Systematics of Palicoureeae (Rubiaceae): recent advances in Brazilian groups

Palicoureeae (Rubiaceae) has its centre of diversity in the neotropics and comprises about 1500 species. Two genera with great diversity considering the Brazilian Flora are Palicourea Aubl. and Rudgea Salisb. with ca 170 and 70 species, respectively. These numbers are still underestimated, especially because several species of Psychotria L. subgenus Heteropsychotria Steyerm. need to be transferred to Palicourea, and there are several undescribed species of Rudgea. Some of our recent studies focused on resolving some taxonomic gaps and phylogenetic questions with these genera. Considering Palicourea, phylogenetic analyses are being conducted with sections Codonocalyx, Solenocalyx, and Suteria, which include 15 species of Atlantic Forest. The monophyly of sections is being tested using molecular markers. Considering Rudgea, we are investigating its diversity in the Northeast region of Brazil, trying to answer how many species occur in the region and how climatic changes may affect its distribution. Besides, the domatia of Rudgea are also being investigated, since these structures have an important taxonomic value, but its description is not very clear in the literature. These studies are being conducted with field work, especially in eastern Brazil, exsiccatae analyses, mostly from Brazilian herbaria, and from images of digital herbaria. The phylogenetic analyses used rps16, psbA-trnH, trnL-F, and ITS markers, and were conducted using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Regarding the phylogenetic inference of Palicourea, the preliminary results showed that Codonocalyx, Solenocalyx, and Suteria do not have molecular support to be sustained as monophyletic taxa. Regarding the diversity of Rudgea, there are at least 22 (~31% of the total) species in Northeast Brazil, with 18 occurring in the state of Bahia. However, there are 12 uncertain taxa still being analysed. Finally, a new proposal to classify the domatia of Rudgea is being carried out, to accommodate variation and intermediate types of domatia. Acknowledgments: CAPES, FAPES, and FAPESP

Rudgea approuaguensis O. Lachenaud 2022, sp. nov.

Rudgea approuaguensis O. Lachenaud, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Inflorescentiis glomerulatis et breviter pedunculatis, fructibus rubris et ellipsoideis, foliis glabris crassis venulis laxissimis, stipulisque margine fimbriatis dorso exappendiculatis et applanatis Rudgeae bremekampianae Steyermark (1967: 407) valde affinis, sed habitu humiliore (35 – 40 cm nec 1 – 4 m alto), caule breviter pubescente (nec glabro), foliis minoribus nervis lateralibus paucioribus, inflorescentiis ebracteatis (nec bracteis foliaceis conspicuis munitis), calyce breviore lobato et corolla breviore (tubo 6 mm longo nec 10 – 16 mm) conspicue differt. Type: — FRENCH GUIANA. Haute Approuague, sur la Crique Calebasse au village Germain, 25 August 1968 (fr.), R.A.A. Oldeman B-1828 (holotype, P [P06839007]; isotypes, CAY [CAY021301], K [K001301358], L n.v., NY [NY03120147]). Subshrub, 35 – 40 cm tall, sparsely branched; terminal branchlets 2.5 – 3 mm thick, densely and shortly pubescent with patent hairs 0.3 mm long, soon covered with a corky buff-grey bark. Stipules consisting of two flat interpetiolar portions, broadly elliptic, 7 – 12 × 4 – 6 mm, with numerous marginal appendages 1.5 mm long and lacking dorsal appendages, externally puberulous, soon corky and easily damaged, hiding an internal sheath 1-3 mm long. Leaves opposite, petiolate; petioles 0.2 – 0.7 cm long, densely puberulous; blades elliptic or obovate, 7 – 13 × 2.6 – 4.6 cm, acute at base, shortly acuminate at apex, coriaceous, glabrous on both sides, drying olive green to greyish; midrib flat or concave above; secondary veins 9 – 12 on each side of midrib, rather ascending, not very prominent, forming inconspicuous loops 1.5 – 3 mm from the margin; tertiary veins laxly reticulate, slightly prominent when dry (possibly invisible in the fresh state); domatia absent. Inflorescences terminal, glomerulate, ca. 20-flowered, erect; peduncle terete, puberulous, 0.5 cm in flower, 1.5 cm in fruit; flowering part 0.8 cm in diameter in flower; no distinct ramifications or bracts. Flowers 5-merous, whether distylous unknown, sessile. Hypanthium tronco-conical, 0.3 mm, glabrous. Calyx cupuliform, 1 mm long, divided in short, round lobes for 1/3 or 1/2 of its length, densely ciliate. Corolla white; tube nearly cylindrical, 6 × 3 mm, glabrous outside; lobes triangular, 3.5 mm, not or hardly corniculate, minutely puberulous outside at the apex, otherwise glabrous. Stamens exserted just beyond the corolla mouth; filaments barely exceeding corolla mouth; anthers elliptic, 2 × 0.25 mm. Disk hemispherical, 0.5 mm long. Style included, 4.5 mm long, glabrous; branches 1.2 mm. Fruits ellipsoid, 12–13 × 8–9 mm when dry, round at apex, red, glabrous, sessile; calyx scar not enlarging. Pyrenes ellipsoid, 11.5 × 6.8 mm, dorsally smooth except for a slight median ridge in the lower half; seeds with a deep T-shaped ventral furrow. Distribution and ecology: —Endemic to French Guiana; apparently restricted to the upper Approuague River (Fig. 2). Occurs presumably in lowland forest, ca. 100 m in elevation, although the habitat is not precisely recorded. Phenology: —Flowers were collected only once in July, at the end of the second rainy season, and fruits only once in August. Conservation status assessment: —Endangered [EN B2ab(iii)]. Rudgea approuaguensis is endemic to French Guiana and is known from two specimens, representing two occurrences. Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is therefore not calculable, and its area of occupancy is estimated to be 8 km ², within the limit for Critically Endangered under subcriterion B2. The area where it occurs is not protected, and illegal gold mining occurring along the Approuague River is a potential threat, which leads us to predict a decline in the extent and quality of habitat. The two occurrences represent two locations in the sense of IUCN, and the species qualifies for Endangered status according to the conditions B2ab(iii). Notes: —This species closely resembles Rudgea bremekampiana Steyermark (1967: 407), from French Guiana and northern Brazil (state of Amapá), and has been previously confused with it in herbaria. Both species have glomerulate inflorescences with a short peduncle, red, ellipsoid fruits, thick, glabrous leaves, and flat stipules (i.e., lacking a dorsal keel) with marginal appendages. Rudgea bremekampiana differs from R. approuaguensis by the glabrous stems, conspicuous bracts, and greater dimensions of all its organs (differences are summarised in Table 1). It is not known whether the species is heterostylous, since only one collection bears flowers; these are too few to dissect, and the interior of the corolla tube is therefore not described. Additional specimen examined (paratype): — FRENCH GUIANA. Fleuve Approuague, au Saut Grand Canori, 12 July 1968 (fl.), R.A.A. Oldeman 2765 (CAY, P).Published as part of Lachenaud, Olivier, Bruniera, Carla P. & Zappi, Daniela C., 2022, Six new and a little-known species of Rudgea (Rubiaceae-Palicoureeae) from the Guianas, pp. 154-174 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on pages 155-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/588621

Rudgea leucocarpa O. Lachenaud. The 2022, sp. nov.

Rudgea leucocarpa O. Lachenaud, sp. nov. (Fig. 10) Fructibus albis vel luteis apice truncato calyce remnante in diametro valde accrescente, pyrenis dorso leviter verrucosis, stipulis brevibus (2-4 mm longis) margine fimbriatis dorso exappendiculatis, foliis glaberrimis costa mediana supra prominente, inflorescentiis glomerulatis vel brevissime ramosis, inter congeneribus satis recedit. Type: — FRENCH GUIANA: Sommet Tabulaire [Mount Itoupé], versant sud,> 50 km SE de Saül, 24 August 1980 (fr.), J.J. de Granville 3587 (holotype, P [P06800583]; isotypes, CAY [CAY079068, CAY079069], NY n.v.). Rudgea sp. B auct. (Boom & Delprete 2002: 646). Shrub 0.2 – 2 m tall, much branched; terminal branchlets 1.5 – 2 mm thick, glabrous, long remaining green. Stipules consisting of two flat interpetiolar portions, ovate to triangular, 2 – 4 × 2 – 4 mm, irregularly laciniate with 7 – 10 marginal appendages 0.6 – 1.5 mm long and lacking dorsal appendages, glabrous, marcescent and soon corky, surrounding a very fugacious internal sheath 1 – 2(– 3) mm long. Leaves opposite, petiolate; petiole 0.6-1.5 cm long, glabrous; blades elliptic, 8 – 18.5 × 3 – 7.3 cm, acute at base, narrowly and usually long acuminate at apex, coriaceous or papyraceous when dry, entirely glabrous, drying olive green with shiny underside, midrib convex on both sides, secondary veins 7 – 10 on each side of midrib, weakly to moderately ascending, forming very conspicuous loops 2 – 7 mm from the margin; tertiary veins prominent at least when dry, laxly reticulate, forming areolae ca. 3 mm in diameter; domatia absent. Inflorescences terminal, glomerulate or sometimes very shortly branched, few-flowered, erect, glabrous; peduncle terete, 3 – 9 mm long; main ramifications (when present) 2 per node, 0 – 2 mm long; bracts shortly triangular, 1.5 mm long, glabrous. Flowers sessile, 5-merous, whether distylous unknown. Hypanthium tronco-conical, 1.5 mm long, glabrous. Calyx tube 0.7 mm long, glabrous; lobes triangular, 1 – 1.5 mm long, acute at apex, patent. Corolla unknown. Fruits subglobose to broadly ovoid, 13 – 20 mm in diam. when fresh, 11–16 × 11–15 mm when dry, green when immature, white to yellow when mature, glabrous, sessile; calyx scar much enlarging on fruit, 5–9 mm wide. Pyrenes ellipsoid to ovoid, 10.5 – 12 × 8 – 9 mm, slightly verrucose, with one weak dorsal ridge; seeds with a deep, ± T–shaped ventral groove. Distribution and ecology: —This species occurs in northern Brazil (Reserva Biologica Uatumã in Amazonas state), extreme southeastern Suriname (Tumuc Humac Mts) and French Guiana, where it is found mostly in the central and southern hill ranges (Tumuc Humac Mountains, Montagne Bellevue de l’Inini, Mount Galbao, Mount Itoupé) with one record in the Approuague River basin in the northeast (Fig. 9). It occurs in lowland forests, and mostly in submontane forests on ridges where locally not uncommon, at 350–730 m in elevation. Phenology: —Immature fruits collected in January and March; mature fruits in August and early September. Conservation status assessment:—Least Concern (LC). Rudgea leucocarpa occurs in French Guiana, Suriname and northern Brazil (state of Amazonas), and is known from 13 collections representing eight occurrences. Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is calculated to be 39,915 km ², exceeding the limit for Vulnerable status under subcriterion B1, and its area of occupancy is estimated to be 32 km ², within the limit for Endangered status under subcriterion B2. Four of its occurrences are protected in the Parc Amazonien de Guyane, French Guiana, and in the Reserva Biologica Uatumã, Amazonas state, Brazil. The other occurrences are in areas sparsely populated and difficult to access, where there is no evidence of a particular threat. Consequently, the species is here assessed as LC. Notes: —This species is quite distinct from all other so far recorded in the Guianas, though in the absence of flowers it is difficult to suggest any affiliation with other species of the genus. The large white to yellow fruits with a conspicuously enlarged calyx scar are especially diagnostic (species of Rudgea occurring in the Guianas have mostly red or orange fruits, or if white, much smaller). In this character, and also in the leaves, pyrenes, seeds and inflorescences, Rudgea leucocarpa resembles Carapichea verrucosa C.M. Taylor (in Taylor & Gereau 2013: 124) from western Amazonia (Peru, Colombia, Brazil), although the latter has even larger fruits (2.5 – 3 × 2 – 2.5 cm) with a distinctly warty surface, and its stipules are distinctly longer than broad and apparently not fimbriate. Both species are known from fruiting material only, and have never been studied phylogenetically, so it is unclear whether their resemblance is superficial or indicative of a true relationship. Carapichea verrucosa is unusual in its genus and its position remains uncertain, although the stipules seem to exclude it from Rudgea. In vegetative characters R. leucocarpa also shows a superficial resemblance to R. graciliflora, but the latter has smaller fruits with the calyx not enlarged and a purplishbrown (when immature) or orange-red (when mature) colour, the leaf midrib concave above, and the stipules with a dorsal keel bearing apical appendages, while those of R. leucocarpa are dorsally flat and marginally fimbriate. This species was already recognized as probably new by Boom & Delprete (2002: 646). The inflorescences, described by these authors as paniculate, are in fact more commonly glomerulate (the ramifications, if present, being very short). The internal sheath of the stipules apparently tends to disintegrate early in their development, and is often not visible on herbarium material. According to the label of Bordenave 1248, the texture of the fruits is reminiscent of marshmallow paste (“pâte de guimauve”). Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — FRENCH GUIANA. Saut Tortue, 4°11’N, 52°24’W, 17 November 1994 (fr.), B. Bordenave 1248 (P); Tumuc Humac, forêt dense sur la crête du Mitaraka sud, à 1,5 km environ à l’ouest du sommet, 17 August 1972 (fr.), J.J. de Granville 1280 (CAY); Monts Galbao, à 10 km WSW de Saül, 14 March 1973 (imm. fr.), J.J. de Granville 1536 (CAY, P); Pente NE des Monts Galbao, 11 March 1975 (imm. fr.), J.J. de Granville 2386 (CAY, P). Montagne Bellevue de l’Inini, extrémité SW, versant NW, 15 August 1985 (fr.), J.J. de Granville, L . Allorge, G. Cremers, A.R.A. Görts-van Rijn & J.F. Kodjoed 7525 (CAY); Montagne Bellevue de l’Inini, zone orientale, versant sous le vent, 28 August 1985 (fr.), J.J. de Granville, L . Allorge, G. Cremers, A.R.A. Görts-van Rijn & J.F. Kodjoed 7858 (CAY); Montagne Bellevue de l’Inini, zone centrale, 8 September 1985 (fr.), J.J. de Granville, L . Allorge, G. Cremers, A.R.A. Görts-van Rijn & J.F. Kodjoed 8109 (CAY); Mont Galbao, secteur Sud, 3°35’N, 53°20’W, 22 January 1986 (imm. fr.), J.J. de Granville, C. Feuillet, L . Hollenberg, O. Poncy & H. Sangray 8912 (CAY); same locality, 27 January 1986 (imm. fr.), J.J. de Granville, C. Feuillet, L . Hollenberg, O. Poncy & H. Sangray 9002 (CAY). SURINAME. Tumuc Humac Mts, Talouakem, 2°31’N, 54°45’W, 9 August 1993 (fr.), P. Acevedo-Rodriguez, J.J. de Granville, L . Hollenberg, A. Joly & C. Avril 5969 (CAY); Tumuc Humac, frontière Brésil – Surinam, brousse et forêt basse sur le sommet du Paloulouiméenpeu, 2 August 1972 (fr.), J.J. de Granville 1087 (CAY). BRAZIL. Amazonas. Mun. Presidente Figueiredo, Rebio [Reserva Biologica] Uatumã, grade do PPBio, Baixio, 10 July 2008 (fr.), J.F. Stancik, S. Sakagawa, M.S. Tavares, R. L. da Silva & F.C. Costa 449 (K).Published as part of Lachenaud, Olivier, Bruniera, Carla P. & Zappi, Daniela C., 2022, Six new and a little-known species of Rudgea (Rubiaceae-Palicoureeae) from the Guianas, pp. 154-174 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on pages 171-173, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/588621

Rudgea itoupensis O. Lachenaud 2022, sp. nov.

