23 research outputs found
Association between computed tomography perfusion and the effect of intravenous alteplase prior to endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke
PurposeIntravenous alteplase (IVT) prior to endovascular treatment (EVT) is neither superior nor noninferior to EVT alone in acute ischemic stroke patients. We aim to assess whether the effect of IVT prior to EVT differs according to CT perfusion (CTP)-based imaging parameters.MethodsIn this retrospective post hoc analysis, we included patients from the MR CLEAN-NO IV with available CTP data. CTP data were processed using syngo.via (version VB40). We performed multivariable logistic regression to obtain the effect size estimates (adjusted common odds ratio a[c]OR) on 90-day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]) and functional independence (mRS 0-2) for CTP parameters with two-way multiplicative interaction terms between IVT administration and the studied parameters.ResultsIn 227 patients, median CTP-estimated core volume was 13 (IQR 5-35) mL. The treatment effect of IVT prior to EVT on outcome was not altered by CTP-estimated ischemic core volume, penumbral volume, mismatch ratio, and presence of a target mismatch profile. None of the CTP parameters was significantly associated with functional outcome after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionIn directly admitted patients with limited CTP-estimated ischemic core volumes who presented within 4.5 h after symptom onset, CTP parameters did not statistically significantly alter the treatment effect of IVT prior to EVT. Further studies are needed to confirm these results in patients with larger core volumes and more unfavorable baseline perfusion profiles on CTP imaging.Paroxysmal Cerebral Disorder
Detection and localization of HIV-1 DNA in renal tissues by in situ polymerase chain reaction
The localization of HIV-1 DNA in renal
tissues is critically important for understanding
pathogenesis of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN),
but the clarification has been technically challenging.
We applied in situ polymerase chain reaction (IS-PCR)
to human renal tissues to demonstrate viral entry into the
renal epithelial cells in vivo.
To test the specificity of this method and to
determine the cell types infected, we used IS-PCR
followed by in situ hybridization (ISH) and IS-PCR
followed by immunohistochemistry and histochemical
counterstains.
Brief 2 hour fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde had
92.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detection of
viral DNA in renal biopsies of HIVAN patients,
compared to 70.8% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity in
renal biopsies fixed overnight in 10% formalin. Under
optimized conditions, the only signals detectable in HIV-
1 seronegative cases were false positives attributable to
renal tubular apoptosis. In HIVAN cases, positive signal
was observed in podocytes, parietal cells, renal tubular
cells, and interstitial leukocytes. Immunohistochemical
co-labeling for pan-T cell and macrophage markers
revealed that the interstitial leukocytes with positivity
for HIV-1 DNA included both T cells and macrophages Application of ISH after IS-PCR showed the same
distribution of signal as observed using IS-PCR alone,
confirming the specificity of the technique.
IS-PCR is a powerful technique to detect viral DNA
in human tissue sections, but requires proper use of
negative controls to set optimal fixation, protein
digestion, and amplification conditions