Mémoires et autobiographie dans les Souvenances canadiennes de Henri-Raymond Casgrain

Les Souvenances canadiennes de Henri-Raymond Casgrain sont un texte inédit de 1 122 pages rédigées entre 1899 et 1902 dont il convient, après 110 ans, à défaut de n’avoir pu jusqu’ici être publié pour respecter la volonté même du mémorialiste, d’analyser la pertinence mémoriale et autobiographique. Sur le plan du contenu, l’oeuvre ne révèle rien de nouveau aux historiographes de la littérature, sinon la modernité des opinions de Casgrain sur l’importance pour les intellectuels québécois d’élargir leurs horizons en voyageant, et sur les aspects éthiques de l’industrialisation et de l’impéralisme américain. L’étude du plan formel est beaucoup plus révélatrice. Ces pages naviguent constamment à la jonction des attentes épistémologiques propres soit au genre mémorial soit à celui de l’autobiographie. Le transfert de la mémoire et la transmission des impressions de vie se font presque sans tracé critique. Au point où, lorsque le mémorialiste devient littéralement aveugle, l’oeuvre s’anéantit elle-même, implose, car elle s’arc-boute encore plus sur un copier-coller de textes antérieurs dont la mémoire est dépassée.Henri-Raymond Casgrain’s Souvenances canadiennes is a 1122-page text written between 1899 and 1902. While the text has never been published in compliance with the memorialist’s wishes, after 110 years it is appropriate to analyze its relevance as memoir and autobiography. In terms of content, the work does not provide any new information for literary historians, except the modernity of Casgrain’s opinions on the importance for Quebec intellectuals to widen their horizons by travelling, and on the ethical aspects of industrialization and American imperialism. A study of the work’s formal aspects is much more revealing. The text constantly navigates the junction of epistemological expectations related to the genres of either memoir or autobiography. Memory is transferred, and life impressions are conveyed, almost without critical outlining—to the point where, when the memorialist literally goes blind, the work abolishes itself, imploding as it increasingly relies on a cut-and-paste of previous texts whose memory has been overtaken.Las Remenbranzas canadienses, de Henri-Raymond Casgrain, constituyen un texto inédito de 1122 páginas redactadas entre 1899 y 1902 y de las cuales es conveniente, al cabo de 110 años, a falta de no haberse podido publicar hasta la fecha y para cumplir el deseo del memorialista mismo, analizar su pertinencia memorial y autobiográfica. En lo que respecta a su contenido, la obra no revela nada nuevo a los historiógrafos de la literatura, excepto la modernidad de las opiniones de Casgrain sobre la importancia, para los intelectuales quebequenses, de ampliar sus horizontes viajando, y sobre los aspectos éticos de la industrialización y el imperialismo estadounidenses. El estudio del plano formal es mucho más revelador. Estas páginas navegan constantemente en la confluencia de las expectativas epistemológicas propias, ya sea en el género memorial o en el de la autobiografía. La transferencia de la memoria y la transmisión de las impresiones de vida se hacen prácticamente sin trazado crítico, hasta tal punto que, cuando el memorialista llega a ser literalmente ciego, la obra se desvanece por sí misma, implosiona, ya que se apoya aún más en una operación de ‘copiar y pegar’ de textos anteriores, cuya memoria es obsoleta

Comparison of Drosophila melanogaster Embryo and Adult Proteome by SWATH-MS Reveals Differential Regulation of Protein Synthesis, Degradation Machinery, and Metabolism Modules.

An important area of modern biology consists of understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype. However, to understand this relationship it is essential to investigate one of the principal links between them: the proteome. With the development of recent mass-spectrometry approaches, it is now possible to quantify entire proteomes and thus relate them to different phenotypes. Here, we present a comparison of the proteome of two extreme developmental states in the well-established model organism Drosophila melanogaster: adult and embryo. Protein modules such as ribosome, proteasome, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, or oxidative phosphorylation were found differentially expressed between the two developmental stages. Analysis of post-translation modifications of the proteins identified in this study indicates that they generally follow the same trend as their corresponding protein. Comparison between changes in the proteome and the transcriptome highlighted patterns of post-transcriptional regulation for the subunits of protein complexes such as the ribosome and the proteasome, whereas protein from modules such as TCA cycle, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation seem to be coregulated at the transcriptional level. Finally, the impact of the endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis on the proteome of both developmental states was also investigated.BBSR

Les espaces de cuisine d’un édifice public ou collectif d’<i>Augustonemetum</i>/Clermont-Ferrand (Puy-de-Dôme)

