychoanalytic social psychology in the German speaking countries. Annual Review for critical psychology. 2013;10:419-468.The article traces the main stages of the history of psychoanalytic social psychology in German speaking countries. Beginning with Freud, it illuminates the Freudomarxists, Critical theory, the developments during the 1960ies and 70ies and of ethnopsychoanalysis, followed by an illustration of central topics of psychoanalytic social psychology (in- and exclusion, authoritarism and right-wing extremism, as well as the aftermath of the National Socialism and the fields of subject and gender). Reflections on a psychoanalytic-oriented empirical social research complete the text
Recommended from our members
Impact of symbolic product design on brand evaluations
Purpose â The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of symbolic product information (symbolic product design) on consumersâ perceived brand evaluations. In an experimental setting, the authors consider as key factors the congruence between symbolic product design and product category, the level of product involvement as well as brand strength.
Design/methodology/approach â In an experiment of 490 participants, consumers are confronted to different symbolic product designs connotations. Based on the cognitive process model âSARAâ (selective activation, reconstruction and anchoring), the authors examined how symbolic product design associations are used as heuristics in the working memory when making brand judgement.
Findings â The results show that product design associations are used in consumersâ information processing as anchor for brand evaluations. This effect is stronger if symbolic design associations are incongruent to the product category because of consumersâ deeper elaboration process. Furthermore, the impact of symbolic product design is higher for weak compared to strong brands.
Research limitations/implications â This research supports the cognitive process model âSARAâ being an appropriate foundation explaining the effects of symbolic product design. Further research should extend this experiment, using a field study in a more realistic setting and/or a choice situation between different alternative product designs at the point of sale. Furthermore, the consumersâ elaboration process should be manipulated differently, e.g. in a mental load condition.
Practical implications â Symbolic product design is important to enhance brand association networks in the consumersâ mind, particularly if the brand is weak. Marketers should use incongruent symbolic product information to differentiate from competitors who use âstereotypeâ product designs.
Originality/value â Research about product design in the marketing discipline is still limited. The authors analyse the impact of symbolic product design on brand evaluations in an experimental setting of 490 respondents in four product categories. The findings support that consumers use product design as heuristics to evaluate brands
Enantiomerically Pure Tetravalent Neptunium Amidinates: Synthesis and Characterization
The synthesis of a tetravalent neptunium amidinate [NpCl((S )âPEBA)] (1 ) ((S )âPEBA=(S ,S )âN ,NâČâbisâ(1âphenylethyl)âbenzamidinate) is reported. This complex represents the first structurally characterized enantiopure transuranic compound. Reactivity studies with halide/pseudohalides yielding [NpX((S )âPEBA)] (X=F (2 ), Br (3 ), N3 (4 )) have shown that the chiralityâatâmetal is preserved for all compounds in the solid state. Furthermore, they represent an unprecedented example of a structurally characterized metalâorganic Np complex featuring a NpâBr (3 ) bond. In addition, 4 is the only reported tetravalent transuranic azide. All compounds were additionally characterized in solution using paraâmagnetic NMR spectroscopy showing an expected Câsymmetry at low temperatures
New insights into solvent-induced structural changes of C-13 labelled metal-organic frameworks by solid state NMR
Selective C-13-labelling of carboxylate carbons in the linker molecules of flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) makes solid-state NMR spectroscopy very powerful to investigate solvent-induced local structural changes as demonstrated by C-13 and H-1 NMR spectroscopy on the pillared layer MOF DUT-8(Ni). Selective identification of polar solvent-node interactions becomes feasible
Recommended from our members
Nonclassical Recrystallization