Rudgea itoupensis O. Lachenaud, sp. nov. (Fig. 6) Inflorescentiis pendulis dense globosis bracteis valde laciniatis munitis discoque bipartito ab omnibus congeneribus differt Rudgea glomerulatae excepta, a quae distinguitur bracteis externis brevioribus et latioribus 7 × 7 mm (vs. 9 – 28 × 2.5 – 3.5 mm) calycibus non excedentibus et corollae tubo minore 11.5 mm longo (vs. 18 – 20 mm). Type: — FRENCH GUIANA: Sommet Tabulaire [Mount Itoupé], zone sud, ca. 50 km SE de Saül, 22 August 1980 (fl.), J.J. de Granville 3550 (holotype, CAY [CAY077712]; isotype, CAY [CAY077713]). Shrub 3 m tall, much-branched; terminal branchlets 1.5 – 2 mm thick, densely appressed-pubescent. Stipules consisting of two flat interpetiolar portions, narrowly ovate, 9 – 16 × 3 – 4 mm, deeply laciniate with ca. 13 marginal appendages 4 – 9 mm long and lacking dorsal appendages, pubescent, soon corky and eventually caducous, surrounding an internal sheath 2 mm long bearing ca. 4 lateral appendages 2 mm long in the axils of the petioles. Leaves opposite, petiolate; petioles 0.5 – 1 cm long, appressed pubescent; blades narrowly elliptic, 9.5 – 15.5 × 1.9 – 3.7 cm, acute at base, gradually long-acuminate at apex, papyraceous when dry, glabrous above and shortly appressed hairy beneath with hairs denser on the veins, drying dark grey-brown, midrib convex on both sides, secondary veins 9 – 12 on each side of midrib, weakly ascending, forming rather conspicuous loops 1 – 2 mm from the margin, tertiary veins prominent and forming a moderately lax reticulum (ca. 2 mm) in the dry state; domatia absent. Inflorescences terminal, nodding, capitate and hemispherical, many-flowered, densely appressed-pubescent; peduncle terete, 1.3 – 4.5 cm long; flowering portion 1.1 – 1.5 cm in diam., no distinct ramifications; bracts green, not exceeding the calyces, the basal ones 7 × 7 mm, deeply and irregularly laciniate for about 2/3 of their length, the upper ones almost linear and pinnatifid, 3.5 × 0.4 mm, all densely appressed hairy outside and glabrous inside. Flowers sessile, (4 –)5-merous, apparently distylous (see Notes). Hypanthium tronco-conical, 1 mm, pubescent. Calyx deeply cupuliform, pubescent outside, tube 2.5 – 4 mm long, lobes initially triangular and acute at apex, 1 mm long, but very soon damaged, becoming ± round and scariose at margin. Corolla white; tube narrowly cylindrical, 11.5 × 1 mm, glabrous outside and inside; lobes triangular, 3 mm, broadly corniculate at apex, glabrous on both sides except the cornicula minutely puberulous. Stamens included with their apex just reaching corolla mouth in long-styled flowers; anthers linear, 3.5 × 0.5 mm, dorsifixed. Disk bipartite, cylindrical to slightly conical, 1 – 1.3 mm long, glabrous. Style included, glabrous, 10 mm long and almost reaching corolla mouth in long-styled flowers, or 3.8 mm long in short-styled flowers, branches 0.8 – 1 mm long. Fruits unknown. Distribution and ecology: —Endemic to French Guiana (Fig. 4); apparently restricted to Mount Itoupé (also known as Sommet Tabulaire) in the central Inini-Camopi chain. Collected only once in submontane forest, at 750 m elevation. Phenology: —Flowers collected once in August. Conservation status assessment:—Vulnerable (VU) (D2). Rudgea itoupensis is known from a single collection near the summit of Mount Itoupé in south-central French Guiana, where it occurs in submontane forest. Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is therefore not calculable, and its area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated to be 4 km ², within the limit for Critically Endangered under subcriterion B2. Its only known location, which lies in the Parc Amazonien de Guyane, is very remote and difficult to access, and unlikely to be directly impacted by human activities. However, considering its very restricted range and particular habitat, the species may be at risk from any stochastic events (and possibly from future climatic changes). Being known from a single location, it qualifies for Vulnerable status under criterion D2. Notes: —This species is very close to Rudgea glomerulata, described above, from which it differs by the shorter and relatively much broader bracts, not exceeding the calyces, and a shorter corolla tube; both species are apparently endemic to French Guiana, but have different ranges and habitats (Table 2). They share dense and more or less pendulous inflorescences with deeply laciniate bracts, narrowly elliptic leaves with a sparsely hairy lower surface, a well-developed calyx tube, and a bipartite disk, while all other Rudgea species in the Guianas (and, as far as we know, elsewhere) have an entire disk. The only collection seen includes both long- and short-styled flowers (the latter with the corollas fallen off and only the style remaining) that are on separate branches, which were presumably collected from different individuals.Published as part of Lachenaud, Olivier, Bruniera, Carla P. & Zappi, Daniela C., 2022, Six new and a little-known species of Rudgea (Rubiaceae-Palicoureeae) from the Guianas, pp. 154-174 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on pages 166-167, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/588621

Rudgea jadinii O. Lachenaud 2022, sp. nov.

