Extension of thickened and hot lithospheres: Inferences from laboratory modeling

The extension of a previously thickened lithosphere is studied through a series of analogue experiments. The models deformed in free and boundary-controlled gravity spreading conditions that simulate the development of wide rift-type and core complex-type structures. In models, the development of structures mainly depends on boundary velocity and therefore on bulk strain rate. Wide rifts are of tilted block-type at high strain rate and of horst- and graben-type at low strain rate. The development of metamorphic core complex-type structures is enhanced by low strain rates and by the presence of weak heterogeneities within the ductile crust. Core complexes result from a necking instability of the upper crust creating a graben, which further widens, allowing the rise and exhumation of a ductile layer dome. An upward convex detachment, flat on top of the dome and steeper on dome limb, appears not to be the primary cause of the core complex development but its consequence. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union

Pull-apart basin formation and development in narrow transform zones with application to the Dead Sea Basin

Contrary to other examples, like Death Valley, California, and the Sea of Marmara, Turkey, the Dead Sea-type pull-apart basins form within a narrow transform corridor between strike-slip faults that are less than 10 km apart, much smaller than the crustal thickness of 35 km. In this paper we investigate the role of fault zone width versus thickness and rheology on the mechanics of pull-apart basins through a series of laboratory experiments. Results show that pull-apart basins that develop above a small step over (i.e., smaller than the thickness of the brittle layer") are narrow and elongated parallel to the overall motion. This is enhanced by increased decoupling along a basal ductile layer. The experiment with the highest degree of mechanical decoupling shows a striking resemblance to the Dead Sea Basin (DSB). Comparison with modeling results suggests that the DSB's flat basin floor is bordered over its full length by strike-slip faults that control the basin geometry and temporal and spatial basin migration. This is in strong contrast to Death Valley-type pull-apart basins that are highly oblique to the transform direction with transverse normal faults dominating over longitudinal strike-slip faults. Results imply that lithosphere rheology and the ratio of basin width to crustal thickness are controlling factors in the mechanics of pull-apart basin formation within transform corridors like the Dead Sea Fault. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union

Simulation of free surface and molten metal behavior during induction melting of an aluminium alloy

International audienceElectromagnetic forces are widely used for processing metal alloys in particular in the aluminium casting industry. Induction is used in melting technologies (both crucible and channel induction furnaces). Magnetic stirrers are also used in melting or casting furnaces. However these technologies applied to opaque melts require modelling to be done to understand the resultant impact on the fluid and improve the process control. This is especially the case of crucible induction furnaces. A 2D axially symmetric numerical model describing the coupled magnetohydrodynamic and free surface phenomena taking place in an induction metal bath has been developed. The model uses the Ansys Fluent software, supplemented with additional User Defined Functions for the calculation of the Lorentz forces acting on the metal. The calculation of the shape of the free surface is based on the Volume Of Fluid method and a RANS k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) approach is used to describe the turbulent stirring of the metal. An original feature of our model is the consideration of an oxide skin covering the metal free surface. It was considered that the oxide film behaves similarly to a deforming wall and that friction effects between the oxide film and the metal result in the development of a shear stress at the top surface of the melt. Two examples of application of model are reported, for lab scale and industrial scale induction furnaces. The lab scale results are compared with measurements of the free surface shape obtained using a fringe projection technique

ANALISIS PENGARUH CAR, NIM, LDR DAN NPL TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK DENGAN VARIABEL KONTROL FIRM SIZE (Studi Empiris pada Bank Umum Go Public Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2013-2017)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of CAR, NIM, LDR and NPL on the profitability of a Go Public Commercial Bank with Size as kontrol variable. Profitability is proxied by ROA as a measure of the size of profit that produced. The sample in this study is a Go Public commercial bank that listed on the IDX (Indonesia Stock Exchange) during the period 2013-2017. The number of samples were 21 banks taken by purposive sampling method. The analytical method of this study uses multiple linear regression with the SPSS 25 program which has previously passed the classic assumption test. The results of this study indicate that CAR has a positive but not significant effect on ROA. NIM has a positive and significant effect on ROA. NPL has a negative and significant effect on ROA. LDR has a positive but not significant effect on ROA. While using size as a kontrol variable indicates that CAR has a positive and significant effect on ROA

Decoherence of Histories and Hydrodynamic Equations for a Linear Oscillator Chain

We investigate the decoherence of histories of local densities for linear oscillators models. It is shown that histories of local number, momentum and energy density are approximately decoherent, when coarse-grained over sufficiently large volumes. Decoherence arises directly from the proximity of these variables to exactly conserved quantities (which are exactly decoherent), and not from environmentally-induced decoherence. We discuss the approach to local equilibrium and the subsequent emergence of hydrodynamic equations for the local densities.Comment: 37 pages, RevTe

Exophiala dermatitidis Revealing Cystic Fibrosis in Adult Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Disease

