De siste dager og timer: Hvordan kan sykepleieren gi bedre psykisk omsorg ved livets slutt

Vi har alle tre opplevd dødsfall i praksis, og har vært med pasienter de siste dager og timer før døden. To av oss har også hatt praksis på en avdeling for lindrende behandling/terminal pleie. Grunnen til at fokuset falt på de psykiske aspektene hos terminale pasienter er flere. Vi ønsket å få en økt forståelse for denne naturlige, men likevel på mange måter vanskelige delen av livet. Vi ville også lære mer om hvordan vi som sykepleiere kan bidra til at døende pasienter opplever den siste tiden best mulig. Samtidig lærer vi å sette ord på hva vi opplever som vanskelig når vi gir omsorg til døende pasienten, noe som kan bidra til en større forståelse og erkjennelse av egne følelser. Forskning viser at sykepleiere med kunnskap og erfaring innen palliativ omsorg er mindre usikre i møte med den terminale pasienten, noe som har innvirkning på pasientens trygghetsfølelse (Deffner og Bell, 2005, Eide og Eide, 2007)

New Measurement of Compton Scattering from the Deuteron and an Improved Extraction of the Neutron Electromagnetic Polarizabilities

The electromagnetic polarizabilities of the nucleon are fundamental properties that describe its response to external electric and magnetic fields. They can be extracted from Compton-scattering data --- and have been, with good accuracy, in the case of the proton. In contradistinction, information for the neutron requires the use of Compton scattering from nuclear targets. Here we report a new measurement of elastic photon scattering from deuterium using quasimonoenergetic tagged photons at the MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden. These first new data in more than a decade effectively double the world dataset. Their energy range overlaps with previous experiments and extends it by 20 MeV to higher energies. An analysis using Chiral Effective Field Theory with dynamical \Delta(1232) degrees of freedom shows the data are consistent with and within the world dataset. After demonstrating that the fit is consistent with the Baldin sum rule, extracting values for the isoscalar nucleon polarizabilities and combining them with a recent result for the proton, we obtain the neutron polarizabilities as \alpha_n = [11.55 +/- 1.25(stat) +/- 0.2(BSR) +/- 0.8(th)] X 10^{-4} fm^3 and \beta_n = [3.65 -/+ 1.25(stat) +/- 0.2(BSR) -/+ 0.8(th)] X 10^{-4} fm3, with \chi^2 = 45.2 for 44 degrees of freedom.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, comments from Physical Review Letters Referees addresse

Examining Identity Of Novice Teacher Educators: A Self-Study

Novice teacher educators can provide valuable insight into the question of professional identity and how it informs practice. Collaboration through interviews using self-study highlight how the experiences of their novice teacher educator years contribute to their identities. The self-study method provides an integrative approach, bridging research and practice, with the goal of ultimately improving practice. This self-study identifies specific qualities possessed by teacher educators who are former classroom teachers, and analyzes those qualities to determine possible benefits to teacher education. A corollary study is a self-study of my personal construction of professional identity as a novice teacher educator. The self-study method provides a direct avenue from which to explore possible answers to the questions; how have my unique experiences shaped my professional identity, and how do those experiences contribute to the well-being of my students and colleagues, and how do lived experiences of the classroom teacher shape identity as a teacher educator? Most importantly, how can these lived experiences help rather than hinder to enrich the teacher education program as a whole? Responses are coded and categorized using Wenger’s (1998) Modes of Belonging model. Careful consideration is given to each response, to see how and when the novice teacher educator crafts an identity. By understanding how their identity are defined, it is the researcher\u27s hope that the knowledge gained brings confidence and competence to novice teacher educators

Hva hindrer deg? Et multiple case studie om hindringer ved inkorporering av musikkteknologi i Norske skoler

Masteroppgave i musikkpedagogikk Institutt for kunstfagIn a world where technology evolves rapidly, with the creation of more powerful software and hardware than ever before, the increasing selection of technology available to the consumer has implications for education. This raises an important question: Why is music technology not more widely incorporated into Norwegian schools when there are numerous technological products designed for educational purposes? This study explores four cases of music technological products: Rocksmith 2014, Soundation, GarageBand and Skoog. They create the foundation for the study’s discussion. Through interviews with four music teachers in Norwegian primary and lower secondary schools, the study explores what the participants see as impediments to utilising these specific products, as well as music technologies in general. In analysing the interviews, themes emerged from their statements, revealing four factors as impediments: expense, accessibility, attitude and usability. The findings suggest that none of the four factors is necessarily more important than the others, and each can potentially stop the entire process of acquisition and incorporation of music technologies in schools. Further, the factors of other agents besides the music teachers themselves plays a vital role in this process, such as the school’s administration or characteristics of the municipality. The results of the study identify several subjects for further investigation, such as sociological aspects surrounding upbringing and influence, public document investigation and investigation of the companies that make such technologies.M120Mu51