Rudgea jadinii O. Lachenaud, sp. nov. (Fig. 7-8) Stipulis brevis apice fimbriatis dorso exappendiculatis, foliis glaberrimis venulis inconspicuis et corollae tubo longe et anguste cylindrico Rudgea graciliflora Standley (1936: 262) similis, sed differt inflorescentiis glomerulatis (vs. breviter ramosis), staminibus et stylo in corollae tubo inclusis, et calyci lobis majoribus 1.5-2.5 mm longis (vs. 0-1 mm longis). Type: — FRENCH GUIANA: Route de Kaw, pk 33, sentier vers les grottes, 4°33’N, 52°13’W, 4 December 2000 (fl.), F. Billiet & B. Jadin 7459 (holotype, CAY [CAY014902]; isotype, BR [BR000000907386]). Shrub, much branched, or small tree, to 6 m tall; terminal branchlets 1 – 1.5 mm thick, glabrous. Stipules 2 – 3 × 2 – 3 mm, glabrous, marcescent and soon corky, consisting of a truncate to round basal sheath 0.5 – 2 mm long (usually broken at flower-bearing nodes), bearing on each side a dorsal keel with 4 early caducous terminal appendages <1 mm long. Leaves opposite, petiolate; petioles 0.3 – 1 cm long, glabrous; blades elliptic, 6.5-12.2 × 3-6.4 cm, obtuse to acute at base, abruptly acuminate for 0.5 – 1.5 cm at apex, coriaceous, entirely glabrous, drying olive green to blackish; midrib concave or flat above, secondary veins 7 – 10 on each side of midrib, flat above, weakly ascending, forming conspicuous loops 1.5 – 4 mm from the margin, tertiary veins inconspicuous or very lax; domatia absent. Inflorescences terminal, glomerulate, 5 – 15-flowered, sessile or with peduncle <0.4 cm long, glabrous; bracts triangular to elliptic, 2.5 – 3.5 × 0.7 – 1.5 mm, entire or minutely toothed, glabrous at base and shortly pubescent at apex. Flowers sessile, 5-merous, whether distylous unknown. Hypanthium tronco-conical, 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Calyx lobed nearly to the base; lobes narrowly ovate, 2 – 2.3 × 0.5 – 0.8 mm, glabrous at base, minutely and sparsely pubescent at apex, alternating with minute colleters in their sinuses. Corolla white; tube very narrowly cylindrical, 6.5 – 10 × 0.1 – 0.15 cm, glabrous outside, pubescent at distal 1.5 cm inside; lobes narrowly elliptic, 8 – 12 × 1.5 mm, with short rounded dorsal appendages near apex, glabrous outside except the minutely puberulous appendages, papillose inside. Stamens included, inserted 4 mm below corolla mouth, subsessile; anthers narrowly elliptic, 3 × 0.4 mm. Disk cylindrical, 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Style included, glabrous, 6.5 cm long, branches 2.5 mm. Fruits unknown. Distribution and ecology: —Endemic to northeastern French Guiana, where known from the Kaw Mountain Range and the Nouragues inselberg (Fig. 9); in the former locality it occurs in low forest on lateritic crust, in the latter presumably in a similar habitat but on granite. The species appears to be very rare; the first author was unable to find it in the type locality, despite visiting the site on several occasions at various times of the year. Phenology: —Flowering specimens were collected twice in December, at the beginning of the first rainy season, which represents a flowering peak for most shrubby Rubiaceae in French Guiana. Conservation status assessment: —Endangered [B2ab(iii)]. Rudgea jadinii is endemic to French Guiana and is known from two collections representing two occurrences. Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is therefore not calculable, and its area of occupancy is estimated to be 8 km ², within the limit for Critically Endangered under subcriterion B2. One of its occurrences is protected in the Réserve Naturelle des Nouragues. The other, on the Kaw Mountain, has no official protection status, and is potentially threatened by touristic development, forest exploitation and/or mining activities (mining projects in the area were abandoned in 2008 but may resurface in the future), which leads us to anticipate a decline in habitat extent and quality. The two occurrences represent two locations in the sense of IUCN, and the species qualifies for Endangered status under the conditions B2ab(iii) Notes: — Rudgea jadinii resembles R. graciliflora, from which it differs by the glomerulate inflorescence, flowers with anthers and style both included, and calyx lobes 1.5 – 2.5 mm long, while R. graciliflora has shortly branched inflorescences, distylous flowers with either style or anthers exserted, and the calyx truncate or with lobes <1 mm long. The corolla tubes of R. jadinii are 6.5 – 10 cm long, which are much longer than in specimens of R. graciliflora from the Guianas, which are 2 – 5.2 cm long and represent the typical form of the species. However, some collections of R. graciliflora from western Amazonia have the corolla tube length comparable to that of R. jadinii. These have been originally described as R. klugii Standley (1936: 164); their status may have to be re-assessed, but this is outside the scope of this paper. Rudgea graciliflora belongs to the informal “ lanceifolia clade” (Bruniera 2015) which includes species from the Guianas and the in Amazon basin, and R. jadinii probably belongs there as well. It is not known whether R. jadinii is heterostylous; the only flowers seen have the style and anthers both included, the latter well above the former. Eponymy: —This species is named in memory of the Belgian botanist Bernard Jadin (1948–2012), collector of the type and of many other French Guianan plants, together with his wife Frieda Billiet - who is remembered in Philodendron billietiae Croat (1995: 24). Additional specimen examined (paratype): — FRENCH GUIANA. Station des Nouragues, entre les croisements H XXII et I XXII, 27 December 1988 (fl.), D. Loubry 100 (CAY).Published as part of Lachenaud, Olivier, Bruniera, Carla P. & Zappi, Daniela C., 2022, Six new and a little-known species of Rudgea (Rubiaceae-Palicoureeae) from the Guianas, pp. 154-174 in Phytotaxa 531 (3) on page 168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/588621

Rudgea glomerulata Zappi & O. Lachenaud 2022, sp. nov.