Applications in the fields of materials science and nanotechnology increasingly demand monodisperse nanoparticles in size and shape. Up to now, no general purification procedure exists to thoroughly narrow the size and shape distributions of nanoparticles. Here, we show by analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) as an absolute and quantitative high-resolution method that multiple recrystallizations of nanocrystals to mesocrystals is a very efficient tool to generate nanocrystals with an excellent and so-far unsurpassed size-distribution (PDIc=1.0001) and shape. Similar to the crystallization of molecular building blocks, nonclassical recrystallization removes âcolloidalâ impurities (i.e., nanoparticles, which are different in shape and size from the majority) by assembling them into a mesocrystal. In the case of nanocrystals, this assembly can be size- and shape-selective, since mesocrystals show both long-range packing ordering and preferable crystallographic orientation of nanocrystals. Besides the generation of highly monodisperse nanoparticles, these findings provide highly relevant insights into the crystallization of mesocrystals. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Gmb
Growth in infants, children and adolescents with unilateral and bilateral cerebral palsy
To compare growth patterns during infancy, childhood and adolescence in children with unilateral and bilateral cerebral palsy (CP) phenotype and to assess the association with gross motor impairment, dysphagia and gestational age. We retrospectively studied 389 children with CP from a single center population in Munich, Germany. 1536 measurements of height and weight were tabulated and z-scored from 6 to 180Â months of age. Generalized linear mixed model were used to examine the association between growth, GMFCS, dysphagia and gestational age by CP phenotype. Children with unilateral CP tend to grow similarly to their typically developed peers. In the main effect model, bilateral CP phenotype was significantly associated with decreased mean z-scores for height (ÎČ [95% CI] â 0.953 [â 1.145, â 0.761], p < 0.001), weight (â 0.999 [â 1.176, â 0.807], p < 0.001) and BMI (ÎČ [95% CI] â 0.437 [â 0.799, â 0.075]), compared with unilateral CP phenotype. This association remained significant in the interaction models. The height-for-age z-scores, weight-for-age decreased z-scores and BMI-for-age z-scores of children with bilateral CP and GMFCS IIIâV or dysphagia decreased more significantly than those of children with unilateral CP. Preterm birth was not significantly associated with decreased growth in height, weight and BMI. Reduced growth in children with bilateral CP was strongly associated with moderate to severe impairment in gross motor function (GMFCS IIIâV) and dysphagia.Fil: Ruiz Brunner, MarĂa de Las Mercedes. Hauner Childrenâs Hospital; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Cuestas, Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Cordoba. Hospital Misericordia Nuevo Siglo; ArgentinaFil: Heinen, Florian. Hauner Childrenâs Hospital; AlemaniaFil: Schroeder, Andreas Sebastian. Hauner Childrenâs Hospital; Alemani
Characterization of high-gamma activity in electrocorticographic signals
INTRODUCTION: Electrocorticographic (ECoG) high-gamma activity (HGA) is a widely recognized and robust neural correlate of cognition and behavior. However, fundamental signal properties of HGA, such as the high-gamma frequency band or temporal dynamics of HGA, have never been systematically characterized. As a result, HGA estimators are often poorly adjusted, such that they miss valuable physiological information.
METHODS: To address these issues, we conducted a thorough qualitative and quantitative characterization of HGA in ECoG signals. Our study is based on ECoG signals recorded from 18 epilepsy patients while performing motor control, listening, and visual perception tasks. In this study, we first categorize HGA into HGA types based on the cognitive/behavioral task. For each HGA type, we then systematically quantify three fundamental signal properties of HGA: the high-gamma frequency band, the HGA bandwidth, and the temporal dynamics of HGA.
RESULTS: The high-gamma frequency band strongly varies across subjects and across cognitive/behavioral tasks. In addition, HGA time courses have lowpass character, with transients limited to 10 Hz. The task-related rise time and duration of these HGA time courses depend on the individual subject and cognitive/behavioral task. Task-related HGA amplitudes are comparable across the investigated tasks.
DISCUSSION: This study is of high practical relevance because it provides a systematic basis for optimizing experiment design, ECoG acquisition and processing, and HGA estimation. Our results reveal previously unknown characteristics of HGA, the physiological principles of which need to be investigated in further studies
- âŠ