Store tankar i små bygder? Overlevingsevna blant familiebedrifter i norsk distriktsreiseliv

Sammendrag: Hovudtema for avhandlinga er korleis ulike typar familiebedrifter i norsk distriktsreiseliv, gardsturisme og distriktshotell, møter eksterne og interne utfordringar for å sikre bedrifta sin vidare eksistens. Tre artiklar ligg til grunn for avhandlinga: den første artikkelen handlar om norsk gardsturisme og dei to siste artiklane om familieeigde distriktshotell. Det overordna forskingsspørsmålet er: Korleis forstå overlevingsevna til ulike typar familiebedrifter i norsk distriktsreiseliv ved hjelp av omgrepet «family firm resilience»? Kva rolle spelar omgrepet «embeddedness» for å forstå overlevingsevna? Avhandlinga har eit ressursperspektiv. Teoretisk trekker avhandlinga vekslar på omgrep frå forsking på turisme og resiliens, på familiebedrifter generelt, meir spesifikt ved bruk av omgrepet «family firm resilience». I tillegg vert bruken av ressursar i den rurale konteksten, bygdesamfunnet, teoretisert ved å ta i bruk ulike forståingar av omgrepet «embeddedness», frå forskingsfeltet ruralt entreprenørskap. Metodologisk har avhandlinga eit kvalitativt forskingsdesign og er basert på djupneintervju med tilbydarsida i norsk distriktsreiseliv. Eigarane av gardsturisme-bedrifter er intervjua, medan intervju av to generasjonar hotelleigarar ligg til grunn for hotellstudien. Hovudkonklusjonane er at bedriftene i hovudsak trekker vekslar på menneskelege og sosiale ressursar i eigarfamiliane, men dei trekker også vekslar på ressursar som ligg utanfor sjølve eigarfamiliane: menneskelege, sosiale, fysiske og immaterielle ressursar på gardsbruka og i bygdene der bedriftene er lokaliserte. Funna viser dermed at overlevingsevna (family firm resilience) til familiebedriftene ikkje vert sikra gjennom familiekapital aleine, men at familiebedriftene også trekker vekslar på ulike måtar å vere sosialt og stadleg integrert i lokalsamfunnet på. Konklusjonen viser også at for begge typane familiebedrifter inneber ein tilstand av balanse (equilibrium); Både å oppretthalde konkurranseevna til turistbedrifta og å balansere omsyna mellom familie og bedrifta. Samtidig er det ein vesentleg skilnad mellom bedriftene når det gjeld motiv og målsetting, noko som kjem til syne ved at gardsturisme-bedriftene reduserer turistaktivitetane dersom det oppstår interessekonflikter mellom omsynet til familie og til bedrift. I distriktshotella er det eigarfamiliane sine behov som må vike for bedrifta sine.Summary: The thesis investigates how owners of family businesses in Norwegian rural tourism meet external and internal challenges to ensure the long-term survival of the family businesses. The first article is a study of Norwegian farm tourism, while the two other articles focus on rural hotels in Norway. The thesis adopts a resource perspective and explores the ways in which different types of family businesses within Norwegian rural tourism, farm tourism businesses and rural hotels, draw upon internal and external resources to meet external and internal challenges to ensure their survival. The qualitative methodology is based upon in-depth interviews with the suppliers within Norwegian rural tourism. Theoretically the thesis draws upon three research fields: tourism and resilience, family businesses in general and especially the concept of family firm resilience, and finally, rural entrepreneurship and specifically the understandings of embeddedness. The main conclusion is as follows. When it comes to understanding the survival skills of the family businesses in terms of «family firm resilience» and «embeddedness», these two concepts have revealed that the survival skills of the family firms are not necessarily secured only through family capital, but also through different forms of social embeddedness, as well as placial embeddedness in the rural surroundings. The conclusion also reveals that to both types of family businesses, balance – or equilibrium – implies two things: securing the family firms’ competitiveness as well as balancing the concerns for the family with those of the business

A measurement of the differential cross section for the two-body photodisintegration of 3He at theta_LAB = 90deg using tagged photons in the energy range 14 -- 31 MeV