&lt;i&gt;Rudgea glomerulata&lt;/i&gt; Zappi &amp; O. Lachenaud, &lt;i&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 3) &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt; Stipulis et bracteis valde laciniatis, calyce tubo conspicuo 1.5 &lt;i&gt;&ndash;&lt;/i&gt; 4 mm longo lobisque triangularibus, inflorescentiis pendulis et disco bipartito&lt;/i&gt; Rudgeae itoupensi &lt;i&gt; valde similis, sed differt bracteis externis maioribus et angustioribus, 9 &lt;i&gt;&ndash;&lt;/i&gt; 28 &times; 2.5 &lt;i&gt;&ndash;&lt;/i&gt; 3.5 mm (vs. ca. 7 &times; 7 mm) apice longe acuminatis et calycibus valde excedentibus, corollaque tubo 18 &lt;i&gt;&ndash;&lt;/i&gt; 20 mm longo (vs. 11.5 mm)&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt; Type: &lt;i&gt;&mdash;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; FRENCH GUIANA. Montagne de Kaw, route de Kaw, p.k. 46, 4&deg;33&rsquo;N, 52&deg;09&rsquo;W, 14 December 1986 (fl.), &lt;i&gt;J.J. de Granville 9075&lt;/i&gt; (holotype, MO [MO-2365274]; isotypes, CAY [CAY079168], P [P03985332], U [U 0130743]).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Shrub&lt;/i&gt;, 1 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 3 m tall, much-branched; terminal branchlets 2&ndash;3 mm thick, densely pubescent with appressed hairs, soon covered with a pale brownish bark. &lt;i&gt;Stipules&lt;/i&gt; consisting of two flat interpetiolar portions, narrowly ovate, 8 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 13 &times; 2 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 5 mm, deeply laciniate with 15 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 20 marginal appendages 1.5&ndash;5 mm long and lacking dorsal appendages, surrounding an internal sheath 2 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 3.5 mm long bearing ca. 10 lateral appendages 1.5 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 3 mm long in the axils of the petioles, pubescent, soon corky and eventually caducous. &lt;i&gt;Leaves&lt;/i&gt; opposite, petiolate; petioles 0.5 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 2 cm long, pubescent like the stems; blades elliptic to narrowly obovate, 10.5 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 24 &times; 3 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 8 cm, acute to obtuse at base, acuminate at apex, the margin slightly revolute, papyraceous to slightly coriaceous when dry, glabrous above, pubescent below with sparse appressed hairs 0.2 mm long, drying olive green to olive brown; midrib convex on both sides, secondary veins 7 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 14 on each side of midrib, weakly ascending, forming loops at 1&ndash;5 mm from the margin; tertiary veins concolorous, prominently and rather laxly reticulate in the dry state; domatia absent. &lt;i&gt;Inflorescences&lt;/i&gt; terminal, capitate to shortly branched, 4.5 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 15 cm long, many-flowered, &plusmn; pendulous, densely appressed hairy; peduncle terete, 2.5 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 13.5 cm long; flowering portion 1 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 3 &times; 2 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 5.5 cm; ramifications absent or very short (&lt;1 mm) at anthesis, sometimes accrescent to 1 cm long in the fruiting stage; bracts green, numerous and long exceeding the calyces, the basal ones lanceolate, 9 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 28 &times; 2.5 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 3.5 mm, deeply and irregularly laciniate towards their base, the upper ones similar but narrower, 9 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 11 &times; 1.5 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 2 mm, all densely appressed hairy outside and glabrous inside. &lt;i&gt;Flowers&lt;/i&gt; (4)5-merous, whether distylous unknown, sessile. &lt;i&gt;Hypanthium&lt;/i&gt; tronco-conical to subcylindrical, 1 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 1.5 mm long, densely villose. &lt;i&gt;Calyx&lt;/i&gt; deeply cupuliform, pubescent outside; tube 1.5 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 4 mm long; lobes triangular, 1 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 2 mm long, the apex acute but often damaged. &lt;i&gt;Corolla&lt;/i&gt; white; tube narrow and almost cylindrical, 18 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 20 &times; 1.5 mm, glabrous throughout; lobes triangular, 4.5 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 6 mm long, broadly corniculate at apex, glabrous on both sides except the cornicula minutely puberulous. &lt;i&gt;Stamens&lt;/i&gt; fully exserted; filaments exserted 3 mm beyond corolla mouth; anthers 2.5 &times; 0.4 mm, dorsifixed. &lt;i&gt;Disk&lt;/i&gt; bipartite, cylindrical, 1 mm long, glabrous. &lt;i&gt;Style&lt;/i&gt; included, 5 mm long, branches 1 mm long. &lt;i&gt;Fruits&lt;/i&gt; ellipsoid to ovoid or rarely subglobose, 15 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 18 &times; 10 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 15 mm when fresh, 7.5 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 17 &times; 7.5 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 13 mm when dry, dark green when immature, pale yellow to yellow-orange when mature, glabrous, on short accrescent pedicel 2 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 5 mm long, crowned with persistent calyx tube; mesocarp yellowish-white. &lt;i&gt;Pyrenes&lt;/i&gt; ellipsoid, 10.5 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 13.5 &times; 8 &lt;b&gt;&ndash;&lt;/b&gt; 9 mm, the dorsal surface minutely verruculose, smooth; seeds with a deep T-shaped ventral furrow.