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic inherited disease due to mutations in the gene cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Because of the huge diversity of CFTR mutations, the CF phenotypes are highly heterogeneous, varying from typical to mild form of CF, also called atypical CF. These atypical features are more frequently diagnosed at adolescence or adulthood, and among clinical signs and symptoms leading to suspect a mild form of CF, colonization or infection of the respiratory tract due to well-known CF pathogens should be a warning signal. Exophiala dermatitidis is a melanized dimorphic fungus commonly detected in respiratory specimens from CF patients, but only very rarely from respiratory specimens from non-CF patients. We described here two cases of chronic colonization of the airways by E. dermatitidis, with recurrent pneumonia and hemoptysis in one patient, which led clinicians to diagnose mild forms of CF in these elderly patients who were 68- and 87-year-old. These cases of late CF diagnosis suggest that airway colonization or respiratory infections due to E. dermatitidis in patients with bronchiectasis should led to search for a mild form of CF, regardless of the age and associated symptoms. On a broader level, in patients with chronic respiratory disease and recurrent pulmonary infections, an allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis or an airway colonization by CF-related fungi like E. dermatitidis or some Aspergillus, Scedosporium or Rasamsonia species, should be considered as potential markers of atypical CF and should led clinicians to conduct investigations for CF diagnosis

Magnetically textured y-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in a silica gel matrix: structural and magnetic properties

International audienceThis paper is devoted to magnetic and structural properties of anisotropic g -Fe2O3 superparamagnetic particles dispersed in a transparent xerogel matrix. The effect of frozen anisotropy axes and magnetic texture, induced by a magnetic field applied during the solidification of the matrix on the in-field magnetization process, is studied by alternating gradient force magnetometry and first and second order magneto-optical effects. The changes of magnetization curves with respect to the ferrofluid solution at the same particle concentration are interpreted on the basis of an existing statistical approach extended to systems with particle size distribution, which has to be taken into account for real samples. A very good agreement between the experiment and theory was achieved for a log-normal distribution of diameters which well resembles that deduced from electron microscopy observations in different imaging modes. This structural analysis states the parameter values used in calculations and confirms the relevance of basic assumptions of the model for the specimens studied. The experimental results and the related theoretical discussion should be of use to understand magnetic properties of other magnetically textured superparamagnetic system

Effect of chromophore-chromophore electrostatic interactions in the NLO response of functionalized organic-inorganic sol-gel materials

In the last years, important non-linear optical results on sol-gel and polymeric materials have been reported, with values comparable to those found in crystals. These new materials contain push-pull chromophores either incorporated as guest in a high Tg polymeric matrix (doped polymers) or grafted onto the polymeric matrix. These systems present several advantages; however they require significant improvement at the molecular level - by designing optimized chromophores with very large molecular figure of merit, specific to each application targeted. Besides, it was recently stated in polymers that the chromophore-chromophore electrostatic interactions, which are dependent of chromophore concentration, have a strong effect into their non-linear optical properties. This has not been explored at all in sol-gel systems. In this work, the sol-gel route was used to prepare hybrid organic-inorganic thin films with different NLO chromophores grafted into the skeleton matrix. Combining a molecular engineering strategy for getting a larger molecular figure of merit and by controlling the intermolecular dipole-dipole interactions through both: the tuning of the push-pull chromophore concentration and the control of TEOS (Tetraethoxysilane) concentration, we have obtained a r33 coefficient around 15 pm/V at 633 nm for the classical DR1 azo-chromophore and a r33 around 50 pm/V at 831 nm for a new optimized chromophore structure.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, 1 tabl

Genetic analysis of growth traits in the progeny of rabbit does from a diallel cross

[EN] An experiment was carried out to estimate the genetic group effects and the crossbreeding genetic parameters of growth traits [body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)] in rabbits during fattening between 28 and 63 d. The rabbits were the progeny of does coming from a full diallel cross between 4 maternal lines (A, V, H and LP) mated to bucks of the paternal line R. On thousand fifty five  rabbits were controlled and the traits were recorded weekly, with the cage as the experimental unit for FI and FCR (283 cages). The genetic group (V line) was present in all farms in order to connect records among them and to be used as reference group. Crossbreeding parameters were estimated according to the Dickerson model. Regarding dam effects between pure lines for BW at weaning, A line was the heaviest and showed significant differences with LP and V lines (61 and 30 g, respectively). Upon completion of the fattening period, the differences in favour of A line for BW at weaning were compensated. Throughout the fattening period, no significant differences were observed between the lines as dam lines. At the end of the fattening period, no significant differences were observed between the crossbred groups. Regarding the reciprocal effects, the most relevant results were the significances for FCR in favour of H as sire line. For all traits, the confidence intervals at 95% of all contrast and effects were large. The estimates of maternal heterosis were, in general, negative, which could be a consequence of the positive heterosis for litter size. The AH cross showed significant maternal heterosis for BW at 43 d (–53 g), ADG between 28 and 42 d (–3.5 g/d), FI between 28 and 63 d (–7 g/d) and FCR between 42 and 63 d (–0.15). The combination of direct and maternal effects of the V line was the worst for all growth traits, showing significant differences with the LP line for most of them, for instance 0.13 worse FCR between 28 and 63 d. Grand-maternal effects were less important than direct-maternal.This work was supported by the Spanish project AGL2011-30170- C02-01 from the Spanish National Research Plan. C. Minguez acknowledges a Formacion de Personal Investigador (FPI) grant from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MEC), Spain.Mínguez, C.; Sánchez, J.; Brun, J.; Ragab, M.; El Nagar, A.; Baselga, M. (2015). Genetic analysis of growth traits in the progeny of rabbit does from a diallel cross. World Rabbit Science. 23(4):211-224. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2015.3593SWORD21122423