Distribution of nutritive compounds and sensory quality in the leafs of chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.)

The distribution of sulphur, thio-sulphinates (pyruvic acid method), SSC, colour, fresh- and dry matter was analysed in three sections, base, centre, and tip, along the leaf tube of chives. Also the intensity of 28 sensory attributes was determined in these sections by a trained quantitative, descriptive panel. The sections differed in their mouthfeel attributes – centre and basis were juicier and crisper than the tips, which were strawy/fibrous and drier. At higher pyruvic acid and SSC concentrations in the tips, more punceny and sweetness was expected, but no increased values were found. Very low juiciness to convey pungent and sweet compounds and very low fresh matter related to leaf length were identified as possible reasons for this inconsistency

Measuring the Hausdorff Dimension of Quantum Mechanical Paths

We measure the propagator length in imaginary time quantum mechanics by Monte Carlo simulation on a lattice and extract the Hausdorff dimension $d_{H}$. We find that all local potentials fall into the same universality class giving $d_{H}=2$ like the free motion. A velocity dependent action ($S \propto \int dt \mid \vec{v} \mid^{\alpha}$) in the path integral (e.g. electrons moving in solids, or Brueckner's theory of nuclear matter) yields $d_{H}=\frac{\alpha }{\alpha - 1}$ if $\alpha > 2$ and $d_{H}=2$ if $\alpha \leq 2$. We discuss the relevance of fractal pathes in solid state physics and in $QFT$, in particular for the Wilson loop in $QCD$.Comment: uuencoded and compressed shell archive file. 8 pages with 7 figure

Indigenous entrepreneurship: Closing the gap on local terms

Within the federal government ‘Closing the Gap’ policy context this paper reports on local entrepreneurial activities by local Yolngu people in East Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory. Particular attention is directed to members of the Rirratjingu clan in the town of Yirrkala. We describe how the activities of a local social enterprise offer pathways for the creation of income, employment and social capital within the local community and where the protection of cultural vitality and integrity is axiomatic. The findings point to the need for more flexible policy approaches, to enable the establishment and growth of Indigenous business activities outside the economic mainstream. We echo the calls in the literature for policy support for what has been described as the ‘hybrid economy’, which allows for participation in both economic and cultural activities

Australian indigenous social enterprise: Measuring performance

Purpose Using an integrated framework for performance management of nonprofit organisations, this paper presents an analysis of the activities of an Indigenous social enterprise in the town of Yirrkala in northeast Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. The evaluation focuses on the social effectiveness of the organisation and its ability to help generate income and employment and drive social capital creation. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is informed by data derived from ‘yarns’ with social enterprise staff and semi-structured interviews conducted with key informants who were selected using snowball sampling. Data were transcribed and analysed thematically. Findings The analysis reveals that the organisation provides a successful community-based pathway to increasing Indigenous economic participation on local terms at a time of regional economic decline and high levels of Indigenous unemployment nationally. Practical implications The measured effectiveness of Nuwul highlights the need for targeted policy support for Indigenous enterprises and that social entrepreneurship is far more likely to be successful in a supportive government policy environment. a critical need for government-initiated policies to encourage the formation of Indigenous social enterprises that are entrepreneurial and innovative in their solutions to poverty and marginalization. Such policies should not only aid the establishment of Indigenous ventures but also facilitate their long-term growth and sustainability. Originality/value While Indigenous entrepreneurial activities have been found to be effective in addressing Indigenous disadvantage in Australia, little is known about their community impact. The article provides original empirically grounded research on the measurement of Indigenous entrepreneurial activities and their wider community impact. The data show, against the backdrop of mixed results of government efforts to drive Indigenous economic mainstreaming, that the entrepreneurial activities analyzed in this paper are an example of more flexible and culturally appropriate pathways to achieving Indigenous equality in rural and remote regions of Australia

Report from solar physics

A discussion of the nature of solar physics is followed by a brief review of recent advances in the field. These advances include: the first direct experimental confirmation of the central role played by thermonuclear processes in stars; the discovery that the 5-minute oscillations of the Sun are a global seismic phenomenon that can be used as a probe of the structure and dynamical behavior of the solar interior; the discovery that the solar magnetic field is subdivided into individual flux tubes with field strength exceeding 1000 gauss. Also covered was a science strategy for pure solar physics. Brief discussions are given of solar-terrestrial physics, solar/stellar relationships, and suggested space missions