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Distribution and ecology:&lt;/b&gt; &mdash;Only known from northern French Guiana, where it occurs mostly in the northeastern hill ranges (Montagne des Trois Pitons, Nouragues, and eastern side of the Kaw mountain) with an isolated record further west in the Sinnamary basin (Fig. 4). The species occurs in the undergrowth of mature forest, at 90&ndash;400 m elevation.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Phenology:&lt;/b&gt; &mdash;The species was collected with flowers in November and December, corresponding to the beginning of the first rainy season. Immature fruits have been found in February (end of first rainy season) and mature ones from April to July (second rainy season).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conservation status assessment:&mdash;Vulnerable (VU)&lt;/b&gt; (B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)). &lt;i&gt;Rudgea glomerulata&lt;/i&gt; is endemic to French Guiana, and is known from 16 collections, representing eight occurrences. Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is calculated to be 5,026 km &sup2;, within the limit for Vulnerable status under subcriterion B1, and its area of occupancy is estimated to be 40 km &sup2;, within the limit for Endangered status under subcriterion B2. Two of its occurrences are protected in the R&eacute;serve Naturelle des Nouragues and R&eacute;serve Naturelle des Marais de Kaw-Roura. The other occurrences are unprotected but most of them are found in remote areas with currently low level of threat. However, one on the Kaw Mountain is in an area experiencing some level of timber exploitation, and also harboring important bauxite and gold deposits; mining projects there were abandoned in 2008, but may resurface in the future. Another potential threat to this occurrence comes from touristic development and related infrastructure. We may therefore project a decline in habitat extent and quality. The eight occurrences represent eight locations in the sense of IUCN, and the species qualifies for Vulnerable status under the conditions B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Notes:&lt;/b&gt; &mdash;This species is similar to &lt;i&gt;R. itoupensis&lt;/i&gt;, described below; the two are remarkable in the genus by their deeply laciniate bracts and stipules (shallowly laciniate in most other species), &plusmn; pendulous inflorescences, welldeveloped calyx tube, and bipartite disk (the disk in &lt;i&gt;Rudgea&lt;/i&gt; species is usually entire). It differs from &lt;i&gt;R. itoupensis&lt;/i&gt; by its larger and narrower bracts that long exceed the calyces, and its longer corolla tube (Table 2). The two species also have different geographical and altitudinal ranges. In view of their stipule morphology and fruit colour, these species probably belong to the informal &ldquo; &lt;i&gt;lanceifolia&lt;/i&gt; clade&rdquo; defined by Bruniera (2015).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Another species resembling &lt;i&gt;R. glomerulata&lt;/i&gt; is &lt;i&gt;Palicourea yneziae&lt;/i&gt; C.M.Taylor (Taylor 2015: 81) [Syn. &lt;i&gt;Rudgea mexiae&lt;/i&gt; Standley (1936: 165)] from Peru and southern Colombia. This species was recently transferred from &lt;i&gt;Rudgea&lt;/i&gt; to &lt;i&gt;Palicourea&lt;/i&gt;, although it is unusual in the latter genus &ndash; especially due to its fimbriate stipules &ndash; and its placement there is provisional (Taylor 2015: 59&ndash;60). Its stipules, bracts and calyces are quite similar to those of &lt;i&gt;R. glomerulata&lt;/i&gt;, although the leaf venation, disk, and fruit colour are different in both taxa (Table 2). In the absence of phylogenetical analysis including these species, it is unclear whether the resemblance between them is due to convergence or indicative of an affinity.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; There is also some resemblance between &lt;i&gt;R. glomerulata&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;R. lanceifolia&lt;/i&gt;, especially in the shape of the stipules, but the differences are numerous: &lt;i&gt;R. lanceifolia&lt;/i&gt; is a taller plant 3-10 m high, with more strongly ascending secondary leaf veins, an erect and usually branched inflorescence, entire or shortly dentate bracts, a calyx divided almost to the base, a usually longer (17-80 mm) corolla tube that is pubescent on both sides, and fruits dark red when immature and black when mature, crowned with an entire markedly accrescent disk 2-3 mm long and 5-10 mm in diameter.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; The inflorescences of &lt;i&gt;Rudgea glomerulata&lt;/i&gt; are often capitate, but may have short ramifications, especially at the fruiting stage, as the rachis might expand after anthesis. It is not known whether the flowers are heterostylous; the only open flowers seen (on the type) are short-styled.