The two-body photodisintegration of 3He has been investigated using tagged photons with energies from 14 -- 31 MeV at MAX-lab in Lund, Sweden. The two-body breakup channel was unambiguously identified by the (nonsimultaneous) detection of both protons and deuterons. This approach was made feasible by the over-determined kinematic situation afforded by the tagged-photon technique. Proton- and deuteron-energy spectra were measured using four silicon surface-barrier detector telescopes located at a laboratory angle of 90deg with respect to the incident photon-beam direction. Average statistical and systematic uncertainties of 5.7% and 6.6% in the differential cross section were obtained for 11 photon-energy bins with an average width of 1.2 MeV. The results are compared to previous experimental data measured at comparable photon energies as well as to the results of two recent Faddeev calculations which employ realistic potential models and take into account three-nucleon forces and final-state interactions. Both the accuracy and precision of the present data are improved over the previous measurements. The data are in good agreement with most of the previous results, and favor the inclusion of three-nucleon forces in the calculations.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures; further Referee comments addresse

Photoproduction of π0-pairs off protons and off neutrons

Total cross sections, angular distributions, and invariant-mass distributions have been measured for the photoproduction of π0π0 pairs off free protons and off nucleons bound in the deuteron. The experiments were performed at the MAMI accelerator facility in Mainz using the Glasgow photon tagging spectrometer and the Crystal Ball/TAPS detector. The accelerator delivered electron beams of 1508 and 1557MeV, which produced bremsstrahlung in thin radiator foils. The tagged photon beam covered energies up to 1400MeV. The data from the free proton target are in good agreement with previous measurements and were only used to test the analysis procedures. The results for differential cross sections (angular distributions and invariant-mass distributions) for free and quasi-free protons are almost identical in shape, but differ in absolute magnitude up to 15%. Thus, moderate final-state interaction effects are present. The data for quasi-free neutrons are similar to the proton data in the second resonance region (final-state invariant masses up to ≈1550 MeV), where both reactions are dominated by the N(1520)3/2−→Δ(1232)3/2+π decay. At higher energies, angular and invariant-mass distributions are different. A simple analysis of the shapes of the invariant-mass distributions in the third resonance region is consistent with strong contributions of an N⋆→Nσ decay for the proton, while the reaction is dominated by a sequential decay via a Δπ intermediate state for the neutron. The data are compared to predictions from the Two-Pion-MAID model and the Bonn-Gatchina coupled-channel analysis

Quasifree photoproduction of η\eta mesons off protons and neutrons

Differential and total cross sections for the quasifree reactions $\gamma p\rightarrow\eta p$ and $\gamma n\rightarrow\eta n$ have been determined at the MAMI-C electron accelerator using a liquid deuterium target. Photons were produced via bremsstrahlung from the 1.5 GeV incident electron beam and energy-tagged with the Glasgow photon tagger. Decay photons of the neutral decay modes $\eta\rightarrow 2\gamma$ and $\eta\rightarrow 3\pi^0 \rightarrow 6\gamma$ and coincident recoil nucleons were detected in a combined setup of the Crystal Ball and the TAPS calorimeters. The $\eta$-production cross sections were measured in coincidence with recoil protons, recoil neutrons, and in an inclusive mode without a condition on recoil nucleons, which allowed a check of the internal consistency of the data. The effects from nuclear Fermi motion were removed by a kinematic reconstruction of the final-state invariant mass and possible nuclear effects on the quasifree cross section were investigated by a comparison of free and quasifree proton data. The results, which represent a significant improvement in statistical quality compared to previous measurements, agree with the known neutron-to-proton cross-section ratio in the peak of the $S_{11}(1535)$ resonance and confirm a peak in the neutron cross section, which is absent for the proton, at a center-of-mass energy $W = (1670\pm 5)$ MeV with an intrinsic width of $\Gamma\approx 30$ MeV

Photoproduction of pi0-mesons off neutrons in the nucleon resonance region

Precise angular distributions have been measured for the first time for the photoproduction of $\pi^{0}$-mesons off neutrons bound in the deuteron. The effects from nuclear Fermi motion have been eliminated by a complete kinematic reconstruction of the final state. The influence of final-state-interaction effects has been estimated by a comparison of the reaction cross section for quasi-free protons bound in the deuteron to the results for free protons and then applied as a correction to the quasi-free neutron data. The experiment was performed at the tagged photon facility of the Mainz Microtron MAMI with the Crystal Ball and TAPS detector setup for incident photon energies between $0.45$~GeV and $1.4$~GeV. The results are compared to the predictions from reaction models and partial-wave analyses based on data from other isospin channels. The model predictions show large discrepancies among each other and the present data will provide much tighter constraints. This is demonstrated by the results of a new analysis in the framework of the Bonn-Gatchina coupled-channel analysis which included the present data.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys; Rev. Let