Indigenous entrepreneurship: Closing the gap on local terms

Australian federal government policy over the last ten years has renewed the focus on closing the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, targeting chiefly improvements in health and economic participation among Indigenous people. Thus far, however, the results have been mixed, in part because of the endurance of Indigenous socio-economic disadvantage in Australia which cannot be expected to be undone within a matter of years. Failure to deliver better policy outcomes, however, can also be seen as a function of an inflexible policy design, which aims at the mainstreaming of Indigenous communities on non-Indigenous terms, whilst militating against the potential for Indigenous entrepreneurial activities especially in rural and remote regions.Against this policy background, this paper reports on local entrepreneurial activities by local Yolngu clans in East Arnhem Land in the Northern Territories (NT). In particular, attention is directed to local for-profit and not-for-profit activities by members of the Gumatj clan south of the regional centre of Nhulunbuy and the Rirratjingu operations in the town Yirrkala respectively. The paper describes how the ventures run by the Gumatj and Rirratjingu clans offer pathways for the creation of income, employment and social capital within the respective local communities whilst also being axiomatic in the protection of cultural vitality and integrity. The findings point to the need for more flexible approaches to policy design and delivery, enabling the establishment and growth of Indigenous business activities outside the economic mainstream targeted by federal government policy. As such, the authors echo calls in the literature for policy support for what has been described as the 'hybrid economy', which allows for participation in both economic and cultural activities both of which are crucial for Indigenous future well-being as they are for any cultural group

Nuclear shell-model calculations for 6Li and 14N with different NN potentials

Two ``phase-shift equivalent'' local NN potentials with different parametrizations, Reid93 and NijmII, which were found to give nearly identical results for the triton by Friar et al, are shown to yield remarkably similar results for 6Li and 14N in a (0+2)hw no-core space shell-model calculation. The results are compared with those for the widely used Hamada-Johnson hard-core and the original Reid soft-core potentials, which have larger deuteron D-state percentages. The strong correlation between the tensor strength and the nuclear binding energy is confirmed. However, many nuclear-structure properties seem to be rather insensitive to the details of the NN potential and, therefore, cannot be used to test various NN potentials. (Submitted to Phys. Rev. C on Nov. 9, 1993 as a Brief Report.)Comment: 12 text pages and 1 figure (Figure available upon request), University of Arizona Physics Preprint (Number not yet assigned

Simple approximation for the starting-energy-independent two-body effective interaction with applications to 6Li

We apply the Lee-Suzuki iteration method to calculate the linked-folded diagram series for a new Nijmegen local NN potential. We obtain an exact starting-energy-independent effective two-body interaction for a multi-shell, no-core, harmonic-oscillator model space. It is found that the resulting effective-interaction matrix elements can be well approximated by the Brueckner G-matrix elements evaluated at starting energies selected in a simple way. These starting energies are closely related to the energies of the initial two-particle states in the ladder diagrams. The ``exact'' and approximate effective interactions are used to calculate the energy spectrum of 6Li in order to test the utility of the approximate form.Comment: 15 text pages and 2 PostScript figures (available upon request). University of Arizona preprint, Number unassigne

Auxiliary potential in no-core shell-model calculations

The Lee-Suzuki iteration method is used to include the folded diagrams in the calculation of the two-body effective interaction $v^{(2)}_{\rm eff}$ between two nucleons in a no-core model space. This effective interaction still depends upon the choice of single-particle basis utilized in the shell-model calculation. Using a harmonic-oscillator single-particle basis and the Reid-soft-core {\it NN} potential, we find that $v^{(2)}_{\rm eff}$ overbinds ^4\mbox{He} in 0, 2, and $4\hbar\Omega$ model spaces. As the size of the model space increases, the amount of overbinding decreases significantly. This problem of overbinding in small model spaces is due to neglecting effective three- and four-body forces. Contributions of effective many-body forces are suppressed by using the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock single-particle Hamiltonian.Comment: 14 text pages and 4 figures (in postscript, available upon request). AZ-PH-TH/94-2

The Relationship of Coronal Mass Ejections to Streamers

We have examined images from the Large Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO) to study the relationship of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) to coronal streamers. We wish to test the suggestion (Low 1996) that CMEs arise from flux ropes embedded in a streamer erupting, thus disrupting the streamer. The data span a period of two years near sunspot minimum through a period of increased activity as sunspot numbers increased. We have used LASCO data from the C2 coronagraph which records Thomson scattered white light from coronal electrons at heights between 1.5 and 6R_sun. Maps of the coronal streamers have been constructed from LASCO C2 observations at a height of 2.5R_sun at the east and west limbs. We have superposed the corresponding positions of CMEs observed with the C2 coronagraph onto the synoptic maps. We identified the different kinds of signatures CMEs leave on the streamer structure at this height (2.5R_sun). We find four types of CMEs with respect to their effect on streamers: 1. CMEs that disrupt the streamer 2. CMEs that have no effect on the streamer, even though they are related to it. 3. CMEs that create streamer-like structures 4. CMEs that are latitudinally displaced from the streamer. This is the most extensive observational study of the relation between CMEs and streamers to date. Previous studies using SMM data have made the general statement that CMEs are mostly associated with streamers, and that they frequently disrupt it. However, we find that approximately 35% of the observed CMEs bear no relation to the pre-existing streamer, while 46% have no effect on the observed streamer, even though they appear to be related to it. Our conclusions thus differ considerably from those of previous studies.Comment: Accepted, Journal of Geophysical Research. 8 figs, better versions at http://www.science.gmu.edu/~prasads/streamer.htm