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Two collections, one from the Pakaraima Mountains in Guyana, &lt;i&gt;K.M. Redden, R. Williams, C. Perry, C. Paul &amp; M. Lyle 1927&lt;/i&gt; (P [P01019851]) and the another from Araracuara in Colombia, &lt;i&gt;H. Vester &amp; A. Matapi 754&lt;/i&gt; (L.4195512]), very closely resemble &lt;i&gt;R. glomerulata&lt;/i&gt; in characters of the bracts, inflorescences and stipules, as well as in leaf shape and venation, but have a hirsute (rather than appressed) indumentum on the petioles and lower surface of leaf veins. The former specimen also has a much shorter peduncle, while the latter appears to have an erect inflorescence. More material is required to decide whether these collections are conspecific or not with &lt;i&gt;R. glomerulata&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt; Additional specimens examined (paratypes): &lt;i&gt;&mdash;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; FRENCH GUIANA. Nouragues, 13 May 1985 (fr.), &lt;i&gt;A. Cockle 101&lt;/i&gt; (CAY); Eastern Plateau of Montagne Tortue, 11 km WNW of Approuague River, 4&deg;18&rsquo;N, 52&deg;22&rsquo;W, 12 June 1988 (fr.), &lt;i&gt;C. Feuillet 10045&lt;/i&gt; (K); Station des Nouragues, 4&deg;03&rsquo;N, 52&deg;42&rsquo;W, 22 November 1989, (fl. buds), &lt;i&gt;G. Cremers 10928&lt;/i&gt; (CAY); for&ecirc;t sur la rive gauche de l&rsquo;Arataye, &agrave; environ 2 km du Saut Parar&eacute;, 14 February 1969 (imm. fr.), &lt;i&gt;J.J. de Granville 82&lt;/i&gt; (CAY, P); estuaire de l&rsquo;Oyapock, entre le village de Petit Toucouchi et la montagne des Trois Pitons, 20 January 1981 (fallen fl.), &lt;i&gt;J.J. de Granville 4279&lt;/i&gt; (CAY, P, U); Kaw: Montagne Favard, 20 April 1984 (fr.), &lt;i&gt;J.J. de Granville 6880&lt;/i&gt; (CAY, MO); Montagne de Kaw, extr&eacute;mit&eacute; est, versant sud, 3 November 1985 (fallen fl.), &lt;i&gt;J.J. de Granville 8245&lt;/i&gt; (CAY, MO); Station des Nouragues, 4&deg;03&rsquo;N, 52&deg;42&rsquo;W, 23 February 1991 (imm. fr.), &lt;i&gt;J.J. de Granville 11173&lt;/i&gt; (CAY, MO); D.Z. de Crique Jupiter, bassin du Sinnamary, 24 April 1991 (imm. fr.), &lt;i&gt;J.J. de Granville, C. Roesel &amp; L. Brothers 11497&lt;/i&gt; (CAY); Station des Nouragues, 4&deg;03&rsquo;N, 52&deg;42&rsquo;W, June 1989 (fr.), &lt;i&gt;D. Larpin 643&lt;/i&gt; (CAY); mont&eacute;e du Pic des Trois Pitons, 9 June 1980 (fr.), &lt;i&gt;C. Moretti 1166&lt;/i&gt; (CAY, P); Nouragues Field Station, 4&deg;05&rsquo;N, 52&deg;40&rsquo;W, 27 February 2002 (imm. fr.), &lt;i&gt;S.A. Mori, F. Blanchard &amp; T.A. Lobova 25483&lt;/i&gt; (CAY, NY, P); Arataye (affluent de l&rsquo;Approuague) au saut n&deg;1, rive droite, 10 February 1969 (imm. fr.), &lt;i&gt;R.A.A. Oldeman B-2127&lt;/i&gt; (CAY); Fleuve Arataye, Saut Parar&eacute;, 27 July 1984 (fr.), &lt;i&gt;B. Ri&eacute;ra 659&lt;/i&gt; (CAY); station des Nouragues, bassin de l&rsquo;Arataye, 4&deg;03&rsquo;N, 52&deg;42&rsquo;W, 11 July 1989 (fr.), &lt;i&gt;D. Sabatier &amp; M.-F. Pr&eacute;vost 2533&lt;/i&gt; (CAY, P, U).&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Lachenaud, Olivier, Bruniera, Carla P. &amp; Zappi, Daniela C., 2022, Six new and a little-known species of Rudgea (Rubiaceae-Palicoureeae) from the Guianas, pp. 154-174 in Phytotaxa 531 (3)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 159-162, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.1, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5886210"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/5886210&lt;/a&gt

Linfoma de Hodgkin em baixa faixa etária: relato de dois casos Hodgkin's lymphoma in young children: two cases report

Relato de dois casos de pacientes do sexo masculino com linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) e idades inferiores a 5 anos apresentando linfonodomegalias com evolução de alguns meses e seguimento em nosso serviço. Os estudos imuno-histopatológicos do tumor confirmaram linfoma de Hodgkin, esclerose nodular e positividade para o vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV) em material tumoral, em ambos os casos. Após período de 13 meses em remissão completa houve recidiva em um dos pacientes, mostrando doença agressiva. A análise laboratorial do tumor mostrou as mesmas características da doença inicial, e mantendo a positividade ao EBV. Uma exposição mais precoce e intensa ao EBV poderia aumentar o risco para formas muito precoces da doença e a inesperada evolução poderia estar ligada à associação do subtipo histológico e positividade ao EBV.The cases of two male under five-year-olds diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as lymphadenopathy in evolution for some months and treated in our hospital are reported. Immunohistopathological findings of the tumors proved the existence of Hodgkin's lymphoma nodular sclerosis and positive Epstein-Barr virus in tumoral material in both cases. After 13 months of complete remission one of the patients relapsed and presented aggressive disease. Laboratorial analyses of the tumor showed the same characteristics as the initial disease including positive Epstein-Barr virus. Early and intense exposure to Epstein-Barr virus may increase the risk related to the very early development of the disease and the unexpected evolution may be connected to the association of the histological subtype and the positive Epstein-Barr virus