International audienceDuring the excavations of Carré Jaude 2 in Clermont-Ferrand, a building, identified as a schola, has been partially uncovered adjacent to a vast public square. Built in the middle of the 2nd century AD, it was burnt down, during the 3rd quarter of the 3rd century. A series of service rooms located to the south of richly decorated public latrines, with an ornamental basin, are mainly devoted to activities such as cooking: a main kitchen, equipped with two tiled ovens and a rectangular stonework construction which could be a raised hob; a room equipped with a flat tiled hearth and manhole access to a drain; another room with a hydraulic concrete floor probably contained a water tank; a utility room contained a large stone mortar set into the floor; a storeroom for stocking foodstuffs and crockery. The interpretation of this archaeological complex is also documented by a religious inscription uncovered in the demolition layers of one of the rooms and the analysis of the finds and the plant and animal remains.Dans le cadre des fouilles du Carré Jaude 2 à Clermont-Ferrand, a été partiellement reconnu un édifice interprété comme une schola, implanté à proximité d’une grande place publique. Construit vers le milieu du IIe s. apr. J. C., il a été incendié vers le troisième quart du IIIe s. Au sud de latrines collectives richement décorées, associées à un bassin ornemental, se développe une série de pièces de service en grande partie dévolues à la préparation de repas : une cuisine principale équipée de deux fours en tuiles et d’une structure maçonnée rectangulaire pouvant correspondre à la base d’une table de cuisson ; une pièce pourvue d’un foyer plat en tuiles et d’un regard d’accès à l’égout ; une salle dotée d’un sol de béton hydraulique, qui abritait probablement une cuve d’eau ; un local comportant un grand mortier de broyage encastré dans le sol ; une resserre réservée au stockage de denrées et de vaisselle. Cet ensemble est documenté par l’étude d’une inscription religieuse découverte dans les niveaux de destruction de l’une des pièces, ainsi que par l’analyse du mobilier et des restes fauniques et carpologiques

Cestode infections in non-human primates suggest the existence of zoonotic cycles in the area surrounding the Strasbourg primatology center

Background: Several cases of infections due to Echinococcus multilocularis, Taenia martis and Taenia crassiceps were recently described in various species of captive non-human primates (NHPs) harbored in the Strasbourg Primate Center (SPC). Furthermore, one of the first cases of human cysticercosis due to T. martis was described in the Strasbourg region. These data suggest the existence of zoonotic cycles of tapeworm infections in the direct environment of the SPC. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of larval cestode infections among intermediate and definitive hosts in the close neighborhood of the center. We analyzed carnivore mammal fecal samples as well as rodent carcasses, collected inside or near the SPC, using PCR. Furthermore, we performed serology for Echinococcus spp. and Taenia spp. on NHP sera. Results: We found that 14.5% (95% CI [8.6; 20.4]) of 138 carnivore feces were positive for E. multilocularis-DNA, as well as 25% (95% CI [5.5; 57.2]) of 12 rodent carcasses, and 5.1% (95% CI [1.4; 8.7]) for T. martis or T. crassiceps. Of all NHPs tested, 10.1% (95% CI [3.8; 16.4]) were seropositive for Echinococcus spp. and 8.2% (95% CI [1.3; 15.1]) for Taenia spp. Conclusions: Our data support the existence of zoonotic cycles of larval cestode infections in the direct environment of the primatology center affecting NHPs harbored in the SPC, potentially threatening the human population living in this area. Since this zoonotic risk is borne by local wildlife, and given the severity of these infections, it seems necessary to put in place measures to protect captive NHPs, and further studies to better assess the risk to human populations

High-sensitivity microsatellite instability assessment for the detection of mismatch repair defects in normal tissue of biallelic germline mismatch repair mutation carriers

Introduction: Lynch syndrome (LS) and constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) are hereditary cancer syndromes associated with mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency. Tumours show microsatellite instability (MSI), also reported at low levels in non-neoplastic tissues. Our aim was to evaluate the performance of high-sensitivity MSI (hs-MSI) assessment for the identification of LS and CMMRD in non-neoplastic tissues. Materials and methods: Blood DNA samples from 131 individuals were grouped into three cohorts: baseline (22 controls), training (11 CMMRD, 48 LS and 15 controls) and validation (18 CMMRD and 18 controls). Custom next generation sequencing panel and bioinformatics pipeline were used to detect insertions and deletions in microsatellite markers. An hs-MSI score was calculated representing the percentage of unstable markers. Results: The hs-MSI score was significantly higher in CMMRD blood samples when compared with controls in the training cohort (p<0.001). This finding was confirmed in the validation set, reaching 100% specificity and sensitivity. Higher hs-MSI scores were detected in biallelic MSH2 carriers (n=5) compared with MSH6 carriers (n=15). The hs-MSI analysis did not detect a difference between LS and control blood samples (p=0.564). Conclusions: The hs-MSI approach is a valuable tool for CMMRD diagnosis, especially in suspected patients harbouring MMR variants of unknown significance or non-detected biallelic germline mutations. Keywords: constitutional mismatch repair deficiency; highly sensitive methodologies; lynch syndrome; microsatellite instability; next generation sequencing

Integrated immunovirological profiling validates plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA as an early predictor of COVID-19 mortality.

peer reviewedDespite advances in COVID-19 management, identifying patients evolving toward death remains challenging. To identify early predictors of mortality within 60 days of symptom onset (DSO), we performed immunovirological assessments on plasma from 279 individuals. On samples collected at DSO11 in a discovery cohort, high severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA (vRNA), low receptor binding domain–specific immunoglobulin G and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and elevated cytokines and tissue injury markers were strongly associated with mortality, including in patients on mechanical ventilation. A three-variable model of vRNA, with predefined adjustment by age and sex, robustly identified patients with fatal outcome (adjusted hazard ratio for log-transformed vRNA = 3.5). This model remained robust in independent validation and confirmation cohorts. Since plasma vRNA’s predictive accuracy was maintained at earlier time points, its quantitation can help us understand disease heterogeneity and identify patients who may benefit from new therapies